BND Course For KGIS June 2019

Body Network Diagnosis
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Course Guide Module
COURSE OVERVIEW The Body Network Diagnosis Course provides Kia

Dealership Technicians with the opportunity to increase
their skill level and efficiency in diagnosing customer
concern related to body network systems.
COURSE OBJECTIVES In this performance-based course, Kia Dealership

Technicians will demonstrate their diagnostic skills
through hands-on guided practices in the following
areas:
 Vehicle Controller Area Networks (C-CAN, B-CAN, H-

CAN, M-CAN)
 LIN Network systems
 Network Input/Output Diagnosis
COURSE GOAL After completing this course, Kia Dealership Technicians

will be able to effectively diagnose body network
concerns.
TARGET AUDIENCE Kia Dealership Technicians who diagnose and repair

body network systems.
PREREQUISITES You must have completed the following Instructor-Led

Courses:
 Diagnosing with GDS VE (GDS 6)

 Automotive Electrical Diagnosis (AED)
EXPECTATION Kia Dealership Technicians taking this course are

expected to use the appropriate vehicle service
information and electrical diagnostic processes while
adhering to all safety requirements.
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ABOUT TRAINING Today’s complex automotive technology demands that

MODULES you, the professional Kia Dealership Technician, stay
up-to-date with the latest service information, special
tools, and complex repair procedures. We have adopted
a modular training system that breaks down the critical
information into logical groupings. First, you will be
presented with system theory and operation, and then
given a chance to practice what you have learned.
Finally, we will test what you have learned through a
Performance Assessment.
THEORY MODULE The Theory Module explains the subject from basic to
complex. This allows you to obtain a working
knowledge of a component or system, which is a
prerequisite for successful diagnosis and repair.
GUIDED PRACTICE/ The Guided Practice Modules and Computer

COMPUTER SIMULATIONS Simulations provide opportunities for you to grasp
concepts and skills while becoming knowledgeable
about Kia vehicle components and systems. Training
takes place through hands-on experiences using
practical applications on both vehicles and computer
interactions. The instructor will monitor, supervise, and
verify the guided practices and computer simulations.
Guided practices may include the use of the Kia Global
Information System (KGIS) and other online
information, lab disassembly and reassembly, live
vehicle activities, and more. The computer simulations
are interactive scenarios that visually simulate vehicle
system behavior under normal and embedded fault
situations. These exercises may include use of electrical
circuits and/or components, system operation and
diagnosis, virtual repair procedures, and more.
PERFORMANCE The Performance Assessment Module provides the

ASSESSMENT opportunity for you to prove that you can perform the
subject matter related tasks and procedures. Each
technician must successfully complete this module,
which is designed to test your cognitive (knowledge)
and motor (hands-on) abilities. The individual, not the
team, must complete the Performance Assessment
Module.
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GETTING THE MOST OUT OF These modules are designed to be part of a structured
THIS COURSE training plan consisting of lecture, interactive classroom
discussion, and hands-on shop activities under the
direction of a trained Kia Instructor. After completing
the course modules, your understanding of the course
material will be verified through our Performance
Assessment Module, in which you must pass a written
and hands-on evaluation.
COURSE MANAGEMENT The course and its material are here for you to learn.
Use them and your time in a way that will benefit you
when you return to your dealership.
TAKE NOTES Make drawings, jot notes, and highlight course material
to help you remember important details. Each module
is designed with ample margins for your important
notes.
ASK QUESTIONS If you do not understand something in this course, ask

your instructor for clarification. Asking questions is
strongly encouraged to help you get the most out of
this course.
TEAMWORK During the hands-on activities, you will often be

working as a team. By actively engaging in each
activity, you will maximize your learning experience.
While in the lab, feel free to ask the Instructor
questions at any time.
LEARN AT EVERY This course is an opportunity for you to learn in a

OPPORTUNITY controlled environment under the guidance of a trained
Kia Instructor. Through active participation you will
build confidence in your abilities to correctly diagnose
customer concerns, the first time, every time!
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COURSE MATERIAL
Guided Performance
Module Module Title Theory Practice Assessment Guide
BND 01 Course Guide X
Controller Area
X X
BND 02 Networks
LIN Networks &
Input/Output X X
BND 03 Diagnosis
Performance
X
BND 04 Assessment
MORNING SESSION: TIME (APPROX.)
INTRODUCTION & COURSE GUIDE 8:00 – 8:30 AM
CONTROLLER AREA NETWORKS 8:30 – 10:00 AM
BREAK: 10:00 – 10:15 AM
CONTROLLER AREA NETWORKS 10:15 – 11:30 AM
LUNCH: 11:30 – 12:30 PM
CAN SIMULATIONS & GUIDED PRACTICE 12:30 – 1:00 PM
LIN NETWORKS 1:00 – 2:00 PM
BREAK: 2:00 – 2:15 PM
INPUT/OUTPUT DIAGNOSIS 2:15 – 3:00 PM
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 3:00 – 5:00 PM
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Throughout this course, you will come across several

icons designed to keep you on track.
The Reference Icon indicates you must refer to

additional publications in order to complete the questions
or activity.
The Computer Simulation Icon indicates there are

computer lab activities corresponding to the module
information.
The Activity Icon indicates an activity that supports a

critical learning objective. These activities are offered to
help you master the material.
The Feedback Icon indicates a process check meant to

provide you with feedback on your understanding of the
course material. Based on this information, we
recommend you review any areas where you have not
mastered the material.
COURSE ACHIEVEMENT A final score of 80% or higher is needed for completion

credit of this course. Scores are calculated based on:
 Guided practice exercises

 Performance Assessment
NOTE: Lack of punctuality may result in a loss of points

from class.
PERFORMANCE The performance scorecard is used to track your

SCORECARD classroom participation, performance on guided practices,
performance on diagnosis and troubleshooting, and any
written knowledge assessment.
SCORECARD ROUTING One copy of the scorecard is yours, and one copy is used
to update your Kia technical training records. Should you
not complete the course, the third copy is forwarded to
you Kia District Parts and Service Manager (DPSM).
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ACRONYMS/GLOSSARY
ABS – Antilock Braking System DVOM – Digital Volt Ohm Meter
A/C – Air Conditioning ECU – Electronic Control Unit
ADM – Assist Door Module ECM – Engine Control Module
BIT – Unit of information in digital ESC – Electronic Stability Control

communications
BYTE – Unit of digital information that ETM – Electrical Troubleshooting

consists of eight bits Manual
BMS – Battery Management System EPB – Electronic Parking Brake
BSD – Blind Spot Monitoring FAM – Front Area Module
CAN – Controller Area Network FPCM – Fuel Pump Control Module
B-CAN – Body CAN GDS – Global Diagnostic System
C-CAN – Chassis CAN HCU – Hybrid Control Unit
CCP - – Calibration Protocol CAN IDM – Injector Driver Module

