CHAPTER 5

NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the 6 hours period students are expected to:
1. Write the correct chemical formula of a compound
2. Name the given chemical compound
3. Balance the chemical equations
4. Write a complete balance chemical equation
5. Explain the following laws:
a. Law of the Conservation of Mass
b. Law of Definite Proportion
c. Law of Multiple Proportions

Competency:
Writing a complete balance equation

Topic outline:
Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
Metals with fixed oxidation state
Law of definite proportion
Metals with variable oxidation state
Law of multiple proportions
Naming acids
Naming salts
Naming bases
The Chemical Equation and Information
Balancing
Law of conservation of mass
Types of chemical reaction

I. NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

In formula writing the following laws are applied:
Law of Definite Proportion:
It tates that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion
of elements by mass. An equivalent statement is the law of constant composition, which
states that all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition
8
by mass. For example, oxygen makes up about /9 of the mass of any sample of pure water,
1
while hydrogen makes up the remaining /9 of the mass. Along with the law of multiple
proportions, the law of definite proportions forms the basis of stoichiometry.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_definite_proportions)
Law of Multiple Proportions:
It states that when two elements combine with each other to form more than one compound,
the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of the other are in a ratio of small
whole numbers. For example, there are five distinct oxides of nitrogen, and the weights of
oxygen in combination with 14 grams of nitrogen are, in increasing order, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40
grams, or in a ratio of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The law was announced (1804) by the English
chemist John Dalton. (http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/397165/law-of-multiple-proportions)

BINARY COMPOUNDS CONTAINING TWO NONMETALS

The general rule in naming binary compounds take an –ide ending on the last element with the
highest electronegativity. Except for ammonia, NH3 in which the most positive part is written first.
If two nonmetals combine to form only one compound, the compound is simply named by writing
the name of the second element with an –ide ending. Hydrogen is not treated as metal even though it

45
 behaves like a metal. It can form a binary compound with another nonmetal some examples are written
below with their corresponding chemical formula and names.

Chemical formula Chemical Name

HCl - hydrogen chloride
H 2S - hydrogen sulfide
H 2O - hydrogen oxide

Some binary compounds of two nonmetals have common names, such as water for H2O and
ammonia for NH3.
For other binary compounds of this type, where more than one binary compound can be formed
from two elements, The Greek prefixes, as listed in Table 1, are used with each element. The mono prefix
is not used with the first element.

Greek Prefixes:
Greek Prefix Number

mono- 1

di- 2

tri- 3

tetra- 4

penta- 5

hexa- 6

hepta- 7

octa- 8

nona- 9

deca- 10

Note: The content inside the table must be memorized.

Binary Compounds Containing a Metal and a Nonmetal

A. Metals with Fixed Oxidation State
The metals with fixed oxidation numbers are the IA and IIA metals, and in some IIB metals like Al,
Zn, and Ag. All other metals have variable oxidation numbers. The names of compounds in which the
metal has a fixed oxidation number are simply written. In writing the formulas of compounds you must
know the valence electron or oxidation state. Consider the given examples (note that no prefixes are
used);
Chemical formula Oxidation State Chemical Name
NaCl Na is+1, Cl is -1 sodium chloride

46
 MgO Mg is +2, O is -2 magnesium oxide
AgBr Ag is +1, Br is -1 silver bromide
CaH2 Ca is +2, H is -1 calcium hydride
Be3N2 Be is +2, N is -3 beryllium nitride

B. Metals with Variable Oxidation State

Except for those above mentioned examples ( IA and IIA metals, Al, Zn, Ag), all metals have
variable oxidation numbers . A metal of this type when combined with a nonmetal, the oxidation state
must be indicated in the name. There are two methods of doing this that we shall consider here.
b.1. In the classical system, an -ic ending is used on the name of the metal with the highest
oxidation state and an –ous is used for the lowest. Some of the metal used their Greek or Latin names.
The disadvantage of using this system is the name does not give any indication of the actual oxidation
state; only if it’s is higher or lower. Also, for metals with more than two possible oxidation numbers, it
cannot be used.
b.2. The newer stock system , or Roman numeral system, the actual oxidation state of the
metal is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the name of the metal and
the nonmetal is name separated with a space. Consider the following examples below:, using the two
systems;

