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Competitive Productivity (CP) at macro–meso–micro

levels
Chris Baumann , Michael Cherry , Wujin Chu 
Cross Cultural & Strategic Management ALTMETRICS

ISSN:
2059-5794
(International
Article publication date: 16 April 2019
Standard
Serial
Issue publication date: 18 June 2019
Number.)

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Abstract
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The concept of competitive
Welcome Vanlee Chirisa
Purpose productivity (CP): a linguistic
investigation
The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of Susan Hoadley,
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competitiveness. The authors introduce the concept of Competitive
 AdvancedStrategic  Save this2020
search Management, search
Productivity (CP), supplementing shortcomings of traditional
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understandings Management
of national, / Volume 26and
organisational Issueindividual
2 Competitive productivity in South
/ Competitive Productivity (CP) at macro–meso–micro levels African public–private
productivity which overlook the nature of competitiveness, i.e.
partnerships
outperforming the competition, or at least bettering one’s own Daniella Fjellstrom et al.,
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performance. The authors offer definitions, components and Cultural & Strategic
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construct measurements of CP at three levels: macro, meso and
micro.
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competitive productivity (CP): a
Design/methodology/approach comprehensive examination at
meso-micro levels
A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the need for Meehee Cho et al.,
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combining productivity and competitiveness into one new Hospitality Management, 2021
construct. There are theories that combine these ideas – e.g., the
resource-based theory of the firm – but the authors are presenting
Lenses and levels: the why, what
these concepts differently, or in a novel way. The authors’ focus on and how of measuring health
CP makes necessary a new group of construct measures which are system drivers of women’s,
children’s and adolescents’
different from that of the strategy literature: the authors measure health with a governance focus
an agent’s tendency “to be better than the competition” along
Asha George et al.,
Global Health,
multiple dimensions. Based on the CP construct, the authors 2019
present three testable models to uncover determinants of CP at
three levels (macro, meso and micro). Finally, the work around
Chapter 7: The Emergence of
“emergent property” can be applied to examine CP itself as being a Innovation as a Social Process:
determinant for other higher-order outcomes such as welfare, Theoretical Exploration and
Implications for
profits and life satisfaction. CP forms a platform to explore likely Entrepreneurship and Innovation
interplay (bottom-up and/or top-down mechanisms) within the
World Scientific
micro–meso–macro architecture.

Lenses and levels: the why, what

Findings and how of measuring health
system drivers of women’s,
Three CP models were developed and are briefly discussed in this children’s and adolescents’
paper: first, a National Competitive Productivity (NCP) model to health with a governance focus 
capture the components/drivers of national CP (macro level).
Asha George et al.,
BMJ, 2019
Second, a Firm Competitive Productivity (FCP) model to capture the
Support & Feedback  components/drivers of firm CP within an industry context (meso). Manage cookies

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And finally, an Individual Competitive Productivity (ICP) model Powered by

capturing the components/drivers of CP at the individual (micro)
level.

Originality/value
The study provides a combined approach to capture productivity
and competitiveness within one innovative concept: CP. It can be
used by government and policy makers (NCP model), managers and
organisations (FCP model), and individuals such as workers and
students (ICP model) to evaluate and enhance their performance. A
better understanding of the components/drivers of CP at the three
levels and the suggested measurement of CP should provide a
stronger theory of competitiveness of nations, firms and individuals.
Not least should a focus on the three levels (macro, meso and
micro) better prepare citizens, firms, workers and students to
effectively function and work in the marketplace and in society. The
authors’ work should eventually contribute to more effective
benchmarking and continuous improvement in the competitiveness
domain. Crucially, this conceptual paper forms the foundation for
future empirical testing of CP components in the context of the
relative values and moderated behaviour as captured by the
ReVaMB model.

Keywords

Competitiveness
Productivity
Benchmarking

Competitive Productivity (CP)

Emergent property

Macro–meso–micro architecture

Acknowledgements
This paper would not have reached fruition without the mentorship
of Professor Rosalie L. Tung at Simon Fraser University (SFU) whose
research and work more broadly has inspired the first author of this
paper over two decades, and has not least inspired the narrative of
Competitive Productivity (CP). Iggy Pintado is acknowledged for his
contribution to the original 2013 CP article in the Journal of the
Institute of Management Services. Because CP has developed over a
long stretch of time, there are many colleagues that deserve to be
acknowledged. The authors are grateful for the input provided by
Professor Andrew R. Timming (BA summa cum laude, MA PhD
Cambridge) at the University of Western Australia (UWA), and by
Professor Ross Gordon at Queensland University of Technology
(QUT). At Macquarie University, the authors were privileged to
discuss CP with Professor Fei Guo, Associate Professor Hume
Winzar and Dr Vida Siahtiri. Inspiration was further provided by
Professor Susan Ellis at Macquarie University, where she is the
Director of the Macquarie Graduate School of Management
(MGSM). Dr Hamin Hamin at Sydney City School of Business (TOP
Education) also shared his view on the emerging piece. Senior
Professor Paul J. Gollan, Pro-Vice Chancellor at the Sydney Business
School, University of Wollongong (UOW), shared his expertise in
relation to CP during a work visit to Seoul, South Korea; Korea is an
exemplar location to discuss competitiveness, and so is Japan,
where CP was discussed with Professor Wirawan Dony Dahana,
Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University, and with
Professor Takashi Kanamura, Graduate School of Advanced 
Integrated Studies in Human Survivability (GSAIS), Kyoto University.
Not least do the authors also thank two PhD candidates at
Macquarie University for their research assistance: Doris Viengkham
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(PhD on Confucianism and competitiveness) and S.J. Yang (PhD on

competitiveness and performance). The paper was professionally
edited by Glyn Mather who is acknowledged for her attention to
detail and her talent for elegant language. An earlier version of this
paper was presented at the AIB 2017 Annual Meeting in Dubai.

Citation
Baumann, C., Cherry, M. and Chu, W. (2019), "Competitive
Productivity (CP) at macro–meso–micro levels", Cross Cultural &
Strategic Management, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 118-144.
https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-08-2018-0118

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