CAN Controller Area Network
D-CAN – Diagnostic CAN IPM – In-Panel Module
H-CAN – Hybrid CAN IPS – Intelligent Power Switch
M-CAN – Multi-Media CAN Junction – Joint Connector for the CAN

Comb
DLC – Data Link Connector K-Line – Bi-directional single-wire data

Bus transfer
DDM – Driver’s Door Module KGIS – Kia Global Information System
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LDWS – Lane Departure Warning System TCM – Transmission Control Module
LIN – Local Interconnect Network TPMS – Tire Pressure Monitoring

System
MCU – Motor Control Unit (Hybrid) TMU – Telematics Unit
MCC – Multi-purpose Check Connector
MTU – Mozen Telematics Unit
NAV – Navigation
Nodes – Modules on the network
NVLD – Natural Vacuum Leak Detection
OL – Out of Limits
Packets – Short fixed-length sections of

data
PCM – Powertrain Control Module
PODS – Passenger Occupant Detection

System
RAM – Rear Area Module
RKE – Remote Keyless Entry
RPAS – Rear Parking Assist System
SJB – Smart Junction Box
SRS – Supplemental Restraint System
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NOTES:
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TARGET AUDIENCE Kia Dealership Technicians who diagnose and repair

body network systems.
The goal of this module is for the Kia Dealership

Technician to become more familiar with the Controller
MODULE GOAL Area Network (CAN) systems used on all Kia models.
MODULE OBJECTIVES Given class theory instruction, shop guided practice

activities, and computer simulations, you will meet the
following objectives:
• Search for service information related to CAN

network diagnosis
• Identify and define B-CAN, C-CAN, D-CAN H-CAN,
M-CAN and Local CAN networks
• Test and Diagnose CAN Networks
MODULE Carefully read the material, take notes based on the

INSTRUCTIONS classroom discussion, and study each illustration. At the
end of the module, there will be Progress Check
questions for you to answer. You may use the
information covered in this module to answer the
questions.
TIME TO COMPLETE 3.5 Hours
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CAN BASICS
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 CAN is the acronym for Controller Area Network, often

referred to as CAN Bus.
 CAN is a messaging system that reduces vehicle

wiring, weight, and cost.
 CAN facilitates the sharing of information or

commands and allows vehicles to have additional
features and functions without requiring additional
wiring.
CAN communication enables efficient and reliable

communication between controllers and other modules
in real-time applications. CAN is the standard in a large
variety of networked-embedded control systems. CAN
Networks are used on all current passenger cars and
Sport Utility Vehicles (SUV) built by Kia Motors.
NOTE: A node often refers to a module in the

context of a network. A vehicle’s network is
essentially a module talking to a module to perform a
vehicle function.
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HARDWIRE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Before automobiles began using network

communication systems, they used a hardwired
system that typically included:
 Power source (1)
 Conductors (2)
 Loads such as lights, radio, and wiper motors (3)
 Circuit protection (4)
 Switching mechanisms to control the load operation (5)
Each of these elements adds weight and complexity.
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MULTIPLEXING
Linking all of the control modules using multiplexing

technology solved the challenges presented by
hardwired electrical systems.
The multiplex system enables modules to

communicate with each other, reduces the amount
of wiring (and weight), and increases signal speed
transmission.
When a signal is sent using a hardwired system, the

destination is typically to one module. This is not the
most efficient way to transmit and receive signals.
Today, multiplexing has vastly improved the hardwired
system.
Multiplex technology allows multiple digital signals
(or messages) to be transmitted through a twisted
pair of wires. Signals (messages) are transmitted via
protocols, sending the highest priority messages
first.
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CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CAN)
The development of CAN was motivated by the need

for new vehicle communications and operations. While
reducing wiring, this system also adds features like
lighting, vehicle alarm, Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
functions, etc.
While a multiplex system processes one message at a

time, CAN has the ability to process many functions
over multiple modules at the same time. Simply put,
CAN is more advanced.
Using the above illustration as an example, when the

driver wishes to turn on the headlights, the IPM
broadcasts a “Headlamps on” message on the B-CAN
network. The FAM, RAM and Cluster modules take
action and each module turns their respective lighting
circuits on. On the other hand, the DDM & ADM
modules do not take action, as this message requires
no activity on their part.
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CAN NETWORK WIRES
CAN wiring includes a pair of wires that connect all

control units. Inside the modules are small circuit
“microchips” that manage incoming and outgoing
communication.
These network wires are designated as “CAN-High”

and “CAN-Low” on wiring diagrams since they have
slightly higher and lower voltages from each other.
CAN communication uses a pair of wires for:
 Reliability. The message signals being sent are

mirror images from each other on the High and Low
side circuits. This redundant message enables the
receiving module to verify the message sent.
 The ability to twist the High and Low side wires

together (see illustration above). This is used to
reduce outside electrical interference, such as
magnetism or radio waves near the CAN wires.
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CAN DESIGNATIONS
CAN networks on all Kia models are designated by the

different vehicle electrical systems such as:
 B-CAN (Body) control modules typically include:

BCM, IPM, SJB, DDM, and ADM.
 C-CAN (Chassis) control modules typically include:

ABS, ESC, ECM (PCM), TCM, BSD, LDWS, TPMS and
SRS.
 D-CAN (2016 MY onwards) Gateway module. Used

to prevent reprogramming of the PCM by
aftermarket companies.
 H-CAN control modules typically include BMS, MCU,

