PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS STARTS

Dear Lord and Father of All , Inspire us by YOUR HOLY SPIRIT as

Thank you for today. We listen and write.
Thank you for your ways in which you Guide us by your eternal light

Provide for us all. For Your As we discover more about the

protection and love we thank you. world around us.

We ask all this in the name
Help us to focus our hearts and
Of Jesus.
Minds now on what we are about
Amen.
to learn.
THE FOUNDATION
OF HISTORY
WHY DO YOU NEED TO HAVE A GOOD
FOUNDATION ?
• If you would like to build a strong house, you would need to
have a sturdy foundation. That means that you need to make a
base , put sand, stones and cement, so that the structure of the
house will have a firm foothold.
• If you want to study history you should need to have strong
foundation that you able to reconcile the myriad issues that will
confront as you study the story of any group of people.
WHY STUDY HISTORY? MARVIN PERRY IN
1988
REASONS:

• To learn about past.

• To understand the present
• To appreciate our heritage in a broad perspective.
• To acquire a background for critical thinking.
THE MEANING OF HISTORY

• Yesterday of mankind
• Record of the past
• The story of all Filipinos
• Historical forces
HISTORY DEFINED

• Is the scientific discipline, which deals with the study of significant events
in the past in order to ascertain the truth. This includes records or
accounts usually written in equal arrangement of past events especially
those concerning a particular nation, people , or field of knowledge as well
as activities.
• History is considered to be a scientific discipline because it uses the tools
of science in finding out what really transpired in the past.
TWO TYPES OF HISTORIC EPOCH.

• Prehistoric past – refers to that time before man

invented writing.
• Historic past –refers to the period where events are
recorded through written documents.
WHAT ARE HISTORICAL FACTS?
TO UNDERSTAND THE PRECEDING IDEA, 3 SIMPLE
QUESTIONS:

• WHAT IS THE HISTORICAL FACT?

• WHERE IS THE HISTORICAL FACT?
• WHEN IS THE HISTORICAL FACT?
FIRST QUESTION:

• Let us take a simple fact as simple Filipino historian often deal with , In December 1897 ,
Aguinaldo and 25 other revolutionary leaders went on voluntarily exile in Hongkong.
• But what of it?
• Why for one hundred years have the Filipinos treasured this simple fact that in the year
1897 Aguinaldo went to Hongkong?
• What of it indeed?
• Only a symbol ,a simple statement which is generalization of a
thousand and one simpler facts which we do not for the
moment care to use and this generalization itself we cannot use
apart from the wider facts and generalizations which is
symbolizes.
SECOND QUESTION

• The historical fact is in someone’s mind or it is

nowhere.
• Example NInoy Aquino was assinated at the Manila
International Airport on 21st August 1983.
THIRD QUESTION

• If the historical fact is present imaginatively in someone ‘s mind, then it is now part of the
present.
• How is History Made?
• All history (excerpt pre history ) is written in one way or the other ,meaning
committed to a document or documented.
HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN?

• Example:
A secret plot to overthrow the Spaniards was planned by the Chinese living in
Parian led by Eng-Kang, a rich Chinese merchant. On the 3rd of October 1603, they
attacked Tondo and Quiapo by setting the buildings there on fire and by killing the
inhabitants. The Spaniards counterattacked but they were repulsed. The Chines failed to
captured the walled city because of the Spanish, Filipino and Japanese jointed forces,
including friars as well as residents of the area. The Chinese rebels retreated to the hills of
San Fablo, Laguna but they were defeated by attacking Spanish forces.
SOURCES OF HISTORICAL DATA:

1. Written sources: Everything is written

Example: letters, diaries, contracts, bulletins, newspapers accounts, journals, wills, testaments, books, periodicals
2. Orally transmitted materials: Everything that is unwritten and passed on through word of mouth.
Example: myths, folklore, legends, tula, balagtasan, folk songs,kwentong bayan, pabula
3. Artistic production such as historical painting, potraits, vases, carvings, engraving, sketches, woven tapestries
4. Electronic data:
Example: films documentaries, radio ,television, computer data,
5. Relics and remains:
Example: fossils, artifacts, bones, vases, potteries, language, traditions, buildings,roads, bridges, trails.
CAUSATIVE INTERPRETATION OF
HISTORY
WHY IS THERE HISTORY?
WHAT CAUSES A HISTORICAL EVENT
HAPPEN?
 According to the Greeks and the Romans, historical events are determined by fate and destiny.
 The Christian View of History. There is a divine concern for the welfare of mankind.
 Voltaire. Does not believe in the existence of a divine creature. He believes that history is the
result of chance and fortuity.
 Hegel. Formulated the materialist conception of history. Hegel’s doctrine was that every epoch in
history was inspired and dominated by some specific idea.
 The Darwinian theory of evolution. Means that in social institutions ,the animal kingdom, the rule
of the survival of the fittest applies and that acquired characterstics of society are passed on the
succeeding generations.
 The Marxian philosophy is that mode of production in economic life primarily determines the
general character of the social, political, and cultural processes of life, which shifts as the
economic foundations changes.
 WORLD WAR of 1914-1918.a rhythm-philosophy explains history as a series of summer –fall –
winter-spring seasons, with the present period representing a very bleak seasons in civilization
and world affairs.
HISTORY AND CHANGES
2 TYPES OF CHANGES

• Quantitative changes- refer to those that can

easily be measured or counted.
• Qualitative changes are those that refer to the
modification of the intrinsic value of a thing.