11/12

21ST CENTURY
LITERATURE
Quarter 1 – Week 1
Identify the geographic, linguistic,
and ethnic dimensions of
Philippine literary texts

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
ENGLISH – Grade 11/12
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter IV – Week 4: Revising the draft based on the qualities of a well-written text
First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1
Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic
dimensions of Philippine literary texts

MELC: Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts

and doing an adaptation
Objectives:
1. Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine
literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary Distinguish errors in text, and;
2. Write a close analysis of literary text.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number.

__________1. What expresses norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or instilled

values by offering a piece of wisdom in rhyming verse?
A. Folk Song B. Proverb C. Riddle D. Tayutay

__________ 2. Which of the following is not an epic from Palawan?

A. Biag Ni Lam-Ang B. Kudaman C. Palaisgen D. Sandapal

__________ 3. Which of the following is a form of theater/drama introduced during Spanish

colonization?
A. Bayok C. Noli Me Tangere
B. Doctrina Cristiana D. Zarzuela

__________ 4. Which of the following is an example of a nonfiction written during American

Colonization?
A. A Child Of Sorrow C. I Am A Filipino
B. Banaag At Sikat D. Isang Dipang Langit

__________ 5. Which of the following is not a work of Lualhati Bautista during 1980s?
A. Bata, Bata...Pa'no Ka Ginawa? C. Dekada ’70
B. Gapo D. Nemo: Ang Batang Papel

NANAY (Norbert C. Lartec)

Pagpanaw niya’y buhay
Paghikbi, paghalakhak
Paghihirap, pagsikhay
Sa bunsong nililiyag

__________ 6. What is the central theme of the tanaga?

A. love of a mother C. the sacrifices of a mother
B. death of a mother D. love of a child to his/her mother

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 __________ 7. How many syllables compose each line of the tanaga?
A. 8 B. 6 C. 7 D. 9

__________ 8. Based on the above example, which of the following best describes tanaga?
I. It is a short poem. II. It has a rhyme scheme III. It follows a syllabication
pattern.
A. I B. II C. III D. I, II and III

__________ 9. What does “tanaga” reflect on the linguistic knowledge of our ancestors?
A. For them, poetry was relevant to make meaningful communications.
B. They were aware of the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language.
C. They knew that language is a systematic means of communicating
by sounds.
D. All of the above

___________ 10. Which of the following is NOT a literary award giving body in the
Philippines?
A. Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards
B. Philippines Free Press Literary Awards
C. Home Life and Panorama literary awards
D. Palme d'Or, Grand Prix

Let’s Explore and Discover

Unlocking of Literature is all about Significant Human Experiences (SHE).
It mirrors life itself. It gives us a glimpse of what we were in
Difficulties
the past, what we are in the present, and what will we
The AWIT is set in dodecasyllabic become in the future, everything as reflected in the pages of
quatrains poetry literature. Just like history, these are written accounts of
the human race.
While CORRIDO is in octosyllabic There are two main forms of literature:
quatrains. Oral Literature – Literature that are recited and transferred
by word of mouth such as folk songs, riddles and epics.
These are colorful tales of
Written Literature – Literature conveyed into written forms,
chivalry from European sources
made for singing and chanting. such as novels and nonfiction.
Under Written Literature there are two types:
Prose which is written in sentences and paragraphs.
Poetry which is written in lines, stanzas, and verses.
Sometimes poetry contains elements such as rhyme and meter.
PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
Folk Narratives reflect the culture of a particular group of people, and fusion of
neighboring groups. Examples of these narratives are riddles, epics, legends, myths, folk
tales and folk songs.
Riddle, a folk speech which is a form of entertainment where a phrase requires
creativity in structure and pose as a puzzle to be answered. Different ethnic groups have
their own name for riddle. Bugtong for the Tagalog, Tigmo for the Cebuano, Paktakon for
the Ilonggo, and Patototdon for the Bikolnon.
Tanaga is a form of poetry written in four lines. This expresses a view or a value of
the world.
Songs
Folk songs express people’s love, lifestyle, and aspiration. Examples are basahanon
(Bukidnon) daraida and daragilon (Panay).
Children Songs are often repetitive and sonorous. Examples are Ida-
ida(Maguindanao), tulang pambata (Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing (Ibanag).
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 Lullabies such as Ili-ili is from the Ilonggo.
Love Songs. Examples are Right: Harana (Cebuano) Bayok (Maranao) panawagon
and balitao (Ilongo)
Ambahan a 7-line poetry often presented as chant which recites about childhood,
human relationships and hospitality.
An epic is an oral tradition which narrates the adventures of a heroic figure.
Sandapal, Palaisgen, and Kudaman are some Palawan epics which were preserved.

SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD (Mid-16th – late 19th century)

There are two main divisions of literature during Spanish colonization in the
Philippines: the religious and the secular.

GENRE LITERARY WORKS

PRAYERS and Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine) - First book printed in
RELIGIOUS the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
BOOKS Nuestra Señora del Rosario - Second book printed in the Philippines
in 1602
The Passion - the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ, and only read
during Lent
Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary) - A collection of songs
praising the Virgin Mary written in 1865.
RECREATIONAL The Cenaculo - the passion and death of Jesus Christ
PLAYS Panunuluyan- the process or circumstances of Jesus Christ being
born
The Salubong (or Panubong)- The resurrection of Jesus Christ
Carillo (Shadow Play)- a form of dramatic entertainment performed
on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on nights after a harvest
The Zarzuela- a lyric dramatic genre. it is a musical comedy or
melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions
like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice, or some social or
political problem
RELIGIOUS The Moro-moro play- battle between Christians and the Muslim
PLAYS Moros in the Philippines

PROPER Dialogo(dialogue)
DECORUM Manual de Urbanidad (conduct book);
Ejemplo (exemplum) and tratado (tratado).
The most well-known is Modesto de Castro’s “Pagsusulatan ng
Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at si Feliza”

THE AWIT AND Florante at Laura (by Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar)- An example
CORRIDO of an Awit, though there are symbols and themes which dictate the
protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as
to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly
derived from his work – since
he left no notes or additional pieces that may affirm the conclusion.
Ibong Adarna (by Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar)– an example of
Corrido.
NOTABLE Ninay (by Pedro Paterno). It was written in 1885 in Spanish
WORKS Language. It explores the distinctive culture of the Philippines.
Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) (by Jose P.
Rizal) - created an impact on the national consciousness and love for
one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards

ESSAYS AND La Vanguardia, El Debate, Renacimiento Filipino, and; Nueva Era.

FICTIONS

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 NOTABLE ESSAYISTS AND FICTIONISTS
Claro M. Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes, Vicente Sotto, Trinidad Pardo
de Tavera, Rafael Palma, Enrique Laygo

AMERICAN COLONIZATION PERIOD (Late 19th – Mid-20th century)

During the American era, writers are group into three.
1. Spanish Writers –
They were accustomed to write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and the other heroes.
Writers: Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jesus Balmori, Manuel Bernabe and
Claro M. Recto.
2. Filipino Writers –
They continued the lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to
arouse love for one’s native tongue.
Poets during that time were categorized by three:
• Poets of the Heart (Makata ng Puso)
Writers: Lope K. Santos, Carlos Gatmaitan, Amado V. Hernandez, Nemecio Carabana,
and Mar Antonio
• Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)
Writers: Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes, Patricio Mariano, and Amado V.
Hernandez
• Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan)
Writers: Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes, and Tomas Remigio
3. English Writers –
They imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.
English writers in the American Era has three periods:
• The Period of Re-Orientation (1898 – 1910)
• The Period of Imitation (1910 – 1925)
• The Period of Self Discovery (1925 – 1941)

GENRE LITERARY WORKS

Fiction A Child of Sorrow – The first English Novel written in the Philippines in
1921 (by Zoilo Galang)
Nonfiction I Am a Filipino by Carlos P. Romulo
Banaag at Sikat by Lope K. Santos
Isang Dipang Langit by Amado V. Hernandez

CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
To recognize writers, various literary awards such as the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature, the Philippines Free Press, Philippine Graphic, Home Life and
Panorama literary awards are established.

