Nama : Muhammad Nawazir

Kelas : 5I Keperawatan
Prodi : S1 Keperawatan

SUMMARY
Faeces consist of indigeated food, water, mucus, cells from the intestinal tract and bacteria.
When observing faeces, the following points are noted: the frequency of defeacation and
whether flatus is passed, the colour Nd consistency of the stools, and the presence of any
abnormal substances or objects. Altered blood in a stool is due to bleeding in the stomach or
small instestine and produces dark, tarry stool- melaena. The faeces are colored and putty and
can be very dangerous in the absence of bile pigment and fat.
Patient have trouble with your stomach and have this pain,and now his stools is all black and
tarry. He has pain for about two years, but it's been getting much worse since the beginning of
may. He is never vomited any blood. The patients feeling a bit weak ,tired and cold.

LESSON 1
FAECES
READING

In the adult, normal faeces are brown, semi-solid and have a characteristic odour. Faces
consists of indigestible or undigested food, altered bile pigments, water, mucus, cells from the
intestinal tract and bacteria. When observing faeces, the following points are noted; the
frequency of defeacation and whether flatus is passed, the colour and consistency of the stools,
and the presence of any abnormal substances or objects. Fresh blood in a stool is usually due
to bleeding in the lower bowel. Altered blood in a stool is due to bleeding in the stomach or
small intestine and produces dark, tarry stool – melaena. The absence of bile pigments and the
presence of large amounts of fat produce stools that are putty-coloured and extremely
offensive. Constipation is a condition in which the passing of stools is difficult and infrequent.
Diarrhea is a condition in which frequent loose or liquid stools are passed.

Stomach trouble color

colour Mr. Mills has a story of stomach trouble. He has an appointment at a medical outpatients’
clinic at 14.30 on Monday, July 1st. He arrives on time, and after a few minutes later, the
doctor is ready to see him.

Doctor : Good afternoon, Mr. Mills, isn’t it?

Patient :Yes. Good afternoon, doctor

Doctor :sit down, please. Now, let me see, you’ve been having trouble with your stomach,
haven’t you?

Patient : Yes. I have this pain, and now my stools are all black and tarry

Doctor : How long have you had the pain?

Patient : Oh, for about two years. But it’s been getting much worse since the beginning of May.

Doctor : Do you have it all the time?

Patient : No, it comes on about an hour to an hour and a half after I’ve had a meal ENGLISH
FOR NURSES 5

Doctor : does it last long?

Patient : No, I usually have a biscuit and a glass of milk, and then it goes off.

Doctor : Have you ever vomited any blood?

Patient : Never

Doctor :Have you been feeling weak or tired or cold?

Patient : Well, I have been feeling a bit weak since I came home from my Holidays

Doctor : When was that?

Patient : Three weeks ago

Doctor : For how long have you been passing these tarry stools?

Patient : Since last Friday

Doctor : Are they loose?

Patient : No. they’re not. They’re all black and hard

Doctor : How often do you have your bowel open?

Patient : Once a day. I usually take a laxative

Doctor : Well, thank you, Mr. Mills. Now would you mind undressing? I’d like to examine you I.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What do faeces consist of?

ANSWER : Faces consists of indigestible or undigested food, altered bile

pigments, water, mucus, cells from the intestinal tract and bacteria.

2. What should be noted when observing faeces?

ANSWER : the frequency of defeacation and whether flatus is passed, the

colour and consistency of the stools, and the presence of any abnormal
substances or objects.

3. What causes fresh blood in a stool?

ANSWER : Fresh blood in a stool is usually due to bleeding in the lower bowel.

4. Why is blood altered?

ANSWER : Altered blood in a stool is due to bleeding in the stomach or small

intestine and produces dark, tarry stool– melaena

5. Why are stool putty-coloured and extremely offensive?

ANSWER : The absence of bile pigments and the presence of large amounts of
fat produce stools that are putty-coloured and extremely offensive
 6. What is constipation?

ANSWER : Constipation is a condition in which the passing of stools is difficult

and infrequent.

7. What is diarrhea?

ANSWER : Diarrhea is a condition in which frequent loose or liquid stools are

passedS

II.VOCABULARY COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

1. If something cannot be digested, it can be called ( Feases )

2. If something has not been digested, it is called ( Food )

3. We can say, the passing of faeces, or ( Rectum )

4. We can talk about gas, or air in the bowels or ( Flatus )

5. We can say, altered blood in the stool, or ( Melaena )

6. We can say, organic colouring matter, or ( Bilirubin )

7. We can say, the intestines, or the ( Umbilical cord )

8. We can say, an unpleasant smell, or an unpleasant ( Bad breath )

9. If someone passes frequent, loose stools, he has ( Constipation )

10.If someone passes stools with difficulty and irregularly, he has ( Diarrehea )

11.We can ask, how often do you pass faeces? or ( frequency of defecation )

12.We can say, a medicine which helps defeacation, or a ( Laxative )