Chemical formula Oxidation State Classical Name Stock Name

FeO Fe is + +2, O is -2 ferrous oxide iron(II) oxide
Fe(CN)3 Fe is +3, CN is -1 ferric cyanide iron (III) cyanide
Cu2O Cu is +1, O is -2 cuprous oxide copper(I) oxide
CuO Cu is +2, O is -2 cupric oxide copper(II) oxide
PbS Pb is +2, S is -2 plumbous sulfide lead(II) sulfide
PbO2 Pb is +4, O is -2 plumbic oxide lead (IV) oxide
SnCl2 Sn is +2, Cl is -1 stannous chloride tin(II) chloride
SnF4 Sn is +4, F is -1 Stannic fluoride tin(IV) fluoride

C. Compounds Named Like Binary Compounds

The following compounds are named like binary compounds:
+ +
1. Ammonium (NH4 ) compounds – the cation NH4 acts like a metal that covalently bond with a
nonmetal; for example ammonium bromide, NH4Br.
- -
2. Cyanide (CN ) compounds – the CN anion acts as a nonmetal tat combined with a metal; for example
ammonium cyanide,NH4CN.
- –
3. Hydroxide (OH ) compounds – the OH anion covalently bond with metal to form bases; example is
sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

Naming Acids
An acid is a compound consisting of hydrogen combined with a non-metallic element or with a
polyatomic ion that has a negative oxidation number. In the formula for an acid, hydrogen is always
listed as the first element. (The only exception to this is water, H2O)

47
 There are several types of acids encountered in chemistry: binary acids, oxygen containing acids,
and organic acids. Their names are well established in traditional origins and there has been no
acceptable systematic scheme for naming these substances.

A. Binary or Non-oxygen Acids

+
Acids are compounds that yield or donate hydrogen ions (H ) in a water solution. For example,
when the gas hydrogen chloride (HCl) is placed in water, it forms hydrochloric acid. For acids of this
type, the prefix hydro is added and the –ide ending is replaced by –ic acid. Consider the following
examples:

Chemical formula Chemical Name Name of Acid formed in H2O solution

H 2S hydrogen sulfide hydrosulfuric acid
HCN hydrogen cyanide hydrocyanic acid
HBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acid
HI hydrogen iodide hydroiodic acid
B. Oxygen-containing Acids
Oxygen-containing acids consist of three elements: hydrogen, a non-metal, and oxygen. If there
are only two common forms of the acid, suffixes -ous and -ic are used to denote different oxidation states
of the non-metal. Oxygen-containing acids are named by using the stem name of the non-metal
element (the middle element) with an -ous ending if the element is in its lower oxidation state or an
-ic ending if the element is in its higher oxidation state, followed by the word acid.

Examples:
1. HNO2 is named nitrous acid (the oxidation number of N = +3)
2. HNO3 is named nitric acid (the oxidation number of N = +5)
(NOTE: Nitrogen only forms these two acids.)
3. H2SO3 is named sulfurous acid (the oxidation number of S = +4)
4. H2SO4 is named sulfuric acid (the oxidation number of S = +6)
(NOTE: These are the most common oxygen acids of sulfur.)
5. H3PO3 is named phosphorous acid (the oxidation state of P = +3)
6. H3PO4 is named phosphoric acid (the oxidation state of P = +5)
(NOTE: These are the most common oxygen acids of phosphorus.)

NOTE: There is no molecular form of carbonic acid, H2CO3. An aqueous solution of carbon dioxide,CO2, contains
hydrogen carbonate ions, HCO3 -, and hydrogen ions, H+. Sometimes an element may form more than two oxygen-
containing acids. In these cases, additional prefixes hypo- and per- are used. An example of this is chlorine which
forms the acids: HClO, HClO2, HClO3, and HClO4. The most common oxygen acids of chlorine are:
HClO2 which is named chlorous acid
HClO3 which is named chloric acid
In the case of HClO, which contains one atom of oxygen less than chlorous acid, HClO2, (the –ous
ending acid) chlorine has a lower oxidation number and the prefix hypo- is added to the -ous acid name.
This results in the name hypochlorous acid for HClO. In the case of HClO4, the acid contains one more
oxygen than chloric acid, HClO3, (the acid with the name ending in -ic) chlorine has a higher oxidation
number and the prefix per- is added to the -ic acid name. This results in the name perchloric acid for
HClO4.