NOVEL 'Gapô (at isang puting Pilipino, sa mundo ng mga Amerikanong kulay brown) -
Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature for Nobela, Grand Prize (1980)
(by Lualhati Bautista)
Dekada ‘70 – Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature for Nobela, Grand
Prize (1983) (by Lualhati Bautista)
Bata, Bata...Pa'no Ka Ginawa? - Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature
for Nobela, Grand Prize (1984) (by Lualhati Bautista)
SHORT Nemo: Ang Batang Papel – Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature for
STORY Maikling Kuwentong Pambata (1992) (by Rene O. Villanueva)
“Papel De Liha” (A Book in 2 Languages) - Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature for Maikling Kuwentong Pambata (1995) (by Ompong Remigio)

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 Let’s Practice
Activity 1
Directions: Identify the geographic or ethnographic origin of the following literary
works/types. Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Harana A. Cebuano B. Mangyan
2. Ili-ili A. Ilonggo B. Tagalog
3. Kudaman A. Iloko Region B. Palawan
4. Ida-ida A. Bicol B. Maguindanao
5. Bayok A. Ibanag B. Maranao
Activity 2
Directions: From the names of the writers, identify if the writer is a Makata ng Puso, Makata ng
Buhay or Makata ng Tanghalan. Write MP for Makata ng Puso, MB for Makata ng Buhay, or MT
for Makata ng Tanghalan. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.

_________ 1. Carlos Gatmaitan _________ 4. Severino Reyes

_________ 2. Jose Corazon De Jesus _________ 5. Amado V. Hernandez
_________ 3. Aurelio Tolentino

Reflect on this question…

How folk narratives reflect the linguistic knowledge of our ancestors?

Let’s Do More
Activity 1
Directions: Read a poem written by Jose Garcia Villa, one of our National Artists for
Literature, and answer the questions that follows.

Sonnet
By Jose Garcia Villa
First, a poem must be magical,
Then musical as a seagull.
It must be a brightness moving
And hold secret a bird’s flowering
It must be slender as a bell,
And it must hold fire as well.
It must have the wisdom of bows
And it must kneel like a rose.
It must be able to hear
The luminance of dove and deer.
It must be able to hide
What it seeks, like a bride.
And over all I would like to hover
God, smiling from the poem’s cover.
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 1. How many lines there are in the poem?
A. 8 lines B. 10 lines C. 12 lines D.14 lines

2. What form of poetry is it called?

A. Ambahan B. Sonnet C. Tanaga D. Textula

3. Did you observe that every two lines rhyme?

A. Couplet B. Quatrain C. Quintet D. Tercet

4. What do you think is the meaning of, “It must be a brightness moving,
And hold secret a bird's flowering”?
A. The poem must be magical C. The poem must have spirit
B. The poem must flourish D. The poem must be humble

5. What does, “It must have the wisdom of bows

And it must kneel like a rose” mean?
A. The poem must be verbose, and have spirit C. The poem must bloom and fall
B. The poem must be direct, and humble D. The poem must be simple and clean
Activity 2
Directions: Read the summary of “Kudaman” and answer the question that follows.

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Q: What are the traditions and culture that is being reflected on the selection? Circle your
answers.

Drinking of Tabad Practicing Polygamy Using a wishing well

Chewing of Betel Nut Having Blood Compact Celebrating a new kalangbanwa

Reflect on this question…

Which of the following Literary Periods you want to explore? Why?

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Identify the period of the following literary works. Write your answer
inside the chart.

