Exercises

Q1.Give two examples each, of modes of transport used on land, water and air.

Ans: Two Modes of transport on land is motorcycle and buses.

Two Modes of transport on water is ships and boats.

Two Modes of transport on air is aeroplane and helicopter.

Q2.Fill in the blanks:

(i) One metre is l00 cm.

(ii) Five kilometre is 5000m.

(iii) Motion of a child on a swing is periodic.

(iv) Motion of the needle of a sewing machine is periodic.

(v) Motion of wheel of a bicycle is circular.

(vi) The 1/1000 part of meter is called millimetre (mm).

(vii) 1000 times the length of meter is called kilometre(Km).

Q3. Why can a pace or a footstep not be used as a standard unit of length?

Ans: Because pace or footstep of every individual is different so it can't be standard unit of
measurement.

Q4. Arrange the following lengths in their increasing magnitude:

1 metre, 1 centimetre, 1 kilometre,1 millimetre.

Ans: 1 millimetre ,1 centimetre, 1 metre, 1 kilometre.

Q5.The height of a person is 1.65 m. Express it into cm and mm.

Ans: Height in cm = 1.65x100= 165.00cm.

Height in mm = 1.65x1000= 1650.00cm.

Q6. The distance between Radha's home and her school is 3250 m. Express this distance into km.

Ans: The distance between Radha's home and her schoolin km = 3250/1000= 3.25km.
Q7. While measuring the length of a knitting needle, the reading of the scale at one end is 3.0 cm and at
the other end is 33.1 cm. What is the length of the needle?

Ans: The reading of the scale at one end = 3.0 cm

The reading of the scale at other end = 33.1 cm

:- Length of Needle =33.1 - 3.0= 30.1cm.

Q8. Write the similarities and differences between the motion of a bicycle and a

ceiling fan that has been switched on.

Ans: The similarity between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan is that both the wheels of the
bicycle and the fan are moving around a fixed point and possess circular motion.

Differences between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan are that a bicycle has linear motion as it
moves forward, whereas the ceiling fan does not possess the linear motion.

Q9. Why could you not use an elastic measuring tape to measure distance? What

would be some of the problems you would meet in telling someone about a

distance you measured with an elastic tape?

Ans: Elastic tapes are stretchable. So, the length of an elastic measuring tape will change each time due
to stretching. So, it will not give correct measurement of a distance. Therefore, we cannot use an elastic
measuring tape to measure distance. While measuring the distance with an elastic tape, we will get
different values of the same distance each time.

Q10. Give two examples of periodic motion.

Ans:Examples of periodic motion are: (any two)

Motion of a pendulum.

Motion of Earth round the Sun.

Q11. You are sitting in a moving bus and looking out? Are you in a state of motion

or rest? Explain

Ans: we are in a state of rest in moving bus with respect to other person in the bus. And we are at
motion with respect to person standing outside the bus.

Q12. Giving at least two examples, define the terms.

Ans: (a)Rectilinear motion: It is a linear motion in which the direction of the velocity remains constant
and the path is a straight line.eg motion of car on a road, moving in an elevator.
Ans (b): - Rotatory Motion:- if the body moves about a fixed axis without changing the radius of its
motion, it is said to be rotatory motion. Examples: a spinning whee and moving of ceiling fan.

Ans (c):- Oscillatory Motion:-The to and fro motion of a simple pendulum is an oscillatory motion.
Example: the motion of a swing in the park.

Ans (d):- Periodic Motion:-The motion which gets repeated after regular intervals of time is called
periodic motion. Example: in a clock the second hand takes 60sec to complete one revolution and this
motion repeats after every 60sec and motion of Needle of Swing machine.

Q) Name five different types of motion you know?

Ans: The different types of motion we know are

Translatory motion ,Rotatory motion, Oscillatory motio, Vibratory motio,Periodic motion,Multiple

motion,Random motion.

Home work:-

Conversion of units:

1km 1000m

1m 100cm

1cm 10mm

Km= kilometre m= meter cm= centimetre mm= millimetre

Now convert these units accordingly.

a) 2 km= __________m.b) 5 km= __________m.c) 2.5 km= __________m

a) 2 m= __________cm.b) 7 m= __________cm.c) 8.5 cm= __________m

a) 2 cm= __________mm.b) 9 cm= __________mm.c) 3.5 cm= __________mm

a) 4580 m= __________km.b) 500 m= __________km.c) 245 m= __________km

a) 245 cm= __________m.b) 7 cm= __________m.c) 8.5 m= __________cm

a) 5000 mm= __________cm.b) 9000 mm= __________cm.c) 3098 mm= __________cm

LIVING ORGANISMS AND WERE DO THEY LIVE

Q1:-What is a habitat?

Ans:- The surroundings where plants and animals live, is called their habitat.For example, the habitat of
a frog is fresh water, while the habitat of a camel is a desert.

Q2:-Why is adaptation necessary?

Ans:- The presence of specific features and habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in a
particular habitat, is called adaptation it is necessary for the survival of an organism to different harsh
environmental changes.

3. How is cactus adapted to survive in a desert?

Ans:- A cactus is able to survive in the desert due to the following features:

(i) It has long roots that go deep inside the soil for absorbing water.

(ii) Its leaves are in the form of spines to prevent water loss through transpiration.

