ABASYN UNIVERSITY PESHAWAR

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Assignment # ( 1 )

Subject: Mobile Application Development

Class /section: 6th Semester / CB

Submitted to: Sir Yasir

Submitted by: Hammad Ahmed

Id: 14012

Date: 10 January 2021

1) Please write a detail overview of android version from start to current version,
also identify drawback in each version

Ans) Android Versions:

Android 1.0 and 1.1:

The very first version of android, Android 1.0 also known as the Alpha
version releases on 23 September 2008. The android version 1.0 actually don’t have
any name unless the android version 1.1 released on 9 February 2009 the Petit Four. It
supports the Web Browser to show the HTML and XHTML, web-pages, it also supports
camera to take pictures, and an email server. The version also contains Google
Calendar, Google Maps, Google Sync, Google Search, Google Talk, Instant messaging,
Media player, Notifications appear in the status bar, wallpaper, YouTube video player,
Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer, Pictures (Gallery), Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.

Android 1.5:

Android 1.5 the Cupcake was released on 27 April 2009. The specialty which
makes it differ and better from android 1.1 is that the Android 1.5 consist of a on-screen
keyboard rather than Physical Keyboard available in Android 1.1. The android 1.5 also
supports the third-party widgets. Another advancement in version 1.1 was that the user
records their videos which was not available in previous versions.

Android 1.6:

The Android 1.6 or namely Donut was released on the 15 of September 2009. In
this version, Android included CDMA network support such as Verizon, Sprint and a
number of big networks in Asia that brought together multitudes of people along with the
ability of the OS to operate on a variety of screen sizes and resolutions. The Quick
search facility was also added in.

Android 2.0:

The Éclair version released on 26 October 2009. The Motrola Droid phones were
released in the form of Éclair versions. The Android 2.0 was one of the first devices to
support the Google Maps and Navigations. HTML 5 also added in their browsers too.
Unlocking the screens from swiping up also introduced.

Android 2.2:
 Android 2.2 the Froyo Version released on the May 20th 2010 in Nexus
One. This update took Android voice capabilities to the next level with Voice Action,
which allowed users to perform functions such as searching, getting directions, making
notes, setting alarms and more with only sound. They provided five home screen panels
instead of three, apart from hotspot. It provided users pin unlock feature, which was
perfect for those who didn’t like pattern lock screen.

Android 2.3:

Android 2.3 the Gingerbread released on the 6th December 2010. It supports the
Graphics-intensive, 3D Games. The NFC (Near Field Communication) were introduced
to the users from which the users can easily share data by just bringing the two devices
near to each other. Front camera that attracts more users to mobile phones also
introduces in Gingerbread. Users now can take selfies easily.

Android Honeycomb:

The Android version 3.0 the Honeycomb was released on 22 February 2011
which was latterly updated to 31 and 3.2 versions too. Honeycomb was the first version
that were actually designed for the tablets. The physical buttons (home, back and
menu) were replaced by the soft keys in Android 3.0. The android 3.0 also support the
OTG technology, now users can easily connect their phones with the USB drives.

Android 4.0:

The IceCream Sandwich was released on 19 of October 2011 in the form of

Samsung Galaxy Nexus. It supports the fac lock, the recent apps, notifications and
1080p video recordings too.

Android 4.1:

Android 4.1 the JellyBean released on July 9, 2012. Google Now was introduced
in 4.1 to keep the people updated from the latest news and weather information.

Android 4.4:

Android 4.4 KitKat released on 31st October 2013 which supports the “Ok
Google” feature so that anyone can access google by voice command. This version was
designed to support lower RAM like 512 RAM devices.

Android 5.0:
 On 25 June 2014 Android 5.0 The Lollipop introduces the “Material design” which
enhance the Android UI by adding shadows, animations, motions etc. The Lollipop
version supported all screen sizes both phones and tablets, TV, and Android Wear
Watch. It also added direct notifications feature from lock screen so that users could
view notification on lock screen and respond to the messages directly from home
screen.

Android 6.0:

The Marshmallow version released on October 5 2015. It includes new vertically

scrolling app drawer along with Google Now on top, making Google Now accessible by
just tapping and holding home key whether in app or website. It also introduces the
fingerprint biometric unlocking, USB Type-C support and Android Pay, etc. also
introduces.

Android 7.0:

Was released on 22 August 2016. It introduces the multitasking by enabling the

users through multi-screens. This version also changed behind the screen like switching
JIT compiler to speed up apps, supported the Vulkan API for faster 3D rendering and
enabled OEMs to support its Day dream Virtual Reality platform.

Android 8.0:

The Oreo version was released on 21 August 2017. This version allow
notification based on the priority and also have the ability to snooze the notifications.

Android 9.0:

The Android version 9.0 the Pie released on 6th August 2018. It does not have
three button setups at the bottom but has only single pill-shaped button and gestures for
controlling things like swiping left-right to switch between recently opened apps, etc.
This version is designed to extend the battery, including prediction of app that can be
used in the device by machine learning.

Android 10.0:

The android Q was released on Sept 3 2019. Android 10 comes with the features
of live captions, smart reply, sound amplification, gesture navigation, dark themes,
secure privacies, location controls and with many security updates too.

Android 11.0:
 The Android R was officially release on Sept 8 of 2020. Introduces a better UI in
sense of introducing the bubbles. Whenever user touches the screen and swipe on it a
bubble along with figure tip generates on screen and provide a better and soft User
Experience. Android 11 also introduces to share the content by just capturing it a small
balloon opens with the options Share, Save, Open. It also supports the built-in screen
recordings too. It controls your phone with your voice. The smart reply functionality has
also been added. It also helps to control the connected devices too; you can easily
control your room lights with it etc. You can easily connect your mobile with your car
without any use of cable. User can control with an upper hand that what apps can
access and what not. Security level and specially the Google Security level in Android
11.0 also increases.

2) Development in android platform as compare to other languages is too much

easy because of its Framework. Please write the detail of following Classes of
android framework which is listed below.

Activity Manager:

Activity Manager class is used to manage all the activities created in an

application. It gives enough information related to the activities created in that app. How
different activities interact with each other, and how they provide their services to
perform the tasks for which the app has been created too.

Window Manager:

The apps interact with the OS for many occasions to fulfil the tasks. Android
Window Manager is used to provide the sense of ease so that every application could
easily interact and work with the mobile OS not only to reduce the hardness but to
provide an easy use.

Content Provider:

Content Provider is one of the four major components of android. Content

Provider is used to transfer the data at the back end. Suppose user wants to play a
music, so that he opens the music player and play any music. Whenever he touches the
music he wants to play, the content provider activates at the back end and help to load
the specific music from the storage.

View System:
 Android View System is used to handle different Views and the layouts available
in an activity or more.

Notification Manager:

Android notification manager is designed to share different notifications related to

the specific app so that the user keeps in touch timely with that particular application.
Notification manager is designed to generate the notifications or important messages
necessary important for user timely.

Package Manager:

Android application source codes comes in many packages. Each package

consists of set of related source code to perform their functions different from others. To
manage all those packages and to work with them android package manager is used.

Location Manager:

Location manager in android applications is used to keep trace of the user

location. And are normally use in location finder or navigation apps such as tourism
apps. A location manager actually locates each location using the GPS and satellite
technologies to locate the specific location of somebody.

XML Manager:

An android application consists of more than one UI elements or widgets. Such

elements are use to create the actual structure of the android application and are
created in extensible markup language XML. To manage all those UI widgets android
XML manager is used. It manages all the XML or indirectly the UI elements and provide
a better look to the app.