Mobile Operating System (Android)

Android
- Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of Linux. Open
Handset Alliance (OHA) developed the Android and Google commercially sponsored
it. Unlike iOS, Android is open-source software, allowing developers and
manufacturers to use the software without paying any royalty and they can tweak
around the overall user-experience.

- Andy Rubin founded Android Incorporation in Palo Alto, California, United States

in October, 2003.

- The key employees of Android Incorporation are Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Chris

White and Nick Sears.

- In August 17 2005, Google acquired Android Incorporation.

- In 2007, Google announces the development of android OS.

- In 2008, HTC (HTC Dream) or T-Mobile G1 was launched. It was the first
smartphone that runs on Android operating system, with no headphone jack and
required an adapter.

- Originally intended for camera but shifted to smart phones later because of low
market for camera only.

Android Logo
- Irina Blok created the now-familiar logo for the Android OS while working for
Google. It looks like a combination of a robot and a green bug.

- One of her inspirations for the final design for the Android mascot was the familiar
restroom logos representing “Men” and “Women.”

Android Version History

 Android 1.0 -1.1 (No Code Name)

- Android 1.0 is released on September 23, 2008 with an application programming

interface 1 or API 1, and Android 1.1 is released on February 9, 2009 with API 2.
Features
 • Google Maps
• YouTube
• HTML browser (pre-Chrome) that used Google’s search services
First version of Android Market

 Android version 1.5 (Cupcake)

- Released on April 27, 2009 and it was developed by Google with API 3.

Features
• third-party virtual keyboard
• Video recording and playback
• Copy and paste feature
• Animated screen translations
• auto-rotation option
• ability to upload a video to YouTube
• upload photos to Picasa
check phone usage history.

 Android version 1.6 (Donut)

- Released on September 15, 2009 and it came with the API 4.

Features
• Quick Search Box
• Quick toggling between the Camera, Camcorder, and Gallery
• Power Control widget for managing Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, etc.

 Android version 2.0 to 2.1 (Éclair)

- It came with an API level of 5 to 7 and it was released on October 26, 2009.

Features
• Text-to-speech support
• live wallpapers
• multiple account support
• Google Maps navigation

Motorola Droid was the first phone that sported Android 2.0.

 Android version 2.2 to 2.2.3 (Froyo)

 - Made available to the public on May 20 2010, and it came with API 8.

Features
• Wi-Fi mobile hotspot functions
• Push notifications via Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service
• flash support

- The first smartphone in Android history to carry Google’s Nexus branding — the
Nexus One

 Android version 2.3 to 2.3.7 (Gingerbread)

- Launched on December 6, 2010 with API 9 to 10.

Features
• Support for using near field communication (NFC) functions
• Support for multiple cameras and video chat support within Google Talk.

- The first phone to sport both Gingerbread and NFC hardware was the Nexus S, co-
developed by Google and Samsung.

 Android version 3.0 to 3.2.6 (Honeycomb)

- Honeycomb was created for tablets and other mobile devices with larger displays.
Released on February 22, 2011 and it came with API 11 to 13.

Features
• Redesigned UI for large screens
• Notification bar on the bottom of a tablet’s display.

 Android version 4.0 to 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich)

- Released on October 18, 2011 and it came with an API version from 14 to 15.

Features
• “Favorites tray” on the home screen
• Unlocking a phone by using its camera to take a picture of its owner’s face
• Support for all on-screen buttons
• Swipe gestures to dismiss notifications and browser tabs
• Ability to monitor your data usage over mobile and Wi-Fi.

 Android version 4.1 to 4.3.1 (Jelly Bean)

 - Got official on July 9, 2012 and it came with an API of 16 to 18.

Features
• New notification features that displayed more content or action buttons
• Full support for the Android version of Google’s Chrome web browser.
• “Project Butter” was introduced to speed up animations and improve Android’s touch
responsiveness.
• External Displays and Miracast also gained support, as did HDR photography.

 Android version 4.4 to 4.4.4: (KitKat)

- Its code name was "Key Lime Pie“. KitKat didn’t have many new features, but it did
have one thing that helped expand the overall Android market. It optimized Android
to run on smartphones with as little as 512 MB of RAM. This allowed phone makers
to use the latest version of Android on much cheaper handsets.