(iii) Its stem is covered with a thick waxy layer to retain water

4. Why is the body of water plants covered with mucilage?

Ans:- Body of water plants is covered with mucilage because mucilage helps body of water plants
decaying from water and prevents it from toxic chemicals.

5. Fill up the blanks

(a) The presence of specific features, which enable a plant or an animal to live in harsh environmental
conditions is called a adaptation.

(b) The habitats of the plants and animals that live on land are called terristrial habitat.

(c) The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat.

(d) Soil, water and air are the abiotic factors of a habitat.

(e) Changes in our surroundings that make us respond to them are called stimulus.

(f) Water lily plant shows adaptation.

6.Which of the things in the following list are nonliving?

Plough, Mushroom, Sewing machine, Radio, Boat, Water hyacinth,

Earthworm

Ans:- Plough,sewing machine,radio,Boat.

7. Give an example of a non-living thing, which shows any two characteristics of

living things.

Ans:- Bus shows two characteristics of living things that is movement and it needs energy for moving
from one place to another.

8. Which of the non-living things listed below, were once part of a living thing?

Butter, Leather, Soil, Wool, Electric bulb, Cooking oil, Salt, Apple, Rubber

Ans:- Butter, leather,wool, cooking oil,apple,rubber.

9. List the common characteristics of the living things.

Ans:- All living things eat grow reproducte and shows some kind of movement.

10. Explain why speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals that

live there. (Hint: There are few trees or places for animals to hide in grasslands

habitats.)

Ans:- Speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals that

live there. Because there are few trees or places for animals to hide in grasslands

habitats from predators.

11. How do plants differ from animals? Give important differences?

Ans:- Plants and animals differ in many ways

Plants Animals

1.Make their own food by photosynthesis. 1. Can not make their own food.

2. They have rigid cell wall. 2.They don't have cell wall.

3.plants give Oxygen and take carbon dioxide. 3.Animals give carbon dioxide and take Oxygen.

OBJECTS SHADOWS AND REFLECTIONS.

Exercises
1.Rearrange the boxes given below to make a sentence that helps us understand

opaque objects.

OWS OPAQ AKE UEO BJEC TSM SHAD

Ans:- The above boxes when rearranged makes this sentence "Opaque objects make shadows".

OPAQ UEO BJEC TSM AKE SHAD OWS

2. Classify the objects or materials given below as opaque, transparent or translucent

and luminous or non-luminous:

Air, water, a piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a mirror, a wooden board, a

sheet of polythene, a CD, smoke, a sheet of plane glass, fog, a piece of red hot

iron, an umbrella, a lighted fluorescent tube, a wall, a sheet of carbon paper, the

flame of a gas burner, a sheet of cardboard, a lighted torch, a sheet of cellophane,

a wire mesh, kerosene stove, sun, firefly, moon.

Ans:- Opaque: A piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a mirror, a wooden board, a CD, an umbrella, a
wall, a sheet of carbon paper, a sheet of cardboard.

Transparent: Air, water, a sheet of plane glass.

Translucent: A sheet of polythene, smoke, fog, a sheet of cellophane, a wire mesh.

Luminous: A piece of red hot iron, a lighted fluorescent tube, the flame of a gas burner, a lighted torch,
sun, firefly, kerosene stove.

Non – luminous: Air, water, a piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a mirror, a wooden board, a sheet of
polythene, a CD, smoke, a sheet of plane glass, fog, an umbrella, a wall, a sheet of carbon paper, a sheet
of cardboard, a sheet of cellophane, a wire mesh, moon.

3. Can you think of creating a shape that would give a circular shadow if held in

one way and a rectangular shadow if held in another way?

Ans:- Yes

4. In a completely dark room, if you hold up a mirror in front of you, will you see

a reflection of yourself in the mirror?

Ans:- No, in a dark room, a mirror reflection of the image will not be shown as the light will not fall on
the mirror to reflect the image due to darkness.

WATER
Exercises

C.

1. Fill up the blanks in the following:

a. The process of changing of water into its vapour is called

b. The process of changing water vapour into water is called

No rainfall for a year or more may lead to

in that

region.

d. Excessive rains may cause

e. The

_point of ice is 0°c.

f. Floods damage soil by causing its

2. State for each of the following whether it is due to evaporation or

condensation:

Water drops appear on the outer surface of a glass containing cold

a.

water.

b. Steam rising from wet clothes while they are ironed.

e.

a.

e.

c. Fog appearing on a cold winter morning.

d. Blackboard dries up after wiping it.

Steam rising from a hot girdle when water is sprinkled on it.

3. Which of the following statements are "true"?

Water vapour is present in air only during the monsoon.(

b. Water evaporates into air from oceans, rivers and lakes but not from the

soil.

c. The process of water changing into its vapour, is called evaporation)

d. The evaporation of water takes place only in sunlight.( )

Water vapour condenses to form tiny droplets of water in the upper

layers of air where it is cooler()

4. Suppose you want to dry your school uniform quickly. Would spreading it

near an anghiti or heater help? If yes, how?

5. Take out a cooled bottle of water from refrigerator and keep it on a table.

After some time you notice a puddle of water around it. Why?

6. To clean their spectacles, people often breathe out on glasses to make them

wet. Explain why the glasses become wet.

7. How are clouds formed?

8. When does a drought occur?

9. Explain the formation of water cycle?

10. What do you understand by

a. Groundwater

b. Running water

c. Rainwater harvesting