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Practice: These names of the oxygen-containing halogen acids are summarized in the following
examples: calculate the oxidation numbers of Cl in the following acids.
1. HClO = hypochlorous acid (oxidation no. of Cl = _________)
2. HClO2 = chlorous acid (oxidation no. of Cl = _________)
3. HClO3 = chloric acid (oxidation no. of Cl = _________)
4. HClO4 = perchloric acid (oxidation no. of Cl = _________)

Similar names are used for the acids formed by bromine and iodine, the two elements that are found in
the same family below chlorine in the periodic table.
HBrO = hypobromous acid HIO = hypoiodous acid
HBrO3 = bromic acid HIO3 = iodic acid
HBrO4 = perbromic acid HIO4 = periodic acid
(Note: HBrO2 and HIO2 are not stable and do not exist.)
Naming of Salts of Oxygen Acids
Salts are compounds formed when one or more of the replaceable hydrogen is replaced by a cation
(metal or positive polyatomic ion) or when one o more hydroxide ions of a base is replaced by an anion
(nonmetal or negative polyatomic ion).
The names of the salts are directly related to the formulas and names of the oxyacids using the following
general rules.
+ +
1. Since the H ion has +1 oxidation state, the charge on the oxyanion is equal to the number of H that
can be dissociated in water by a molecule of the acid.
2. An –ous acid always forms an -ite salt, an -ic always forms an –ate salt.
2-
Applying these rules, we can see that since sulfuric acid is H2SO4, the sulfate ion is SO4 or since
_
HNO2 is nitrous acid NO2 is the nitrite.
Common Oxyacids, Oxyanions, and an Example of a Salt of each

ACID OXYANION EXAMPLE OF SALT

FORMULA NAME FORMULA NAME FORMULA NAME

2-
H2SO3 sulfurous acid SO3 sulfite MgSO3 magnesium sulfite
2-
H2SO4 sulfuric acid SO4 sulfate K2SO4 potassium sulfate
2-
H2CO3 carbonic acid CO3 carbonate CaCO3 calcium carbonate
3-
H3PO3 phosphorous acid PO3 phosphite Na3PO3 sodium phosphite
3-
H3PO4 phosphoric acid PO4 phosphate Mg3(PO4)2 magnesium phosphate

If a salt is formed from an acid that contained two or more acid hydrogen atoms without replacing
all of the hydrogens, then a hydrogen salt is formed. Such salts contain the word hydrogen, or the prefix
bi-, in the middle of the salt names. (The use of hydrogen is currently preferred.) Prefixes are also used to
distinguish compounds where three hydrogens were replaceable.
Examples:
1.) NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate
-
(The HCO3 polyatomic ion is formed from a hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3 )
2.) NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate
(These hydrogen phosphate ions Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate are formed from
phosphoric. Also known as sodium hydrogen phoshate acid, H3PO4 )

49
Naming Hydroxides
These are compounds that contain the –OH group. They are commonly called bases, alkalies or
just hydroxides. These are substances that donate their OH in water solution. That is, bases increase
-
the hydroxide ion in solution. To name this type of compound it must be remembered that OH group
bares a -1 oxidation state. For metals also with variable oxidation states we must indicate the oxidation
number in the name. Consider the following examples:
Chemical formula Chemical Name
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Mg (OH)2 magnesium hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxide or iron (II) hydroxide
Sn(OH)4 stannic hydroxide or tin (IV) hydroxide

II. THE CHEMICAL EQUATION AND THE INFORMATION IT CONVEYS

Chemical equation is a notation that shows what substances are reacting (reactants) and what
new substances are produced (products). It is a shorthand notation for a chemical reaction. It also
describes the physical state of the reactants and products as solid, liquid, or gas.
Most importantly, the relative number of moles of reactants and products appears in the equation.
According to the law of conservation of mass, matter cannot be either gained or lost in the process of a
chemical reaction. The total mass of the products must be equal to the total mass of the reactants. In
short, the law of conservation of mass tells us that we must have a balanced chemical equation.