HCU, and ECM. (Hybrid & Electric Vehicles Only)
 M-CAN (Multi-Media) control modules typically

include: AUDIO, NAV, AMP, and MTU.
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CAN DESIGNATIONS (CONTINUED)
2014 Kia Cadenza BSD System “Local CAN” Diagram
In addition to the previously mentioned CAN

designations, some Kia models also feature “Local or
Private CAN Networks”
A “Local CAN” network is similar to a C-CAN network

except the communication is taking place between two
specific modules instead of a large number of modules
as in various CAN networks.
Using Local CAN networks prevents messaging

congestion on the vehicle networks.
Some examples of “Local CAN networks used on Kia

models are:
 Blind Spot System (BSD units – see above illustration)
 Electronic Stability Control (ESC module and YAW rate

sensor)
 Engine Management CCP-CAN (ECM and IDB module)
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CAN GATEWAYS
Gateway modules handle inter-network

communications. The gateway module is a message or
signal translator that can rebroadcast or transmit
information between different CAN networks.
For example, the High speed C-CAN and the Low speed
B-CAN communicate at different speeds and use
different voltages. The gateway translates (or bridges)
the various CAN messages to one another.
In the example above, the High speed C-CAN SRS,

4WD, and PODS modules can send information to the
Low Speed B-CAN through the In Panel Module (IPM).
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CAN DIGITAL MESSAGING
BINARY CODE CAN messages are digital signals created by offsetting

the voltage between two wires. This binary code of 0’s
and 1’s make up the digital message. This code is made
of bits and bytes.
CAN DATA SPEEDS CAN data speeds are different from CAN Network
designations. For example, communications related to
body electrical systems (B-CAN) may not require high
speed communication. However, safety systems such
as SRS or ABS require high speed (C-CAN) priority
communications.
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NOTES
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LOCATING NETWORK SERVICE INFORMATION
Locating Service Information for vehicle network

systems plays a critical role in diagnosis. There are
multiple places you can find this information:
 GDS Repair Section or Manual Button

 KDS Service Info Section
 KGIS (KDealer.com)
The GDS/KDS also contain service information but

these are typically updated one to two times per year
due to the large amount of data.
KGIS always contains the latest Service Information

and is updated weekly.
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Most of the Service Information needed to successfully

diagnose network concerns is located in KGIS under:
 Electronic Troubleshooting Manual (ETM)
 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) manual
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All Network-related wiring diagrams can be found under:

 ETM
o Schematic Diagrams
 Body Electrical Systems
o Data Link Details
 Schematic Diagrams
 Page Number
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Network-related DTCs can be found under:

 DTC
o Select affected vehicle system
 For example; Air Conditioning, Brakes,
Engine, Smart Key, etc.
NOTE: A majority of CAN-related codes will always

start with the letter “U.” For example, “U0001 (High
Speed Communication Bus Off)”
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PERFORM GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
Activities 1 through 3
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ACTIVITY: 1 Use a GDS or classroom computer connected to a

FIND NETWORK printer to perform this task.
SERVICE REPAIR
Assigned Vehicle: ______________________________
INFORMATION
 Use the following steps to locate the Network ETM
wiring diagrams:
1. Service Materials
2. Service Info(SI)
3. Select: Year, Model and Engine
4. Select: ETM
5. Select: Schematic Diagrams
6. Select: Body Electrical System
7. Select: Data Link Details
9. Navigate through the various ETM network pages

and print if necessary.
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ACTIVITY: 2 Use the previously printed vehicle network diagram.

ANSWER NETWORK
ETM QUESTIONS
1. How many CAN networks are on your assigned vehicle?

____________________________________________________________________
2. Which CAN networks are available at the Data Link Connector (DLC)?
____________________________________________________________________
3. Which CAN networks are available at the Multi-Purpose Check Connector (MCC)?
____________________________________________________________________
4. Which modules (Gateways) communicate on more than one network?
____________________________________________________________________
5. What is the color of the C-CAN High wire:
____________________________________________________________________
6. What is the color of the C-CAN Low wire:
____________________________________________________________________
7. What is the color of the B-CAN High wire:
____________________________________________________________________
8. What is the color of the B-CAN Low wire:
____________________________________________________________________
9. Are there any “Local CAN” networks shown on the diagrams?
YES NO
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ACTIVITY: 3 Use a GDS or classroom computer to perform this task.

FIND NETWORK
Assigned Vehicle: 2012 Sedona (VQ) 3.5 Liter
SERVICE REPAIR
INFORMATION IN KGIS
Print the “Wiring Inspection” Section for U0100 DTC
located in:
2. Service Info (SI)
4. Select: DTC
5. Select: Transmission > Automatic Transaxle
1. Does the DTC General Information Section show a Diagnostic Circuit Diagram?
YES NO
2. If yes, can you locate the symbol shown below in the General Information Section?
YES NO
3. What does the above symbol designate and what purpose does it serve?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Wait for further instructions.
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DATA LINK CONNECTOR (DLC)
The DLC pin configuration is standard for On Board

Diagnosis II (OBDII) systems.
Kia uses numbering (right to left) for all female

connectors when viewed from the female side of the
terminals.
The DLC connector shown below on the left uses kia’s

(right to left) numbering of the female connector.
DLC connector shown below on the right uses OBDII

(left to right) numbering of the female connector.
Always make a habit of checking the ETM for specific

terminal information.
Kia Numbering OBDII Numbering
Kia OBDII
Terminal Name Function
Pin # Pin #
3 6 C-CAN High High Line (2.5 volts pulled up to 3.5 volts)

4 5 Ground Signal (sensor) clean ground
5 4 Ground Chassis (scan tool) ground
6 3 Vehicle speed signal Input from speed sensor or cluster
8 1 M-CAN High High Line (0.0 volts pulled up to 3.5 volts)
9 16 B+ Battery voltage for (scan tool)
11 14 C-CAN Low Low Line (2.5 volts pulled down to 1.5 volts)
13 12 Body K-line Body Electrical System (Not B-CAN)
16 9 M-CAN Low Low Line (5.0 volts pulled down to 1.5 volts)
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MULTI-PURPOSE CHECK CONNECTOR (MCC)
Similar to the DLC, the MCC also provides access to

C-CAN and other vehicle networks.
The MCC is used primarily for programming during

manufacturing of the vehicle. However, it can be used
to access CAN networks not available at the DLC.
Always make a habit of checking the ETM for specific

terminal information.
Kia Numbering
Kia Pin# Terminal Name Function
1 Ground Chassis ground
5 Ground Chassis ground
CAN Calibration Protocol

Not used for control or diagnostic communication
6 CCP-CAN High
For collecting controller data, and for upgrading (calibration)
Connected only to the ECM and IDB
9 C-CAN High High Line (2.5 volts pulled up to 3.5 volts)
12 B+ Battery voltage
CAN Calibration Protocol

