Execution of 3 Filipino martyr priests:

GOMEZ, BURGOS, ZAMORA

Leads to a new era

The Reform Movement

Began in 1882 and lasted

Lead to the founding of the
to early months of 1896 revolutionary KATIPUNAN.

Propagandists waged
their war againts Spain Philippines as province of Spain
but it failed
THE ROLE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS

The economic development of the Philippines in the 19th

century led to the arise of the middle class.

Spanish and Chinese mestizos

Became leaders in finance and education

But spanish authorities looked down upon them for they did
not belong to the inner circle of PENINSULARES (spaniards born
in spain) whose prerogative was to rule and govern.
For the Spanish the Philippines was a sort of caste consisting of
two well-defined classes:

✓Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain

✓Insulares: Spaniards born in the Philippines

▪ Ipso facto inferior: anyone who is born in the Philippines

▪ Indios: native Filipinos

Governor-General Basilio Augustin : called for the loyalty and

aid of the indios in 1898 that the latter were called Filipinos.
THE NATURE OF THE REFORM MOVEMENT

The reformer believes that Filipinos would be better off if they

were to become Spanish citizens enjoying all the rights and
privileges of the latter. As Spanish citizens, they would then be
immune from the abuses of the Spaniards and be freed from
paying unreasonable taxes. Such program constituted what has
been known as assimilation.

The rich and the intellectuals, then, were reformers,

not revolutionists, for they believed in the power of
words, and not of the sword, to achieve their
purpose.
THE GREAT REFORMISTS
These were serious minded young men whose faith in their
country was boundless, whose idealism in a corrupt age
made them think of the welfare of their country first and
their personal welfare last.

❑Graciano Lopez Jaena

❑Marcelo H. del Pilar
❑Jose Rizal
❑Antonio Luna
❑Mariano Ponce
❑Eduardo de Lete
 • Born in Jaro, Ilo-ilo on
Dec. 17, 1856

• Son of Placido Lopez

and Maria Jacobo Jaena
• Fray Botod
• Manhunt
• 1880: left for Spain
• 1891-Discuraos y • A great Orator
Articulos Varios • 1882-celebration of international
• Tuberculosis Congress of Commercial Geography
• January 20, 1896
• 1883- 391st anniversary of the discovery of America
• Editor of La Solidaridad
 “Greatest journalist
produced by the purely
Filipino race.”

Born in the barrio of Kupang,

Bulacan, on August 30, 1850

He studied at the College of San

Jose and later At the University of
Santo Tomas where he finished His
law studies in 1880.
Works:
He became the editor of La
In 1882, he founded the Tagalog-Spanish Solidaridad.
Newspaper Diariong Tagalog which
published suggestions on how to improve 2 famous books:
the administration of the country.
La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas
In 1888, the Spanish Friars of Bulakan (Friar Sovereignty in the Philippines)
persuaded the Spanish officials to arrest La Frailocracia Filipina ( The Friars in
del Pilar. the Philippines)
• Political analyst of the Filipino in Spain
• 1878- Mariana del Pilar
• 1880-country’s evangelist
• Master of Tagalog
• Caiigat Cayo

Parody:
• Amain Namin
• Ten Commandments
• Dasalan at toksohan

• October 1888
• December 1889
• Under Pilar the aims of Sol were expanded. To include:
– The removal of friars and the secularization of the
parishes
– Active participation in the affairs of the government
– Freedom of speech of the press of assembly
– Wider social and political freedom
– Equality before the law
– Assimilation
– Representation of Spanish Corte’s

July 4,1896
 He was born in
Kalamba,
Laguna, on June
19,1861.
He studied at the
Ateneo de municipal
and, later, In the
University of Santo
Tomas.
He is the Great Thinker and
Writer.
• In 1882, he went to Spain with the
help of his elder brother and uncle.