Mole is practically defined as a “collection” of atoms or it is the amount of a substance in grams,

23
which contains Avogadro’s number (6.02 x 10 ) of units (atoms, molecules, or formula units).
23
1 mol of atoms = 6.02 x 10 atoms of an element

This number is Avogadro’s number. Amadeo Avogadro, a nineteenth-century scientist,

conducted a series of experiments that provide the basis for the mole concept.

The practice of defining a unit for a quantity of small objects is common like a dozen of egg; a
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ream of paper is known examples. Similarly, a mole is 6.02 x 10 individual units of anything.

The mole (mol) and the atomic mass unit (amu) are related. The atomic mass of an element
corresponds to the average mass of a single atom in amu and the mass of a mole of atoms in
grams.

The Features of Chemical Equation

Consider the decomposition of potassium chlorate:
∆
2 KClO → 2 KCl + 3 O

Factors Involved In Writing Chemical Equations:

1. The identity of reactants and products must be specified using chemical symbols or formulas.
2. Reactants are written to the left of the reaction arrow (→), and products are written to the right.
3. The physical states of reactants and products may be shown in parentheses.
Examples: a. Cl2 (g)
b. Al(S)
c. H2O(l)
d. HCl(aq)

50
 4. The symbol ∆ over or under the reaction arrow means that heat energy is necessary for the
reaction to occur.
5. Arrow up (↑) or arrow down (↓) is sometimes used as a symbol for the formation of precipitate
(↓) or evolution of gas (↑) in the product side of the equation.
6. The equation must be balanced.

III. BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATION BY TRIAL AND ERROR (BY INSPECTION)

The chemical equation shows the molar quantity of reactants needed to produce a certain
molar quantity of products.
The relative number of moles of each product and reactant is indicated by placing a whole
number coefficient before the formula of each substance in the chemical equation.
Example:
a) A coefficient of 3 (in 3NaCl) indicates that 3 moles of sodium chloride are involved in
the reaction. It also signifies 3 atoms of sodium and 3 atoms of chlorine involved in
the reaction.
b) 2NH3 means: 2 mol of ammonia involved in the reaction or 2 atom of nitrogen and 6
atoms (2 x 3) of hydrogen are involved in the reaction.
c) 4Fe2(SO4)3 means: 4 mol of ferric sulfate involved in the reaction or 8 atoms (4 x 2) of
iron; 12 atoms (4 x 3) atoms of sulfur and 48 atoms (4 x 12) of oxygen are involved in
the reaction or 8 atoms (4 x 2) of iron and 12 (4 x 3) sulfate ions are involved in the
chemical reaction.
d) H2SO4 would be interpreted as 1 mol of sulfuric acid, or 2 atom of hydrogen; 1 atom
of sulfur; and 4 atoms of oxygen are involved in the reaction.
The following diatomic elements: H2; O2; N2; F2; Br2; Cl2; I2 should be written with subscript of 2 if
they appear in a chemical equation in their free state

Examples:
∆
1) → +

It is balanced as written since:

on the reactant side we have on the product side there are
Ca= 1 atom Ca = 1 atom
C = 1 atom C = 1 atom
O = 3 atoms O2 = 3 atoms

Therefore the law of conservation of mass is obeyed, and the equation is balanced as written.

2) + → +

The equation, as written is not balanced; therefore in must be balanced.

atom Reactants Products
H 1 2
Cl 1 2
Ca 1 1
Since, the number of atoms of elements in the reactant side and product side are not exactly the
same; therefore the chemical equation is not balance.
To balance, a coefficient of 2 must be placed in HCl; therefore the equation becomes
+ → +
To check:
atom Reactants Products
H 2 2
Cl 2 2
Ca 1 1

51
 3) + → +

To balance: place 3 as a coefficient of NaOH in the reactant side to balance the hydroxyl ion,
then the number of sodium atoms becomes 3; to balance the sodium atom, place 3 as a
coefficient of NaCl in the product side, then chlorine atoms becomes 3; check the number of
atoms of chlorine and iron in the product side. Now check if the equation is already balance.
+ → +

atom Reactants Products

Fe 1 1
Cl 3 3
Na 3 3
OH 3 3

Therefore the equation is already balance.