Not used for control or diagnostic communication
14 CCP-CAN Low
For collecting controller data, and for upgrading (calibration)
Connected only to the ECM and IDB
15 On/Start Power Battery voltage when Ignition is ON or during Start (Cranking)
17 C-CAN Low Low Line (2.5 volts pulled down to 1.5 volts)
19 Body K-line Body Electrical System (Not B-CAN network)
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CAN NETWORK RESISTANCE
C-CAN TERMINATION The C-CAN network uses two terminating resistors to

RESISTORS create the proper electrical load or impedance between
the C-CAN High and the C-CAN Low network lines.
When impedance is mismatched, the signal is not

completely absorbed by the load(s) and a portion is
reflected back into the transmission line. Combined
with a newly transmitted message, this creates a
“scrambled/faulty” message”
These loads also minimize electrical noise on the

circuit and provide a cleaner signal.
The terminating resistors used in the C-CAN network

are approximately 120 Ohms each.
Depending on the Kia model and model year, the

C-CAN Network terminating resistors may be external
to a control module or physically located inside a
control module.
NOTE: One of the two C-CAN terminating resistors is

usually located inside the ECM/PCM.
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MEASURING C-CAN The measured total resistance value of the C-CAN

TERMINATION RESISTORS network lines should be approximately 60 Ohms and
nearly the same value at each point in the CAN network
with power off to the modules.
Resistance values below 50 Ohms across a C-CAN

circuit may mean a short circuit, more than two
terminating resistors, improper terminating values or a
faulty module.
Resistance values more than 70 Ohms may mean an

open circuit, less than two terminating resistors, or
improper terminating resistor values.
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LOCATING EXTERNAL The above illustration is an example of an external

C-CAN TERMINATING resistor on a 2011 Sedona 3.5-liter engine. This type of
RESISTORS terminating resistor is usually placed somewhere in the
wiring harness.
The second resistor is usually located in the PCM but is

not designated in the ETM. The PCM resistor can
usually be found by referring to any engine-related
C-CAN U-designation DTCs.
The DTC General Information Section usually provides a

Diagnostic Circuit Diagram showing the location of both
C-CAN terminating resistors.
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LOCATING INTERNAL The above illustration is an example of an internally

C-CAN TERMINATING located resistor within the Smart Junction Box (SJB) of
RESISTORS a 2014 Sorento (XM) with a 2.4-liter GDI engine.
The second resistor is located in the PCM but is not

shown in the ETM.
As previously mentioned, the PCM resistor can usually

be found by referring to any Engine-related C-CAN
U-designation DTCs.
The DTC General Information Section usually provides a

Diagnostic Circuit Diagram showing the location of both
C-CAN terminating resistors.
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LOCATING C-CAN A new C-CAN network ETM layout was introduced on

RESISTORS certain 2015 MY models.
The above illustration shows the location of the C-CAN

resistors on a 2015 Sedona 3.3-liter model. They are
located in the ECU (PCM) and Cluster.
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LOCATING B-CAN The B-CAN has a terminating resistor for each signal
RESISTORS line. Unlike the terminating resistors on the C-CAN
network, the total system resistance on the B-CAN
network will vary depending on the number of modules
on the Bus.
Notice the above illustration shows a resistor on each

line of the transceiver circuit. This makes it very difficult
to test and measure total circuit resistance of the
individual resistors.
Therefore, testing the B-CAN circuits for continuity and

shorts to ground and power is highly recommended.
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CAN NETWORK VOLTAGES
C-CAN NETWORK The C-CAN High signal wire averages about 2.7Vdc on
VOLTAGES a DVOM.
The C-CAN Low signal wire averages about 2.2Vdc on a
DVOM.
3.5V High ‘1’ and ‘0’ determined by: Sleep mode (for example,
 Voltage difference no network activity such as
High/Low lines Ignition off):
2.5V  High pulled up from
C-CAN
a base of 2.5V to 3.5V  Low = 0.00V
Low  Low pulled down from  High = 0.00V
1.5V
a base of 2.5V to 1.5V
Recessive (‘1’) Dominant (‘0’)
B-CAN & M-CAN NETWORK The B-CAN and M-CAN High signal wire averages about
VOLTAGES 0.5Vdc on a DVOM. The value is low most of the time.
The B-CAN and M-CAN Low signal wire averages about

4.5Vdc on a DVOM. The value is high most of the time.
5.0V ‘1’ and ‘0’ determined by: Sleep mode (for example,
 Voltage difference no network activity such as
3.5V High High/Low lines Ignition off):
M-CAN  High pulled up from  Low = B+
a base of 0V to 3.5V  High = 0.00V
B-CAN 1.5V Low
 Low pulled down from
0.0V a base of 5V to 1.5V
Recessive (‘1’) Dominant (‘0’)
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NOTES:
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DIAGNOSING CAN NETWORK CONCERNS
All CAN network system diagnosis begins by verifying

the customer’s vehicle concern. If there are multiple
concerns, determine if there could be a single root
cause.
Initiate vehicle communication by connecting the

GDS/KDS Vehicle Communication Interface (VCI) to
the vehicle and accessing the Vehicle Identification
Number (VIN) to get the proper vehicle information.
Next, check for any DTC’s to determine if fault codes

have been set in any of the CAN systems.
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DIAGNOSING CAN NETWORK CONCERNS
FAULT CODE SEARCHING Select the “Select All” button to add all the systems for
Fault Code Searching.
Select the “Fault Code Searching” button to start search.
Fault Code Searching is a way to determine the integrity

of the network:
 Which module(s) is communicating
 Which module(s) is not communicating
 Which module(s) has pending/active/history DTCs
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CIRCUIT TESTING
When performing CAN network circuit testing, always

begin by accessing the ETM section of the GDS or KGIS
and pull up the CAN system diagram(s). Use the wiring
diagram to determine which modules are involved with
this circuit’s operation.
If you suspect a C-CAN circuit failure, the first step

should always be to perform a quick test of the CAN
circuit by measuring the network resistance across one
end of the circuit.
As previously mentioned, the C-CAN network can easily

be accessed and tested at the DLC or MCC connector.
If you suspect a B-CAN circuit failure, checking all the

circuits for continuity, shorts to ground and power is
highly recommended.
Unlike the C-CAN, which can easily be accessed at the

