CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The Education Act of 1982 delineates a number of rights of students in school.

Among these rights is “the right to receive primarily competent instruction, relevant

quality education in line with national goals and conclusive to their full development.”

The said law provides that every teacher shall be accountable for efficient and

effective attainment of specified learning objectives in pursuance of national

development goals within the limits of the available school resources. (Chan Robles,

Virtual Law Library)

In relation to this, instructional materials play an important part in

implementing of successful teaching and learning process. Instructional materials

come in different forms base on the needs of students, the availability of resources, the

appropriateness to the subject matter, and the allotted time to discuss the subject

matter intended for a particular day. Instructional materials can motivate students, can

catch the attention of students, and can make the teaching and learning process an

enjoyable task.

The teacher also plays an important role in the implementation of the

instructional materials. Since every learner is different from one another and all of

them have their own unique way of learning styles, the teacher must have rich
resources of instructional materials and how to use such materials for instructional

purposes. This is because the lesson enhances through the use of instructional

materials.

Most of the conventional and common place instructional materials used by the

teachers are classified under visual aids. The development of newer devices simply

provides the teacher with more tools with which to add dimensions to his or her

profession.

In teaching and learning process, it includes the teachers, learners, and the

environment; other factors must also be considered to assure the effectiveness of the

learning of students which includes the approaches, techniques, and strategies. These

factors will help the teachers make the lesson more efficient. It will also build a

healthy teaching-learning relationship among their students. Above all, the use of

instructional materials is the highlight factor or the basic concept of learning inside the

classroom wherein, selection of instructional materials will serve as the key feature of

an effective teaching that will meet the needs of the learners and fit the constraints of

the teaching and learning environment.

The use of instructional materials in instruction to contrast the idea that

Mathematics is purely mental activities has been acknowledged. Courses regarding

Modern Geometry are being offered in most school. The use of graphing calculators

and computer algebra system is highly encouraged.

 It has been observed that teaching and learning difficult difficulties in

Mathematics may be traced to abstract, nature of the subject, language problem,

student’s attitude towards the subject, student’s inability to visualize correctly, lack of

mathematical models, teacher’s attitude towards the concepts and lack of qualified

teachers. (Martina, 2009)

In recent years, attention was focussed in the use and role of instructional

materials in Mathematics to improve student’s academic performance. This implies

that the teaching of Mathematics without the use of instructional materials may

certainly result in poor academic performance. Students get motivated when they are

actively involved in the teaching and learning process and this will minimize teaching

of Mathematics in abstraction.

Instructional material can refer to a number of teacher’s resources. However,

the term usually refers to concrete examples, such as worksheets or manipulative. It

can also add important structure to lesson planning and the delivery of instructions. In

addition to supporting learning more generally, instructional materials can assist

teachers in an important professional duty, the differentiation of instruction. Getting

your hands in valuable instructional materials is not really as difficult as it can be seen

at first.

The objectives, students, learning environment and the availability of the

resources are some factors to consider in choosing instructional materials. Design

“The content is accurate, logical and well-organized, objectives are clearly defined and
the content helps to achieve the necessary objectives” (Morton, 2013) the resource

should be well-planned and concrete to maximize the available learning materials and

to save time.

The teacher should have user-friendly visual aid that will further enhance the

student’s imagination and thinking. Efficient instructions should focus in the topic to

avoid confusions to the students and maximize the time allotted for the learning

process. Too much information could lead to ‘information overload’.

With the ideas gathered, the researchers who were Third year Bachelor in

Secondary Education students Major in Mathematics, reckon to pursue this study

about developing the instructional material in Modern Geometry that would be useful

for the tertiary level students who are taking Modern Geometry as the program is

offered at the Batangas State University – ARASOF for future Mathematics teachers.

It will also be a great use to the teachers that will serve as their reference

material in delivering a more productive teaching and for the students to be able to

create more instructional tools that will concretize some concepts in Mathematics.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to develop and evaluate an instructional workbook in Modern

Geometry.

Specifically, this research seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What are the instructional materials used in Modern Geometry?

 2. What is the student’s and teacher’s evaluation of these instructional materials?

3. What is the initial form of the proposed instructional material in Modern

Geometry?

4. What is the evaluation of faculty and students on the proposed instructional

materials?

5. Is there a significant difference in their evaluation?

6. What are the students and faculties suggestions to improve the proposed

instructional material in mathematics?

7. How may the final form of the instructional materials in Modern Geometry be

described?

Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the study

This study will focus on the development and evaluating an instructional

workbook on Modern Geometry, a course for the Bachelor of Secondary Education

students major in Mathematics from the College of Teacher Education. Specifically, it

will survey the assessment of the students with regards to the instructional materials

that are used in teaching Modern Geometry. It will also assess on how these

instructional materials maybe helpful in the teaching and learning process as well as to

the development of the learner’s knowledge. Furthermore, it will examine the

considerations that are important in using/having an instructional workbook that could

be useful to the teacher, students and the course. Base on the needs assessment, an

instructional workbook will be prepared. The workbook is subjected to evaluation as

regards to content, layout, affectivity and activity. Finally, the future suggestions and

recommendations for the improvement of the workbook will be gathered and

incorporated in the final copy of the workbook.

The evaluators of the instructional workbook are the teachers teaching

Mathematics at Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu and the Bachelor of

Secondary Education major in Mathematics third year and fourth year students, who

will take and are taking up the course, will be the respondents of the study. The study

will be conducted at the Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu were the

researchers are studying.

Significance of the study

The result of this study may be beneficial to the university, college teachers

teaching modern geometry, students taking up the course, researchers, and future

researchers in a way that each factor will receive something on purpose. Each of them

will be helped, taught, enhanced and trained regarding on the development of

instructional workbook in teaching modern geometry.

Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu. This study may contribute to

the development of instruction in the university.

College of Teacher Education. The developed instructional workbook may be

used by the college as one of the instructional materials teachers will be using. With

this material, teaching of the said subject will be more effective.

 Teachers of Modern Geometry. This study may provide help to the faculty

members of Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu, especially those who are

teaching Modern Geometry, to enhance and develop the process of knowledge

acquisition of the learners taking the course.

College of Teacher Education Students. This study may help boost the interest

of the learners in the subject area and help them understand the lessons easily with the

use of the instructional materials.

Future Researchers. This study may be beneficial to the future researchers for

this may be used as their pattern in making their own study/thesis proposal. And from

this study, they can get related literatures that they will need.