Steps for balancing the equation:

1. Count the number of moles of atoms of each element on both side of the equation
(reactant and product side).
2. Determine which elements are not balanced.
3. Balance one element at a time using coefficients.
4. After you believe that you have successfully balanced the equation, check, as in step one (1), to be
certain that law of conservation of mass has been achieved.

Things to remember in balancing the equation:

1. Any of the 7 diatomic, when appear in a chemical equation in their free state, there should be a
subscript of 2 (H2; O2; N2; F2; Br2; Cl2; I2)
2. In general, a radical such as NO3, SO4, PO4 and others, if not change during chemical reaction, that is
carried from the reactant side to the product side it is better to balance them as one unit.
3. Put coefficients in front or beside the formulas as needed to give the same number of atoms of each
element on both sides of the equation. Do not put the coefficient in between the symbol of element
that make up the compound nor as a subscript.
4. Never change the subscripts in any of the formulas, because that would mean an alteration in the
composition of the substance.
5. Start with the most “complicated” formula.
6. All coefficients must be reduced to lowest whole number.

52
Exercise: Write a balanced equation for the following reactions:

1. Ammonia is formed by the reaction by the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen.

2. Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce water and sodium chloride.
3. Nitric acid reacts with calcium hydroxide to form water and calcium nitrate.
4. Magnesium ribbon reacts with sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen gas and magnesium sulfate.
5. Hydrofluoric acid reacts with silicon dioxide in the process of etching to produce silicon tetrafluoride
and water.

IV. TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Many different chemical reactions occur in biological systems, in industries, and in environment.
Because of this it is useful to classify chemical reactions into general types. We will recognize various
patterns that reactions follow, and this help us to write a chemical equations.

These patterns are the following:

1. Combination reactions that combine reactants to form one product. The reactants can be an
element or a compound
2. Decomposition reaction. Often heat is needed in order for the reaction to occur. There is only one
reactant that is decomposed to produce two or more products.
3. Single replacement (displacement) reaction. Usually it is a reaction between a free metal and an
acid to produce hydrogen gas and a salt solution. Also, a reaction between a free metal and a metal
in solution. For the reaction to occur the free metal should be more active than the metal in solution
(base on the electromotive series or activity series of metals; or if the free metal is above hydrogen.
Electromotive Series or Activity Series
Li
K
Ba
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Cd
Ni
Sn
Pb
(H)
Cu
Hg
Ag
Au

For Nonmetals the series would be: Fluorine – chlorine – bromine - iodine

53
4. Double displacement or metathesis reaction. In this reaction, two compounds react to form two or
more products. It is often described as exchange partners of the reactants to produce two new
products.
5. Neutralization reaction. It is a reaction between an acid or acid oxide (nonmetal oxide) and a base or
basic oxide (metal oxide). Often salt and water is produced.

Types of chemical reactions and there subtypes:

1. Combination reactions
∆
a) metal + nonmetal → binary compound
Examples: 2-. + 3 . → 2-. .
2/0 + → /0
12 + 3 → 123

b) Nonmetal + oxygen → nonmetal oxide

Examples: + → 789:.;<; 789=>?<@82; ;B7;??
2 + → 2 @2789:.;<; 789=>?<@82; .@9@<;C
3 + → 3

c) metal oxide + water → base or metal hydroxide

Examples: /0 + G → /0 G
H + G → 2H G

d) 282metal oxide + water → acid or oxyacid

Examples: 3 + G → G 3
3 + G → G 3 I

e) metal oxide + nonmetal → salt

Examples: 3 + /0 → /03 I

12 + → 12

2. Decomposition reactions. Heat is often applied for the reaction to occur.

∆
a) Hydrate → anhydrous salt + water
Hydrate – it is a salt that contains one or more molecules of water for each formula unit of salt.
∆
Example: >3 I ∙G → >3 I + 5G

54
 ∆
OP
b) ℎ.8N <;? . → .8N@C; + BQ0;2 0 ?
∆
Example: 2R . → 2R . + 3
∆
c) 9;< . 8B@C; → SN;; 9;< . + 8BQ0;2 0 ?
∆
Example: T= → T= +
∆
O
d) N=82 <; → B@C; + N=82 C@8B@C;

Note: Except for group IA carbonate since it does not decompose easily.