DLC connector, the B-CAN network can only be tested
by finding a specific connector, module connector, or
Junction Connector (also known as Joint Connector or
Junction Comb) to perform electrical checks.
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CIRCUIT TESTING
The Joint Connector (also referred to as a Junction

Comb) contains the individual CAN Bus wires that are
connected to a shorting bar. There are also connectors
located in various areas of the vehicle, which can
contain the different networks.
As previously mentioned the Junction Comb is one of

the areas to access and check the B-CAN network.
In addition, the C-CAN network can also be checked at

a junction connector.
It is always a best practice to check the ETM for the

location of the Junction connectors.
Depending on the location, Junction Connectors can

provide convenient access point to probe the networks
and view oscilloscope signal patterns.
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CIRCUIT TESTING
Checking the network signal patterns and voltages

with the Oscilloscope function can be very helpful
when diagnosing CAN network concerns.
An oscilloscope measures a voltage signal, which can

be viewed with other signals to form a pattern on the
screen. When scoping a CAN High and Low network
together, the pattern should be a mirror image on the
screen. This image will allow you to quickly identify is
there is a short to power, short to ground, or if the
wires are shorted to each other.
For example, if a C-CAN network wire is shorted

both network lines will be down. On the other hand,
if a B-CAN network wire is shorted, the network may
still operate since communication continues on the
other line.
With the ignition on, check for communication signals

at the harness side connector of the Junction Connector
and the suspect module. If signals are not present,
disconnect the suspect module from the circuit. If
signals and voltages are now present, the control
module may be at fault.
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Activities 4 through 7
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TASK 4: CHECKING Exercise:

C-CAN NETWORK Use a DVOM or VMI to measure the network resistance
on the C-CAN Network.
RESISTANCE
1. Using the previously printed Network ETMs, locate the
diagram for the MCC connector or DLC connector.
2. Locate the C-CAN High and C-CAN Low wires in the
DLC or MMC connectors and record the pin numbers:
DLC:
 C-CAN HIGH PIN #_____________
 C-CAN LOW PIN #_____________
MCC:
 C-CAN HIGH PIN #_____________
 C-CAN LOW PIN #_____________
3. Using a Kia T-CONNECTOR, access the high and low

pin terminals of either the DLC or MCC. With the
battery negative terminal disconnected, measure the
resistance across C-CAN High and C-CAN Low
terminals and record the value: ________________ Ω
4. Disconnect the ECM/PCM main connectors and re-

measure the resistance across C-CAN High and C-CAN
Low terminals and record the value: ____________ Ω
5. Reconnect the ECM/PCM and reconnect the negative

battery terminal.
Do NOT remove the T-CONNECTOR from the MCC or DLC
47
TASK 5 MEASURING Exercise: Use the GDS/KDS, VMI Oscilloscope function

C-CAN NETWORK to measure C-CAN Network operating voltages.
VOLTAGES
1. Using the T-CONNECTOR from Task 4, access the

C-CAN High and C-CAN Low pin terminals.
2. Using the GDS/KDS, select Oscilloscope Function
3. Find the “Settings” button bar and change:
 Voltage scale to 4 Volts.
 Time scale to 100μs
4. Start the engine
5. Using the scope A-Red and B-Yellow leads, record
the network voltages
6. C-CAN High Voltage: ________________Volts
7. C-CAN Low Voltage: ________________Volts
8. Select the “View All” button
9. What did you notice about the CAN patterns when
the “View All” button was selected?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
10. Unselect the “View All” button

11. Using a Jumper wire, short the C-CAN High circuit to
chassis ground. What happened to the pattern?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
12. Using a Jumper wire, short the C-CAN Low circuit to

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
13. Remove the T-CONNECTOR from the DLC or MCC.

14. With the ignition in the ON position, perform a Fault
Code Searching of all systems. The results will
indicate which modules set Network-related DTCs
when the High and Low wire shorted to ground.
15. Print your results and clear all DTCs.
48
TASK 6 CHECKING Exercise:

B-CAN NETWORK Use a DVOM or VMI to measure the network resistance
RESISTANCE on the B-CAN Network.
1. Using the previously printed Network ETMs,

determine the most convenient (easiest) location to
access the B-CAN network to perform electrical
measurement tests:
A. Connector Number: ________________
B. Location:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
C. Pin numbers:
a. HIGH: _______________
b. LOW: _______________
D. Wire colors:
a. HIGH: _________________
b. LOW: _________________
2. CAREFULLY back probe the high and low pin terminals. With the battery
disconnected, measure the resistance across B-CAN High and B-CAN Low terminals and
record the value: ________________ Ω
3. Why is this resistance reading on the B-CAN network different from the resistance values
you recorded when checking total circuit resistance on the previous C-CAN Network task?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Reconnect the vehicle battery

Do NOT remove the probes from the terminals
49
TASK 7 MEASURING Exercise:

B-CAN NETWORK Use the GDS/VMI Oscilloscope function to measure B-CAN
VOLTAGES Network operating voltages
1. Using the probes from Task 6, access the B-CAN High
and B-CAN low pin terminals.
2. Using the GDS/KDS, select Oscilloscope Function
3. Find the “Settings” button bar and change:
 Voltage scale to 8 Volts
 Time scale to 100μs
4. Start the engine
5. Using the scope A-Red and B-Yellow leads, record the
network voltages
6. B-CAN High Voltage:________________Volts
7. B-CAN Low Voltage:________________Volts
8. Select the “View All” button

9. What did you notice about the CAN patterns when the
“View All’ button was selected?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
10. Unselect the “View All” button
11. Using a jumper wire, short the B-CAN High circuit to
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
12. Using a jumper wire, short the B-CAN Low circuit to
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
13. Remove the probes
14. With the ignition in the ON position, perform a Fault
Code Searching of all systems. The results will indicate
which modules set Network related DTCs when the High
and Low wires are shorted to ground.
15. Print your results and clear all DTCs
16. Clean up your workstation, turn the VCI & VMI off and
turn the vehicle ignition to OFF.
50
NOTES:
51
SUMMARY In this module you have learned to:

 Identify the various Controller Area Networks used on
Kia vehicles
 Identify a high and low side of a CAN network line
 Identify and define B-CAN, C-CAN, H-CAN and

