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  • 3+5 (Drip Design+distributor)

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    Arnab Mondal
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    3+5(drip design+distributor)

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    7 views50 pages

    3+5 (Drip Design+distributor)

    Uploaded by

    Arnab Mondal
    Distributor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    CHAPTER -3 Drip Design Procedure 3.1 Crop Water Requirements he primary objective is to know the water at of erops are determined either by In designing an imgation syste requirement of crops, Water requuren field cultivation or by estum Such as Blaney Crnddle, radiation, Penman or pan evaporation method Definitions yi Temay be de Crop water requirement or evapotranspiration (ET as the rate of evapotranspiration of a disease free crop sowing aia theld of not tat full Tess than one hectare uncer adequate fertility and waver supply productive potential can be achieved in prevailing environment Evapotranspiration requirement ot a op refers the ET and expressed an munday Reference crop evapotranspiration (FT, 1: [Le cate of evapotranspiration from an extended surface of Sto [Sem tall green gross of unstonn height actively growing, completely shachng the ground and rot short ot watet. ET he empirical formulae snd meteorological data for may be computed by us the specific period i Crop coefficient (K,): Its the ratio of crop evapotransjaratton, ET und the reference crop evapotranspiration, ET. when both apply to large tield under ‘optimum growth condition y used to mrigate orchard or Ground Cover: Pap irrigation systers is m 109 crops. At the soung stage of crops the mast of fields remain unshaded more uswal 10 wide spaced crops. During this perio! thers is litte toss 0f water in the form of evaporation and transpiratlon from the unsha Is im Surface or sprinkler irigation, Thus occur consider in crops in conventional method includes the non-benefict Drip and Sprinkler Iigation| transpiration from the unshaded or uncovered areas 1 the fie. This is taken tito account in calculating the water requirement of erop in drip irrigation and ts modified by introducing the reduction factor called ground coverage factor (6). The method of accurate estimation of x, itll to be developed. However the following relationships may be used for approximate estimation ie which the sround cover, GC, is the fraction of the total surface area actually covered by the foliage ofthe plants when viewed from directly above (FAOW1980) 1 tran Kame (1978 Lye) : i in GC)or I ichever the salle i The value of 0.10 includes the oasis effect, which 1s very important when the overage is small With the consideration of above terms and relationships. the water requirement cof ecop in drip irrigation is EP =K xk xET, Ray We know the pan evaporation (E,.)is very elose to ET. Therefore, ET otter estimated by a multipheation factor catled pan factor 1K +t E Theretor the Fy. becomes, FT, = Ky xk aK ab aS Example 3.1 The following are the pan evaporations (F,,.), reference ctop evapotranspirations (ET, and crop coefficients of af arbitrary Focation and crop. May, June og Sep Oet_ Nov Des Bommity 262 Sroay a Wisma UTS pon sa 328 aT S28 ‘ | no Design Procedure Determine the K, valles and water requirement of crop (ET) at different months. Assume 4S*e ssound coverage from January to March and 60% tor the remaining months Solution: Using Deeror assunption, K,=014G¢ = 0.14085 = 0.88, when GC is 45% & = 0,140.65 117. when GC is 60%. EP, many month = KK, xK XBT, ET = @7xD.6W5S 0.58 mm ths or calculate an tiated as below: Is the ET, of whe han Fe Mar April May June July Aug. Sep Oct Nov Dee Fo mmiy 25 26 41 43 S282 S149 48 aS bteamiay 178 (9 19 325 41 42 39 37 3328 19 18 0.76 0.79 O81 0.76 0.76 069 OS 6x 067 k ay oars a 06 Nu 07 075 OR OX 09 09 08 07 D6 06 ‘ uss os6 ss 07 07 07 07 07 07:07 OF OF Ht jmmiday 058 O08 LIS 17223 236 244 238 1.85 137 Example 3.2 The following information were obtained in a research of papaya cultivation under drip inigation at Gayeshpur, West Bengal (Biswas etal, 1999); vf a plant was determined by, V= Ex K, x Kx A The daily requiremens Where. V = volume of « ater applied to each plant, Vday E.,, = pan evaporation x 1.0, 0.8 and 0.6 atthe irigation fevel off, 1, and respectively. mnvday PPPPPPPPPNAID HD ODN ARAAAO + - ip and Sprinter Ingation ctor (assumed 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 at 4-6, 9 and 10-12 months Fespectvely of the crop age K,= pan factor =0.8 AS area under a plant ‘Yield = 36225, 40200. 38550 and 31200kgiha tor, 1.1, and conventional ‘method of irrigation respectively 2) Determine the volume of water applied at each plant at different irrigation levels for a pan evaporation of Smm in 4 day at $” month of cxop age

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