Chapter 21.

1 – Second Homecoming
1. It must be fought in the Philippines, not in Spain. "The battlefield is in the Philippines."
a. "I believe that La Solidaridad is no longer our battlefield; now it is a new struggle. . . the
fight is no longer in Madrid". – a letter to Blumentritt. December 31, 1891
2. Rizal's first return to Manila. - August 1887
3. Rizal's second return to Manila with his widowed sister Lucia (wife of Mariano Herbosa) - June
26, 1892, Sunday 12 noon
a. He went and stayed at Hotel de Oriente, room no. 22 facing the church of Binondo.
b. At 4 o’clock he went to Malacañang to meet the Spanish governor general, General
Eulogio Despujol, Conde de Caspe
i. He was asked to go back at night, 7 o’clock.
c. At 7 pm he returned to Malacañang, and they agreed to pardon his father.
i. But not his whole family.
ii. He was asked to return on Wednesday, June 29, 1892.
d. After talking with the General he visited his sisters.
i. First is Narcisa (Sisa, wife of Antonio Lopez)
ii. Second is Neneng (Saturnina, wife of Manuel Hidalgo)
4. Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban Station to visit his friends– June 27, 1892, 6 pm; to:
a. Malolos (Bulacan)
b. San Fernando (Pampanga),
c. Tarlac (Tarlac),
d. Bacoor (Pampanga).
5. Rizal boarded a train to go home the next day – June 28, 1892, 5 pm
a. He was shadowed by the government spies.
b. The homes he visited were raided by the Guardia Civil
i. They seized some copies of Noli and Fili with some subversive pamphlets.
6. Rizal had another interview with General Despujol – June 29, 1892, Wednesday 7:30
a. He didn’t succeed in lifting his penalty of exile
b. Because it’s the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, their interview ended at 9:15
7. Rizal came to Malacañang again the next day – June 30, 1892, Thursday 7:30
a. They talked about the question of Borneo.
i. The general was very much opposed to it.
ii. He was asked to comeback on Sunday (July 3)
8. Rizal went to the palace again – July 3, 1892, Sunday
a. He thanked the general for lifting the exile of his sisters.
b. He told the general that his brother and father would arrive on the first boat.
c. The general asked Rizal if he wants to go abroad, in Hong Kong
i. Rizal said yes
ii. He was asked to return on Wednesday.

Chapter 21.2 – The Liga Filipina

1. Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at the home of the Chinese-Filipino
mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco, on Ylaya Street, Tondo, Manila – July 3, 1892,
Sunday evening (after his morning interview with Governor General Despujol)
a. The patriots present:
● Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira), a Mason and
schoolteacher
● Domingo Franco (Felipe Leal), Mason and tobacco shopkeeper
 ● Jose A. Ramos (Socorro), engraver, printer, owner of Bazar Gran
Bretaña, and first Worshipful Master of Nilad, first Filipino
masonic lodge
● Ambrosio Salvador. gobernadorcillo of Quiapo and Mason
● Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem), dentist and Mason
● Deodato Arellano, brother-in-law of M.H. del Pilar and civilian
employee in the army
● Ambrosio Flores (Musa), retired lieutenant of infantry
● Agustin de la Rosa, bookkeeper, and Mason
● Moises Salvador (Araw), contractor and Mason
● Luis Villareal. tailor and Mason
● Faustino Villarruel (flow) pharmacist and Mason
● Mariano Crisostomo, landlord
● Numeriano Adrian (Ipil), notary public and Mason
● Estanislao Legaspi, artisan and Mason
● Teodoro Plata, court clerk and Mason
● Andres Bonifacio, warehouse employee
● Apolinano Mabini (Katabay). lawyer and Mason
● Juan Zulueta, playwright, poet, and government employee
b. Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipino
i. A civic league of Filipinos
c. He presented the “Constitution of the Liga Filipina” (which he wrote in
Hong Kong)
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and
homogenous body
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture. and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms
d. The officers of The Liga Filipina (They had jurisdiction over the whole
country. There was a Provincial Council in every province and a Popular
Council in every town.)
● Ambrosio Salvador, president
● Deodato Arellano, secretary
● Bonifacio Arevalo, treasurer
● Agustin de la Rosa, fiscal
e. The motto of the Liga Filipina
i. Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)
f. Membership of the Liga Filipina
i. Filipinos who have at heart the welfare of their fatherland are
qualified for membership
ii. Every member pays an entrance of two pesos and a monthly due
of 10 centavos
g. The duties of the Liga members
i. obey the orders of the Supreme Council
ii. help in recruiting new members
iii. keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities
iv. have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes
president of his council
v. report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the
Liga
vi. behave well as befits a good Filipino; and (7) to help fellow
members in all ways
2. Rizal was arrested and jailed in Fort Santiago after his visit to Malacañang– July
6 1892, Wednesday
a. General Despujol showed Leaflets to Rizal (allegedly found in Lucia’s
pillowcases)
i. The leaflets were entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars)
● Authored by Fr. Jacinto
● Printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila
● It is a satire against the rich Dominican Friars
b. Despite Rizal’s denial, he was placed under arrest.
i. He was escorted to fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol (nephew of
the general.)
c. Rizal was assigned in a furnished room with a bed, a dozen chairs, one
table, a wash basin, and a mirror.
i. The room had three windows;
ii. Two artillery men as sentinels guarded it. They had orders to fire
on anyone who might signal from the beach.
iii. Rizal could not write nor speak with anyone except the officer on
duty.
3. Rizal’s arrest was published in Gaceta de Manila – July 7, 1892, Monday
a. It produced indignant commotion among the Filipino people, particularly
the members of the newly organized Liga Filipina
b. The same issue contained the general’s decree on deporting Rizal to one
of the islands in the south. Reason for his deportation:
i. Rizal had published books and articles abroad which showed
disloyalty to Spain and which were "frankly anti-Catholic" and
"imprudently anti-friar”
ii. A few hours after his arrival in Manila "there was found in one of
the packages. . . a bundle of handbills entitled Pobres Frailes in
which the patient and humble generosity of Filipinos is satirized,
and which accusation is published against the customs of the
religious orders”
iii. His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three
"traitors" (Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora), and on the title page he
wrote that in view of the vices and errors of the Spanish
administration, "the only salvation for the Philippines was
separation from the mother country”
iv. "The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear
from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasures of our holy Catholic
faith"
4. Under heavy guard, Rizal was brought to the steamer Cebu under captain
Delgras which was sailing to Dapitan – Midnight of July 14, 1892 (12:30 am of
July 15, 1892)
a. Departed on July 15, 1892 1 am
b. Reached Dapitan on Sunday, July 17, 1892, 7 pm.
5. Captain Delgras handed Rizal over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero (Spanish
commandant of Dapitan) – July 17, 1892
a. He began his exile in Dapitan
b. It lasted until July 31, 1896; a period of four years