THE PROPAGANDISTS

● Those who joined the peaceful campaign were the Filipino exiles of 1872, the Patriots
who left the islands to escape persecution and those who had been to Spain for their
studies.
● The propagandists were young Filipinos in their twenties or thirties.
● They came from the best and brightest, and the richest families in the Philippines.
● They were mostly college students or professionals.
● All were men of intelligence, courage and patriotism.
● Today, they are known as great Flipino heroes.

PROPAGANDISTS

1. JOSE RIZAL
● Physician-novelist, and now National hero of the Philippines.
● His prestige was greatly enhanced by the publication of his socio-historical novel Noli Me
Tangere in 1887.
● The Noli reflected the defects of the Spanish rule in the Philippines, particularly the
abuses of the friars.
● His second novel El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent in 1891
● Founder of La Liga Flipina (the Philippine League).

2. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

● lawyer-journalist from the town of Bulacan
● In 1882, he helped established the first bilingual newspaper, the Diariong Tagalog and
become editor of the tagalog section;
● He released Dasalan at Toksohan (Prayers and mockeries), a manual anti clerical
commentary in the format of novena;
● He parodied the Lord's prayer, Hail Mary, the Apostles Creed, the Ten Commandment,
the act of Contrition and Catechism.
● He left the Philippines in October 1888 to escape the prosecution of the friars.

3. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

● orator, like Del Pilar, parodied religious literature in his satire.
● he wrote Fray Botod or Friar Potbelly (circa 1874) where he ridiculed a cleric named
Fray Botod,who arrived looking like a hungry mosquito and soon became stout because
of the stocks taken from the people
● He moved to Madrid where he joined other Filipino expatriates into journalism.

4. MARIANO PONCE- Physician journalist

5. ANTONIO LUNA- Pharmacist and essayist.
6. JUAN LUNA- painter, known for his monumental painting Spoliarum
7. FELIK RESSURECTION HIDALGO- painter acclaimed for his masterpiece Virgenes
Christians Expuestas al Populacho. (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Rabble)
8. Dr. PEDRO A. PATERNO- lawyer, poet and historian.
9. JOSE Ma. PANGANIBAN- linguist and essayist.
10. JOSE ALEJANDRINO- engineer and writer
11. FERNANDO CANON- engineer, poet and musician.
12. PEDRO SERRANO LAKTAW- teacher and lexicographer (teacher-tutor of Prince Alfonso
de Bourbon, later King Alfonse XIll of Spain)
13. ISABELO DELOS REYES- folklorist and newspaperman (historian and journalist)
14. DOMINADOR GOMEZ- physician-orator,

La Solidaridad (solidarity)

● La Solidaridad, a purely Filipino organization was established in Barcelona on December

31, 1888.
● This took place at a traditional Eve banquet with Galicano Apacible as President,
Graciano Lopez Jaena as Vice President, RIZAL Who was in London during that time,
was named Honorary President.
● Graciano Lopez Jaena founded a fortnightly newspaper, La Solidaridad in Barcelona on
February 15, 1889.
● Marcelo Del Pilar, recently arrived from the Philippines joined the group and helped
prepare the issues.