M-CAN systems
 Find service information related to CAN network

diagnosis
 Determine good CAN network system voltages,

oscilloscope patterns and resistance values
Using the Electronic Troubleshooting Manual (ETM) to

identify network modules and testing locations in order
to develop a diagnostic plan will result in quicker
repairs with less intrusive testing for overall Fixed
Right First Time results.
Diagnosis of CAN networks begins with understanding

the system and mapping power and communication
flow on wiring diagrams. As you continue with the next
section, you will find that the GDS and KGIS are
valuable tools for solving all network related concerns.
52
PROGRESS CHECK
QUESTIONS
1. The C-CAN network lines have terminating resistors
which could be located:
A. In the wiring harness and in a module
B. In the scan tool
C. At the DLC
D. At the MCC
2. The C-CAN uses a high wire and a low wire twisted

together. Which of the following are the
approximate voltage values?
A. 2.5 volts to 3.5 volt and 2.5V to 1.5V
B. 5.0 volts to 1.4 volts and 0.2V to 3.5V
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A and B
3. Which of the following statements are true

regarding ‘the measured value’ of the C-CAN
network lines’ resistance?
A. Resistance values below 50Ω denote a short
circuit
B. Resistance values between 50Ω – 70Ω means
circuit has continuity
C. Resistance values over 70Ω means there is high
resistance in the circuit
D. All of the above
4. Which CAN network is used by the AUDIO, AMP,

NAV and TMU modules?
A. B-CAN Network
B. C-CAN Network
C. H-CAN Network
D. None of the above
5. Which of the following is the best location to check

the different C-CAN signals with an oscilloscope?
A. Circuit Resistors
B. Joint Connector
C. Battery negative terminal
D. MCC connector
53
PROGRESS CHECK
QUESTIONS
6. Which of the following is the best location to check
the different B-CAN signals with an oscilloscope?
B. Joint Connector
C. Negative battery terminal
D. MCC connector
7. Which CAN network is used by the ABS, ESC, ECM,

and TCM modules?
A. H-CAN
B. B-CAN
C. C-CAN
8. What would be the easiest location to check the

different C-CAN network total circuit resistance with
a DVOM?
B. Joint Connector
C. Negative battery terminal
D. MCC connector
9. Which CAN network is used by the DDM, ADM,

Cluster and BCM modules?
A. H-CAN
B. B-CAN
C. C-CAN
10. Which of the following KGIS/GDS service manuals

can be used to determine the location of the C-CAN
termination resistors?
A. ETM manual
B. DTC manual
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A & B
54
COMPUTER
SIMULATIONS
The Computer Simulation activities will help you
understand additional concepts and diagnostic skills
related to vehicle components and systems. We will
simulate vehicle system behavior under normal and
embedded fault situations. The instructor will be
available to assist you in addressing any questions that
you may have.
Select a circuit type from the CIRCUIT: drop-down list

• Select a concern/scenario from the CONCERN:
drop-down list
• Click and drag the DVOM leads to the orange
circles on the wiring diagram to display readings on
the DVOM
NOTE: The default DVOM setting is 8VDC. When the

CAN circuits are selected, resistance readings are
available on the DVOM. When the oscilloscope is
selected in the lower right corner of the wiring diagram,
the GDS’s oscilloscope patterns are displayed.
The DVOM tips will be highlighted when correctly

placed on the test point locations.
 The Repair Order records your results from all your
DVOM and oscilloscope measurements. Select the
REPAIR ORDER to review your results. When ready
to diagnose, select DIAGNOSE from the Repair
Order. Use the letter IDs overlaid on the wiring
diagram to aid in your diagnosis.
 Diagnose each concern correctly with the least
amount of measurements. When completed, select
a different concern and repeat the process for all
the concerns for the selected circuit type.
55
The goal of this module is to help Kia dealership

Technicians become familiar with the LIN systems used
MODULE GOAL on all Kia models and use module input/output checks
to diagnose certain types of Network concerns.
MODULE OBJECTIVES Given class theory instruction and shop guided practice
activities, you will be able to:
• Identify LIN network systems

• Diagnose LIN network concerns
• Identify and understand the difference between pull-up
and pull-down signal circuits
• Diagnose network input/output concerns using
GDS/KDS to view current data parameters and
perform actuation tests
MODULE Carefully read the material, take notes based on the

INSTRUCTIONS classroom discussion, and study each illustration. At the
end of the module, there will be Progress Check
questions for you to answer. You may use the
information covered in this module to answer the
questions.
TIME TO COMPLETE 1.5 Hours
56
LOCAL INTERCONNECT NETWORKS (LIN)
2014 CADENZA AFLS LIN NETWORK
OVERVIEW The Local Interconnect Network (LIN) is a serial

communication protocol between intelligent sensors
and/or actuators and a module. LIN is a low speed
network, which is considered a CAN sub-Bus when the
speed of a CAN network is not needed.
The LIN Bus is a single communication line that

controls low-cost communications for systems such as
A/C, seat position controls, mirrors, backup warning
systems, headlamps, light sensors, door locks, power
windows, and other components.
57
2014 CADENZA BMS LIN NETWORK
LIN NETWORK Unlike the CAN networks previously discussed, LIN

IDENTIFICATION networks are not shown in the ETM Data Link Details
section.
In order to identify and locate LIN networks on the

ETM, you have to search in a specific System ETM.
The above illustration shows a LIN network diagram for

the Battery Sensor.
The LIN network shown in the illustration is found under:

 Engine Electrical System
o Charging System
58
2014 Sorento RPAS LIN Network
The above illustration shows a LIN network diagram for

the Rear Park Assist System (RPAS).
This illustration shows multiple “Child” LIN-controlled

modules to one “Parent” module. On this system, the
LIN Parent is the IPS control module in the Smart
Junction Box and the child modules are the Rear
Parking Assist Sensors (RPAS).
The LIN network shown in the illustration above is

found under:
 Body Electrical
o Park Assist System
59
The LIN signal voltage is around 12 volts (high), and is

pulled low almost to ground to transmit messages.
The above oscilloscope LIN pattern shows

communications on the LIN wire. This illustration shows
a normally operating LIN Bus.
You will only see communications on the LIN line when

information is being requested or sent.
There are no known LIN Network resistance

value specifications as in C-CAN.
The best diagnostic approach is to first check the signal

line voltage for short to power or a grounded circuit
condition. When checking the resistance of the signal
wire to ground, an ohm value should indicate high to
infinite resistance (0.L).
60
PERFORM GUIDED
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
Activities 8 and 9
61
ACTIVITY: 8 Use a GDS/KDS or a classroom computer connected to