∆
Example: → +
∆
e) GQCN80;2 7 N=82 <; 8N =@7 N=82 <; → 8B@C; + + G
Note: Except for group IA bicarbonate
∆
Example: G → + + G
∆
For Group IA bicarbonate: UN8>: V- =@7 N=82 <; → 7 N=82 <; + + G
∆
Example: 2H G → H + + G
WXYZ[\ Z]Z[\YX[ [^YYZ_\
f) Electrolysis of water (direct electric current): 2G `aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab 2G +

Exercise: Give the product and balance the equation.

1. LiClO3 + heat →
2. K2CO3 + Heat →
3. ZnCO3 + heat →
4. HgO + heat →
5. BaCl2 . 2H2O + heat →
6. Mn(HCO3)2 + heat →

3. Single replacement

Examples: /0 + >3 I → /03 I + >

c; + -.T I → H. e. 28 N; 7<@82 ?@27; c; @? .;?? 7<@f; <ℎ 2 -.
12 + 2G . → G + 12 .
-> + G 3 I → H. e.

55
 Exercise: Predict the product and balance the equation.
1. Ni + HgCl →
2. K + BaSO4 →
3. AgNO3 + Cd →
4. I2 + KBr →
5. Na + H2O →
6. Mg + HCl →

4. Metathesis or Double displacement

Examples: 3-0H + c; . → 3 -0 . + c; H
H 3 I + R N g → H N g + R 3 I

Exercise: Complete and balance the following:

1. Pb(NO3)2 + HCl →
2. BiSO4 + NaOH →
3. ZnCO3 + H3PO4 →
4. CaCO3 + HCl →
5. FeSO4 + (NH4)2S →

5. Neutralization
Generally it is a reaction between acid and a base producing salt and water
a) -7@C + h ?; → ? .< + i <;N
Example: G .+H G → H . + G
b) /;< . 8B@C; = ?@7 2ℎQCN@C; + 7@C → ? .< + i <;N
Example: /0 + G 3 I → /03 I + G
c) 2829;< . 8B@C; 7@C 2ℎQCN@C; + = ?; → ? .< + i <;N
Example: T j + 6R G → 2R T I + 3G
d) -9982@ + -7@C → 9982@>9 ? .<
Example: HG + G → HGI

56
 Exercise 5.1

Name: ___________________________________ Score: __________

Class Schedule: ___________________________ Date: ___________

Binary compounds of two nonmetals

1. Name the following compounds.

a. SO2 = ________________________________________________________
b. N2O3 = ________________________________________________________
c. PBr3 = ________________________________________________________
d. P2O5 = ________________________________________________________
e. SO3 = ________________________________________________________
f.CCl4 = ________________________________________________________
g. SiO2 = ________________________________________________________
h. BCl3 = ________________________________________________________
i. CS2 = ________________________________________________________
j. CO = ________________________________________________________

Binary compounds of metal and nonmetals

2. Name the following compounds using classical and stock system if applicable.

a. PbI2 = ________________________________________________________
b. FeSO4 = ________________________________________________________
c. Ag2O = ________________________________________________________
d. NaCl = ________________________________________________________
e. Ca3N2 = ________________________________________________________
f. CuO = ________________________________________________________
g. SnO2 = ________________________________________________________
h.HgCl = ________________________________________________________
i. SeF4 = ________________________________________________________
j. SnO = ________________________________________________________

Compounds named like binary compounds

3. Name the following:

a. NH4Cl = ________________________________________________________
b. Ca(CN)2 = ________________________________________________________
c. NaCN = ________________________________________________________
d. (NH4)2S = ________________________________________________________
e. Fe(CN)3 = ________________________________________________________