Ambahan Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine)

Banaag at Sikat by Lope K. Santos Papel De Liha by Ompong Remigio
Dekada ’70 by Lualhati Bautista

Precolonial Period Spanish Period American Period Contemporary

Period

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 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

__________1. What expresses norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or instilled

values by offering a piece of wisdom in rhyming verse?
A. Folk Song B. Proverb C. Riddle D. Tayutay

__________ 2. Which of the following is not an epic from Palawan?

A. Biag Ni Lam-Ang B. Kudaman C. Palaisgen D. Sandapal

__________ 3. Which of the following is a form of theater/drama introduced during Spanish

colonization?
A. Bayok C. Noli Me Tangere
B. Doctrina Cristiana D. Zarzuela

__________ 4. Which of the following is an example of a nonfiction written during American

Colonization?
A. A Child Of Sorrow C. I Am A Filipino
B. Banaag At Sikat D. Isang Dipang Langit

__________ 5. Which of the following is not a work of Lualhati Bautista during 1980s?
A. Bata, Bata...Pa'no Ka Ginawa? C. Dekada ’70
B. Gapo D. Nemo: Ang Batang Papel
Read for nos. 6-9.
NANAY (Norbert C. Lartec)
Pagpanaw niya’y buhay
Paghikbi, paghalakhak
Paghihirap, pagsikhay
Sa bunsong nililiyag

__________ 6. What is the central theme of the tanaga?

A. love of a mother C. the sacrifices of a mother
B. death of a mother D. love of a child to his/her mother
__________ 7. How many syllables compose each line of the tanaga?
A. 8 B. 6 C. 7 D. 9
__________ 8. Based on the above example, which of the following best describes tanaga?
I. It is a short poem. II. It has a rhyme scheme III. It follows a syllabication
pattern.
A. I B. II C. III D. I, II and III
__________ 9. What does “tanaga” reflect on the linguistic knowledge of our ancestors?
A. For them, poetry was relevant to make meaningful communications.
B. They were aware of the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language.
C. They knew that language is a systematic means of communicating
by sounds.
D. All of the above

___________ 10. Which of the following is NOT a literary award giving body in the
Philippines?
A. Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards
B. Philippines Free Press Literary Awards
C. Home Life and Panorama literary awards
D. Palme d'Or, Grand Prix

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 Answer Key
LET’S TRY/ LET’S ASSESS LET’S PRACTICE

1. B 6. C
2. A 7. C
3. D 8. D 1. A 1. MP
2. A 2. MB
4. A 9. D
3. B 3. MT
5. D 10. D 4. B 4. MT
5. B 5. MP

LET’S DO MORE LET’S SUM IT UP

PRECOLONIAL AMERICAN
Ambahan Banaag at Sikat
1. D by Lope K.
Drinking of Tabad Santos
2. B Practicing Polygamy SPANISH CONTEMPORARY
3. A Chewing of Betel Nut Doctrina Papel De Liha by
4. B Having Blood Compact Cristiana (The Ompong Remigio
5. B Christian Dekada ’70 by
Celebrating a new
kalangbanwa Doctrine) Lualhati
Bautista

Website References
Godinez-Ortega, Christine. “The Literary Forms in Philippine Literature - National
Commission for Culture and the Arts.” National Commission for Culture and the Arts,
https://www.facebook.com/NCCAofficial, https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-
3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary-arts/the-literary-forms-
in-philippine-literature/. Accessed 26 Aug. 2021.

Ramos, Lovely Suzenne, and Jay Maravilla. 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and
the World. 2020th ed., 2020, pp. 4–19.

Villa, Jose Garcia. Doveglion. USA: Penguin Books, 2008.

Beltran, Karen Ann C. “Philippine Literary Periods”. Scribd. August 27, 2010.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/36510088/Philippine-
LiteraryPeriods?fbclid=IwAR1EqgkvvGBd_8GIQSi1nTD5bwpBxoosGwo14es2U0CP8fE
Os0PHu1iSRo.
Philips, Jacobs. “History of Philippine Literature.” The Literary Forms in Philippine
Literature, 2012.
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Literature/literary_forms_in_philippine_lit.htm

Sayson, James. “Header.” ICHCAP,

2011.https://www.unescoichcap.org/eng/contents/ich.php?mode=view.

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