- Google’s Nexus 5 smartphone was the first with Android 4.4 pre-installed.

 Android version 5.0 to 5.1.1 (Lollipop)

- Lollipop was a major shakeup in the overall look of the operating system. It was the
first version of the OS that used Google’s new Material Design language. It made
liberal use of lighting and shadow effects, among other things, to simulate a paper-
like look for the Android user interface. The UI also got some other upgrades,
including a revamped navigation bar, rich notifications for the lock screen, and much
more.

 Android version 6.0 - 6.0.1 (Marshmallow)

- It included features such as a new vertically scrolling app drawer, along with Google
Now on Tap, native support for fingerprint biometric unlocking, USB-C support, the
introduction of Android Pay (now Google Pay), and much more.

- The first devices that shipped with Marshmallow pre-installed were Google’s Nexus
6P and Nexus 5X smartphones. It also came on the Pixel C tablet.

 Android version 7.0 to 7.1.2 (Nougat)

- It was the major release for the Android operating system. Its initial codename was
Android N “New York Cheesecake”. Nougat’s many new features included better
multi-tasking functions for the growing number of smartphones with bigger displays,
 such as split-screen mode, along with quick switching between apps. It switched to a
new JIT compiler to speed up apps

- The company’s own Pixel and Pixel XL, along with the LG V20, were the first to be
released with Nougat pre-installed.

 Android version 8.0 to 8.1 (Oreo)

- Android Oreo packed in lots of visual changes to the Settings menu. It also included
native support for picture-in-picture mode, notification channels, new autofill APIs to
better manage passwords and fill data, and much more. Android Oreo first came
installed on Google’s own Pixel 2 phones.

 Android version 9.0 (Pie)

- It has the following features: the clock has moved to the left of the notification bar,
the "screenshot" button has been added, battery percentage always shown on display.

- Pie also included some new features designed to help extend your smartphone’s
battery life.

- Android 9.0 was available first officially for Google’s Pixel phones, but it also
launched on the Essential Phone at the same time.

 Android version 10

- Android 10 had many new features and improvements, as well as several new APIs.
That included support for the rush of then-upcoming foldable phones. Android 10
also introduced a system-wide dark mode, along with new gesture-navigation
controls, a more efficient sharing menu, smart reply features for all messaging apps,
and more control over app-based permissions.

 Android 11

- It is the eleventh big release of Android and 18th version of Android mobile OS

Features included in Android 11

• Conversations: Get all your message in one place.
• Accessibility: Perceptive apps help us to control and navigate our phone using voice
command.
• Device controls: Android 11 allows us to control all our connected devices (IOT) from a
single point.
• Content capture: Android 11 comes with a screen recording feature that captures our
phone's current screen activity.
• Predictive tools: By predicting our habits and patterns of working, it suggests
accordingly.
• Privacy & security: Android 11 gives more security and privacy fixes to our smartphone
straight from Google Play.
• Media: We can play music from other devices connected to our phones.

 Android 12

- Android 12 was officially launched on October 19, 2021, alongside the Pixel 6 series.
Likely the most significant upgrade you’ll notice in this software version is a
complete overhaul of the user interface. Google returned to the drawing board to
create a more dynamic and relatable interface. They’ve called it Material You.

 Android 13

- The internal code name for Android 13 is “Tiramisu”.

- Some of the new features in the early developer and beta builds include a way to
theme your phone’s icons, support for Bluetooth LE Audio, and an updated Now
Playing widget. The OS will also include a revamped silent mode that will take away
everything. This includes vibrations and haptics if someone calls. You can also shut
down app notifications right when you install a new app. The Fast Pair feature will
automatically sense if you have a nearby device, and will ask if you wish to link to it.

 Features of Android

- Interface that is better than the previous touch screen mobiles.

- User gets millions of applications that user cannot get in any other mobile operating
system.
- Android supports advance audio/video/still media formats such as MPEG-4, H.264,
MP3 and AAC, AMR, JPEG, PNG, GIF.
- Developing an android application is not tough using SDK(Standard development kit)
and java emulator we can easily develop applications that we want.
- Android is not a single piece if hardware.
- Android supports wireless communication using:
 3G Network
 4G Networks
 802.11 Wi-fi Networks
 Bluetooth connectivity
- Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and parts of the
system) runs in its own process.