PHILIPPINE

HISTORY
WEEK 3
LIBERALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
• IN 1868. a revolution took place in Spain, the revolutionist were
against the autocratic reign of Queen Isabel II.
• The revolutionist won, as a result the Republic of Spain was born.
• 1869, Governador-General Carlos Maria de la Torre arrive in Manila,
he put into practice the liberal principles of revolutionist in Spain.
THE RETURN OF AUTOCRACY
- The republic of Spain ended in 1870 when the monarchy is restored
and a new king assumed the Spanish throne.
- Monarchist officials in Spain sent to the Philippines some like-
minded Spaniards to take over the leadership in the Philippines.
- 1871 Rafael de Izquierdo became the Gobernador-heneral of the
Philippines replacing de la Torre.
THE CAMPAIGN FOR SECULARIZATION
Two classes of Priesthood:
a. Regular priest- belonged to religious order.
b. Secular priest- convert people of locality to Christianity

• Friar-curates- friars or members of the religious orders not

only made converts to Christian but they also occupied
parishes
• Secularization movement- (a.k.a Filipinization) nationalizing
the catholic church by replacing the friars with native secular
priest.
Leader of the Campaign:
1. Fr. Pedro Pablo Pelaez (1872-
1863)
2. Fr. Jose Burgos ( 1837- 1872)
Other priest involved:
3. Mariano Gomez
4. Toribio del Pilar
5. Mariano Sevilla
6. Pedro Dandan
7. Jose Guevarra
THE CAVITE MUTINY:
- January 20, 1872
- This mutiny was caused by the revocation of the privilege of shipyard
workers to be exempted from force labor and paying tribute by
Gobernador-Heneral Izquierdo.
- The mutinees were led by sergeant La Madrid.
- The government believe that the mutiny was a rebellion , they ordered to
arrest Filipinos and mestizo who were allegedly behind it, among those
arrested was fathers Burgos, Mariano, Gomez, Zamora, Dandan, Toribio del
Pilar, Mariano Sevilla, Agustin Mendoza, Jose Guevarra. Among the civilian
arrested were, Pedro Carillo, Antonio Regidor, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and
others.
THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA

- Gomburza was jailed in Fort Santiago

- They were sentenced to death by garrote.
- February 17, 1872 the three priest marched from Fort
Santiago to Bagong Bayan Field.
- People who witness the event took their hats and knelt
to pray for the souls of the innocent priest.
THE CAMPAIGN FOR
REFORMS
THE REFORM MOVEMENT
-1882 Propaganda Movement (reform movement) lasted up to the early month of
1892
- Jose Rizal founded La Liga Filipina.
Other propaganda group:
- Circulo Hispano Filipino - Cavite de Propaganda
- Assosacion Hispano-Filipino

Aims of the Movement:

1. To assimilate the Philippines as province of Spain.
2. Filipinos would become Spanish citizen
3. As a Spanish citizen, Filipinos could not be treated cruelly by friars and Spanish
civil authorities
4. Philippines must be represented in the Spanish law making body
FILIPINO REFORMIST
The three great triumvirates:
1. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
2. Graciano Lopez Jaena
3. Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitan

Other Reformist
4. Jose Ma. Panganiban
5. Antonio Luna
6. Mariano Ponce
7. Eduardo de Lete
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
- Born in jaro, Iloilo on December 18, 1856
- Son of Placido Lopez and Maria Jacobo Jaena
- Wrote a long story about a specific priest name Fray Botod
who was greedy, immoral and cruel. This story circulated in
Iloilo and soon the friars hated him for it.
- 1889 he founded the fortnightly newspaper La Solidaridad
and became its first editor
- Copies of La Solidaridad is sent secretly in the Philippines
and distributed to educated Filipinos
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

- Born in Cupang Bulacan, Bulacan on August 30, 1850

- Studied at The College of San Jose and later at the University of Sto.
Tomas where he finished his law studies in 1880
- In the same year, he begin his campaign against the abuses of the Spanish
friar and the Spanish civil officials.
- 1882 he founded the fist ever Tagalog-Spanish newspaper Diariong
Tagalog

Two Famous books of Del Pilar:

1. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas
2. La Frailocracia Filipina
JOSE RIZAL

-born in Calamba, Laguna aon June 19, 1861

- Studied at Ateneo Municipal and later at the University of Sto.
Tomas and went to Europe to continue his medical studies
- 1882 he went to Spain with the help of his uncle and elder brother
- Studies several language like Spanish, French, Latin, Greek,
German, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian, English and Japanese.
- At the age of 26, he wrote his first novel Noli me Tangere and later
on it’s sequel El Filibusterismo
- Founded La Liga