FIND LIN NETWORK a printer to perform this task.
SERVICE REPAIR
Assigned Vehicle: ______________________________
INFORMATION
 Use the following steps to locate the LIN wiring
diagrams:
11. Service Info(SI)
13. Select: ETM
15. Select: Engine Electrical System
16. Select: Charging System
18. Navigate through the various ETM LIN-related

network pages and print if necessary.
62
ACTIVITY: 9 Check the LIN Bus signal with the GDS/KDS VMI tool.
CHECKING BATTERY
SENSOR LIN SIGNAL 1. Using the previously printed LIN Network ETMs,
identify the connector number, pin number, and
wire color for the LIN network wire for the battery
sensor.
Connector:_______________ PIN: ______________
Wire Color:__________________________________
2. Install a Kia T-CONNECTOR between the battery

sensor and the harness
3. Start the engine
4. Using the GDS/KDS, select VMI DVOM function,

and measure and record the voltage value of the
LIN wire.
5. Record the DVOM voltage reading of the LIN wire:

____________________ Volts
6. Using the VMI Oscilloscope function, measure and

record the voltage value of the LIN wire.
7. Record the voltage scope reading of the LIN Bus:

____________________ Avg. Voltage
8. Explain why the DVOM and scope voltage values

differ._____________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
9. Clean up your station and have the instructor review

your answers
63
NETWORK INPUT/OUTPUT DIAGNOSIS
PULL-UP AND When a module on a network receives a network message

PULL/DOWN CIRCUITS to command something to turn on, this is usually
accomplished by using a pull-up or a pull-down type of
electrical circuit.
This type of electrical circuit can be considered either a

module input or an output.
Examples of pull-up and pull-down network control

input/output signals that may be initiated by the
vehicle occupants include:
 Door Lock Command
 Open/Close Window Command
 High/low Beam Headlight Commands
 Wiper Motor Command
 Turn Signals
A pull-down circuit signal will go from reference voltage

(can be 2.5V, 5.0V or 12V) to 0 volts.
A pull-up circuit signal will go from 0 volts to reference

voltage (can be 2.5V, 5.0V or 12V).
64
12 volts reference
voltage- switch
open
PULL-DOWN CIRCUIT SAMPLE
0 volts reference
voltage-switch
closed
PULL-DOWN CIRCUIT SAMPLE
65
0 volts reference
voltage-switch
open
PULL-UP CIRCUIT SAMPLE
12 volts reference
voltage-switch
closed
PULL-UP CIRCUIT SAMPLE
66
Indirect Output Hardwire Hardwire

Command
input/Direct input/Direct
Command Command
Indirect
Input Command
To other
network modules
MODULE REQUEST In the above diagram, the multi-function switch uses a

COMMAND TYPES pull-down electrical circuit on either the LH or RH turn
signal switch to send a hardwire Direct Command input
to the IPM.
A Direct Command is the module-to-component control

used to activate a component(s).
Another type of command is the Indirect Command.

This is shown above as the Instrument Cluster receiving
an “Indirect” command (message) from the IPM to turn
one of the Instrument Cluster turn signal indicators ON.
67
Hardwire Hardwire
Output/Direct Output/Direct
Input Input
Command Command
Indirect
Command
From other
network modules
Input
MODULE REQUEST An Indirect Command is the module-to-module

COMMAND TYPES communication, via CAN, for activation of components
by other modules on the CAN network.
In this case, an “Indirect Command” is transmitted on

the B-network to the FAM and RAM modules. This is
shown above as the FAM and RAM receiving an “Indirect”
command (message) from the IPM to turn the applicable
turn signals on.
A request/command may be acted upon directly by

another module (example: Instrument Cluster, FAM and
RAM) or ignored by other modules (example: Drivers
Door Module or Assist Door Module) depending on the
type of message being sent by the IPM.
68
USING GDS/KDS TO TEST Vehicle control module input and outputs can be
NETWORK INPUTS/OUTPUT monitored or tested using the GDS/KDS. The GDS/KDS
COMMANDS can be used to monitor and actuate output devices.
Many control module output signals can be viewed with
the GDS/KDS Current Data analysis tool.
Using the GDS/KDS, select the appropriate vehicle

system and access Current Data for the system module
being tested. Next, test the module inputs by manually
actuating system-related switches and viewing the
switched inputs in Current Data for a change in status.
These inputs may show as voltage high-low, on/off,

open/closed, etc. on the GDS/KDS Current Data display.
If the switch or sensor is sending an input to the

control module and the GDS Current Data is showing
proper switch/sensor status, then the control module is
receiving the input correctly
69
GDS/KDS ACTUATION TEST Using the GDS/KDS you can also test outputs by using
TOOL the Actuation Test tool within the suspected system to
narrow your diagnosis to a specific area. This can
shorten diagnostic time dramatically by testing inputs
and outputs without removing body panels, covers,
switches, and wiring.
Intrusive testing may still be necessary before you can

obtain an accurate diagnosis.
NOTE: The GDS/KDS must be able to communicate

with the module to be tested in order to view and test
inputs and outputs.
70
Activity 10
71
ACTIVITY: 10 Use the ETM below to answer the following

INPUTS/OUTPUTS input/output questions
Vehicle: 2015 Kia Optima Rear Park Assist

System (RPAS).
1. Is the RPAS system buzzer activated using a pull-up or pull-down type of circuit?
A. Pull-up
B. Pull-down
2. When the RPAS buzzer is activated by the BCM, is this the result of a direct or an in-
direct command?
A. Direct
B. Indirect
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A and B
72

Vehicle: 2015 Kia Soul Electronic Stability

System (ESC).
1. Are the ABS and ESC warning lights in the cluster turned on through a direct or
indirect command?
A. Direct Command
B. Indirect Command
2. Is the Parking Brake Switch operated using a pull-up or a pull down type of circuit?
A. Pull-Up
B. Pull-down
73

Vehicle: 2016 Kia Optima Double Clutch

Transmission System.
1. Are the steering wheel paddle switches a pull-up or a pull down type of input circuit?
A. Pull-Up
B. Pull-down
74