57
 Exercise 5.2

Name: ___________________________________ Score: __________

Class Schedule: ___________________________ Date: ___________

1. Write the correct formula for each of the following

a. ammonium sulfide = ______________________
b. magnesium phosphate = ______________________
c. mercury(II) thiocyanate = ______________________
d. sodium iodate = ______________________
e. chromium(III) chloride = ______________________
f. potassium permanganate = ______________________
g. zinc bromide = ______________________
h. cobalt(II) perchlorate = ______________________
i. stannic oxide = ______________________
j. plumbic bromide = ______________________

2. Write the correct formula for each of the following:

a. phosphorus trifluoride
b. diphosphorous pentoxide
c. sulfur dioxide
d. phosphorus pentachloride
e. dinitrogen bromide
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________

Bases
3. Name the following bases using classical and stock system if applicable:
a. NaOH = ________________________________________________________
b.Sn(OH)4 = ________________________________________________________
c KOH = ________________________________________________________
d Fe(OH)3 = ________________________________________________________
e. Sn(OH)2 = ________________________________________________________

4. Write the formula of the following compounds:

a. Magnesium hydroxide
b. Iron (II) hydroxide
c. Aluminum hydroxide
d. Ammonium hydroxide
e. Plumbic hydroxide
= _______________________
= _______________________
= _______________________
= _______________________
= _______________________

58
 Exercise 5.3

Name: ___________________________________ Score: __________

Class Schedule: ___________________________ Date: ___________

Salts
1. Name the following compounds.
a BaCrO4 = ________________________________________________________
b HIO = ________________________________________________________
c.KCNO = ________________________________________________________
d. H2O2 = ________________________________________________________
e. AlPO4 = ________________________________________________________
f. Pb(C2H3O2)2 = ______________________________________________________
g KH2PO3 = ________________________________________________________
h NH4CN = ________________________________________________________
i. NiC2O4 = ________________________________________________________
j. Na2SiO3 = ________________________________________________________

2. Write formula for the following compounds.

a. chromium(III) nitrate
b. ammonium hydrogen sulfite
c. sodium hydrogen sulfite
d. sodium tetraborate
e. zinc carbonate
f. ammonium nitrite
g. magnesium oxalate
h. copper(II) sulfite
i. sodium bromate
j. lead(II) chromate
k silver cyanide
l sodium bicarbonate
m calcium dithionate
n antimony(III) sulfide
o potassium oxide
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________

59
 Exercise 5.4

Name: ___________________________________ Score: __________

Class Schedule: ___________________________ Date: ___________

Acids
1. Name the following acids in water:
a.H2SO3 = ________________________________________________________
b. HNO3 = ________________________________________________________
c. HIO4 = ________________________________________________________
d. HF = ________________________________________________________
e. H2SO4 = ________________________________________________________
f. H3PO3 = ________________________________________________________
g. HClO = ________________________________________________________
h. HBr = ________________________________________________________
i. HClO3 = ________________________________________________________
j. HBrO3 = ________________________________________________________

2. Write the formula of each of the following acids:

a. hydroiodic acid = ______________________
b. hypochlorous acid = ______________________
c. sulfurous acid = ______________________
d. hydrochloric acid = ______________________
e. perbromic acid = ______________________
f. phosphoric acid = ______________________
g. iodic acid = ______________________
h. hydrocyanic acid = ______________________
i. carbonic acid = ______________________
j. perchloric acid = ______________________

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 Exercise 5.5
Name: ___________________________________ Score: __________
Class Schedule: ___________________________ Date: ___________

Directions: Transcribe, complete and balance the following and identify the type of chemical reaction
involved:

1. mercuric oxide + heat

2. aluminum + hydrochloric acid

3. magnesium oxide + nitrous acid

4. magnesium + sulfur

5. manganese dioxide + carbon dioxide

6. sulfur trioxide + aluminum hydroxide

7. calcium oxide + water

8. potassium dichromate + copper sulfate

9. ammonium chloride + sodium chlorate

10. barium carbonate + heat

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