vector - speed or size and direction

- often represeneted as arrows, where the lenth of the arrow is magnitude

or size and direction of arrow

velocity vector - length corresponds to the speed and arrow points in direction

simple harmonic motion - force is directly proportional to distance, the motion

refers to harmonic because the motion repeats over and over again

work - force that moves an object through a distance

potential energy - energy stored in the object, comes from the work done by
particular kind of force (gravity, electrical forces)

pressure - force per area

MKS System - common measurement system (meter-kilogram-second)

FPS System - foot-pound-second

CONVERSION FACTOR
a.) From larger to smaller (apply multiplication)

3 days to hours (3)(24) = 72 hours

25 weeks to minutes (25)(7)(24)(60) = 252,000 minutes

b.) From smaller to larger (apply division)

800 hours to days (800)/(24) = 33.33 DAYS

1,000,000 seconds to days = 1M/60/60/24 = 11.5740 DAYS

Speed = distance(meters) / time(sec)

(m/s)

momentum = velocity (meters/sec) x mass (kilograms)

(kg m/s)

Scientific Notation

5,890,000,000,000 meters = 5.89 × 10^12 meters

0.0000000000000000005339 meters = 5.339 × 10^–19 meters

Significant Digits/Figures

1000 (sigdig is unknown)

1.0 x 10^3 = 2 sigdigs
1.000 x 10^3 = 4 sigdigs

Rounding sigdigs (multiply/division) (fewest sigdig)

find the speed when 10.0 meters in 7.0 seconds

answer : 70 m/s (2 sigdigs is the lowest)

Rounding sigdigs (addition/subtraction) (nearest whole number)

3.6
14
6.33
answer = 23. 93 or 24 (same as 14)

Possible Error Measurement

5.36 plus minus 0.05 meters

from the range of 5.31 to 5.41

s = 1/2 (a)(t)^2

where s, distance, a, rate of acceleration, t, time

Trigonometric Rules

(y is opposite, x is adjacent, r is hypotenuse)

sin theta = y/r

cos theta = x/r
tan theta = y/x

DISPLACEMENT (distance in a particular direction)

s = sf - si (displacement final minus displacement initial)

DISTANCE (x, y)
(0, 0) to (4, 3)

Δx = xf – xi
= 4 m – 0 m = 4 m

Δy = yf – yi
= 3 m – 0 m = 3 m

DISTANCE FORMULA
s = sqr(Δx^2 + Δy^2)

Velocity

v = s/t (whereas v is velocity, s is the distance, and t is time)

Velocity Vector

v(bold) or v (with arrow above)

v = Δx/Δt or
v = Δy/Δt or
v = s/Δt

Instantaneous speed - speed at a particular instant of time

Uniform speed or constant speed

Nonuniform speed - changing the speed or velocity

Average speed - the total distance you travel divided by the total time it takes
v(bar) = s/t
Average speed VS Average Velocity

average velocity
85 miles/2 hours =43 miles/hour

average speed
110 miles/2 hours = 55 miles/hour

Acceleration - measure of how quickly the velocity changes

a = Δv/Δt
a = 75mph / 20 sec
= 3.8 mph/s (acceleration)

a = Δv/t
= vf - vi / 20
= 0 - 75 / 20
= -75/20
= -3.8 mph/s (deceleration)

Velocity vs Acceleration

velocity = distance/time
acceleration = distance/time^2

page 39