Vehicle: 2016 Kia Forte Exterior Lighting System.
1. Are the Headlamp Low Signal at the Smart Junction Box and Head Lamp Low Switch
at the BCM operated using a pull-up or a pull down type of circuit?
A. Pull-Up
B. Pull-down
2. Is the High Beam warning light in the cluster turned on through a direct or indirect
command?
A. Direct Command
B. Indirect Command
75
NOTES
76
SUMMARY In this module you have learned to:

 Identify LIN networks used on Kia vehicles by looking
up the various wiring diagrams
 Find service information related to LIN network
diagnosis
 Determine good LIN network system voltages and
oscilloscope patterns
 Identify electrical pull-up and pull-down signal circuits
 Identify input/output circuit types and how modules
perform direct and indirect commands

Using the Electronic Troubleshooting Manual (ETM) to
identify the network module input/output signals to
develop a diagnostic plan will result in quicker repairs
with less intrusive testing for overall Fixed Right First
Time results.
77
PROGRESS CHECK 1. Which of the following pull-up circuit statements is

QUESTIONS correct?
A. Pull-up circuit voltage is always 2.8 volts on the

circuit ground side
B. Pull-up circuit voltage is always 1.3 volts on the
reference side of an open switch
C. Signal voltage at the module will pull up and be
reference voltage
D. Resistance at ground point is ALWAYS reference
voltage
1. Which of the following statements is correct

regarding Control Module operation?
Control Modules communicate…
A. indirectly on the CAN network

B. Control Modules can communicate directly to an
actuator
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A and B
4. An indirect command is the module-to-module

communication used over the CAN network to
achieve a desired output.
A. True
B. False
4. The LIN signal voltage is about 2.8 volts (high) and

is pulled high to ground to transmit messages.
E. True
F. False
5. The LIN Network is a 2-wire communication line.
E. True
F. False
78
PROGRESS CHECK 6. The LIN Network wiring diagrams can be found in

QUESTIONS the ETM Data Link Details Section
A. True
B. False
7. The LIN signal operating voltage is approximately:
A. 2.2 volts
B. 2.8 volts
C. 5.0 volts
D. 12 volts
8. The LIN network resistance should be

approximately:
A. 30 Ohms
B. 60 Ohms
C. 120 Ohm
D. There are no known resistance values
9. Which of the following vehicle systems does not use

a LIN network?
A. Battery Management System (BMS)

B. Accelerator Pedal System (APS)
C. Rear Park Assist System (RPAS)
D. Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFLS)
10. Which tool can be used to quickly identify network

module input/output signals?
A. Vehicle Owner’s Manual

B. Web DCS
C. MMT Tester
D. ETM
79

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Body Network Diagnosis

Body Network Diagnosis

COURSE OVERVIEW The Body Network Diagnosis Course provides Kia

COURSE OBJECTIVES In this performance-based course, Kia Dealership

 Vehicle Controller Area Networks (C-CAN, B-CAN, H-

COURSE GOAL After completing this course, Kia Dealership Technicians

TARGET AUDIENCE Kia Dealership Technicians who diagnose and repair

PREREQUISITES You must have completed the following Instructor-Led

 Diagnosing with GDS VE (GDS 6)

EXPECTATION Kia Dealership Technicians taking this course are

ABOUT TRAINING Today’s complex automotive technology demands that

GUIDED PRACTICE/ The Guided Practice Modules and Computer

PERFORMANCE The Performance Assessment Module provides the

ASK QUESTIONS If you do not understand something in this course, ask

TEAMWORK During the hands-on activities, you will often be

LEARN AT EVERY This course is an opportunity for you to learn in a

MORNING SESSION: TIME (APPROX.)

INTRODUCTION & COURSE GUIDE 8:00 – 8:30 AM

CONTROLLER AREA NETWORKS 8:30 – 10:00 AM

BREAK: 10:00 – 10:15 AM

CONTROLLER AREA NETWORKS 10:15 – 11:30 AM

LUNCH: 11:30 – 12:30 PM

CAN SIMULATIONS & GUIDED PRACTICE 12:30 – 1:00 PM

LIN NETWORKS 1:00 – 2:00 PM

BREAK: 2:00 – 2:15 PM

INPUT/OUTPUT DIAGNOSIS 2:15 – 3:00 PM

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 3:00 – 5:00 PM

Throughout this course, you will come across several

The Reference Icon indicates you must refer to

The Computer Simulation Icon indicates there are

The Activity Icon indicates an activity that supports a

The Feedback Icon indicates a process check meant to

COURSE ACHIEVEMENT A final score of 80% or higher is needed for completion

 Guided practice exercises

NOTE: Lack of punctuality may result in a loss of points

PERFORMANCE The performance scorecard is used to track your

ABS – Antilock Braking System DVOM – Digital Volt Ohm Meter

A/C – Air Conditioning ECU – Electronic Control Unit

ADM – Assist Door Module ECM – Engine Control Module

BIT – Unit of information in digital ESC – Electronic Stability Control

BYTE – Unit of digital information that ETM – Electrical Troubleshooting

BMS – Battery Management System EPB – Electronic Parking Brake

BSD – Blind Spot Monitoring FAM – Front Area Module

CAN – Controller Area Network FPCM – Fuel Pump Control Module

B-CAN – Body CAN GDS – Global Diagnostic System

C-CAN – Chassis CAN HCU – Hybrid Control Unit

CCP - – Calibration Protocol CAN IDM – Injector Driver Module

D-CAN – Diagnostic CAN IPM – In-Panel Module

H-CAN – Hybrid CAN IPS – Intelligent Power Switch

M-CAN – Multi-Media CAN Junction – Joint Connector for the CAN

DLC – Data Link Connector K-Line – Bi-directional single-wire data

DDM – Driver’s Door Module KGIS – Kia Global Information System

LDWS – Lane Departure Warning System TCM – Transmission Control Module

LIN – Local Interconnect Network TPMS – Tire Pressure Monitoring

MCU – Motor Control Unit (Hybrid) TMU – Telematics Unit

MCC – Multi-purpose Check Connector

MTU – Mozen Telematics Unit

Nodes – Modules on the network

NVLD – Natural Vacuum Leak Detection

Packets – Short fixed-length sections of

PCM – Powertrain Control Module

PODS – Passenger Occupant Detection

RAM – Rear Area Module