Works:

• He is known for his two novels Noli

mi Tangere And El Filibusterismo.
• He founded the La liga Filipina.
• “Sa aking kababata”
• Mother was a victim of Gross injustice and was
imprisoned

• 1882- he left for spain

• Noli Me Tangere
• Maximo Viola (300 for 2000 copies)

• 1891- El Filibusterismo
• Valentin Ventura
• 1887-returned to the Phil.
• Early 1892- Fort Snatiago
• July 7, 1892- Dapitan
La Solidaridad

With the arrival of

Marcelo H. del Pilar in
Barcelona on New
Year’s Day, 1889, the
founding of a Filipino
organ gained
acceptance from all
Filipinos in Spain.
• On February 15, 1889, the first number of La
Solidaridad came out in Barcelona.
• Lopez Jaena: the first editor, but he turned
over its management to del Pilar in
December 1889.
• The birth of this paper reached the
Philippines within two months and soon the
nationalists began sending their
contributions to Spain. The periodical came
out regularly every 15 days.
The Filipino reformists used pen names.
Rizal: Dimas Alang and Laong Laan
Mariano Ponce: Tikbalang, Naning,
Kalipulako
Antonio Luna: Taga-Ilog
del Pilar: Plaridel
Jose Ma. Panganiban: Jomapa

Last number dated: November 15, 1895

Pro-Filipino Societies

In 1882, they organized the Circulo

Hispano-Filipino (The Spanish-Filipino
Circle) Revista del Circulo Hispano-
Filipino (Journal of the Spanish-Filipino
Circle)
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina that was
inaugurated In 1889. Their aspiration
was “to work for the material and
moral improvement of the
Philippines.”
Masonry and it’s Role

Masonry was popular in Europe, even

in Spain. Lopez Jaena was very active in
Mansory. He founded the lodge of
Revolucion in Barcelona in 1899. The
following year another lodge La
Solidaridad (not to be confused with
the newspaper) was founded in
Masonic Lodge – Nilad in Manila
Aims:
• 1. To work for freedom and
prosperity of the Philippines.
• 2. To work for good
government.
• 3. To ask for representation to
the Spanish Cortes.
• 4. To make the Philippines a
La Liga Filipina

Almost simulaneously with the introduction of

Masonry in the Philippines, a civic society
calles La Propaganda was established.

On the night of July 3, 1892, at a house in

Tondo, Rizal founded and inaugurated La Liga
Filipina.

Elected were:
President: Ambrosio Salvador
Fiscal: Agustin de la Rosa
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
Secretary: Deodato Arellano
Elected were:
• President: Ambrosio Salvador
• Fiscal: Agustin de la Rosa
• Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
• Secretary: Deodato Arellano
Aims:

1. To unite the whole archipelago into one

compact, vigorous and homogeneous
body
2. Mutual protection in every want and
necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of instruction,
agriculture, and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms
• The aims were to be carried out through the
creation of a governing body composed of
the Supreme Council, Provincial Council,
Popular Council. The members were each to
pay ten centavos as monthly dues. Each of
the member was free to choose a symbolic
name.
Innocent as the society was, the Spanish
authorities considered it dangerous and on
the night of July 6, 1892, Rizal was secretly
arrested.

On the following day, ordered Rizal’s

deportation to Dapitan. Governor-General
Eulogio Despujol
The Liga disappeared for a while but some
members continued to support it. New set
of officers were elected.
• President: Domingo Franco
• Secretary-Treasurer: Deodato Arellano
• Fiscal: Isidoro Francisco
• Members: Juan Zulueta and Timoteo
Paez (members of
the Supreme Council)
• Later on, Mabini became the Liga’s
secretary.
Why Reform movement failed?

Spanish high officials were too

busy with their own problems
to listen to the reformist
Why Reform movement failed?

The reformists did not have

enough financial means to
make their campaign effective
Why Reform movement failed?

The reformists themselves

were not united
“When you are important to other person,
that person will always find a way to make
time for you, no excuses, no lies, no
broken promises”