NAMA KELOMPOK : DINA WITRIANA (4202121008)

NATASYA AUDINA (4202421026)

PUTRI SURYA NINGSIH (4203121037)

SAMPANG ROTUA SIMANULLANG (4202421013)

KELOMPOK : II (DUA)

KELAS : PENDIDIKAN FISIKA B 2020

MATA KULIAH : MEKANIKA

MATERI : OSILATOR HARMONIK

DOSEN PENGAMPU : IRHAM RAMADHANI S.Pd M.Pd

TUGAS RUTIN

1. A wooden block of eross-sectional area A and mass density p when foating in water
displaces avolume V. If a person of masa m jumps on this block, calculate the period Of
amall oseilations
Sebuah balok kayu dengan luas penampang eross A dan massa jenis p ketika
terapung di dalam air menggeser a volume V. jika seseorang dari masa m melompat
di blok ini, hitung periode dari semua getaran
(Buku Introduction to Classical Mechanics Karya Atam P. No. 3.4 Hal. 101)

JAWAB :
1 m
f= √
2π k

1 m
f= √
2π 1 mv 2
2

1 m
f= √
2π mv 2
2
 1 2
f= √
2π v 2

1 √2
f=
2π v

√2
f=
2πv

Maka T atau periode adalah

1
T=
√2
2πv

2πv
T=
√2

2. On the surface of the moon, the acceleration of gravity is about one-sixth that on the Earth.
What is the half-period of a simple pendulum of length 1 m on the moon?
(Buku Analytical Mechanics Karya Fowles, No. 3.6 Hal. 139)

JAWAB :

We know that half-period is defined as

1
Thalf = T
2 0

Where T0 is “ordinary” peroiod definbed as

1
T0 = 2π√
g

Where l is length of the pendulum and g is acceleration of the grafity on Earth. Problem
states that acceleration of gravity on the Moon is one sixth of the acceleration of gravity on
earth:

1
g moon = gEarth
6
 1
g moon = . 9,81 m/s2
6

g moon = 1.635 m/s2

we can easily calculate half-period of simple pendulum of length 1 m on the surface of the
Moon ( using equation (1), (2) ans (3) as

1 1
Thalf.moon = 2 π√
2 g moon

1
Thalf.moon = π . √
1.635 m/s2

Thalf.moon = 2.46 s

3. A piston executes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.1 m. If it passes through
the center of its motion with a speed of 0.5 m/s, what is the period of oscillation?

(Buku Analytical Mechanics Karya Fowles, No. 3.2 Hal. 139)

JAWAB :

Basically, what we need to solve this problem is relation for displacement x

x(t) = x0 sin (ω0t) (1)

where x0 0,1 is amplitude of the harmonic motion, ω0 is anguler frequency of the harmonic
motion and t is time. Anguler frequency is connected with the periode of the harmonic
motion T as
2π
ω0 = (2)
T

When we take a derivate of the equation (1) we got

x0ω0 cos (ω0t) (3)
 Where x is speed of the piston when it passes through the center. We know that speed of
some point in harmonic motion is zero when that point is at amplitude (then point come to
stop) and it is at maxiumum when it passes through the center of the harmonic motion. Then
we know that when t = 0, x = 0. From there we have, from equation (2) and (3)
2π
0,5 m/s = 0,1m . cos (ω0 . 0)
T

Rearranging this last equation we get the periode oscillation as

0,1m.2π
T= 0,5 m/s

T = 1,26 s

4. A guitar string vibrates harmonically with a frequency of 512 Hz (one octave above middle
C on the musical scale). If the amplitude of oscillation of the centerpoint of the string is 0.002
m (2 mm), what are the maximum speed and the maximum acceleration at that point?

(Buku Analytical Mechanics Karya Fowles, No. 3.1 Hal. 139)

JAWAB :

So, we know the expression for displacement at the point x is connected with its amplitude A
and frequency f as

x = A sin (2πft) (1)

where t is time at wich we observe our point. We can calculate the speed at that point by
taking a derivative of equation (1), so we would get

ẋ = A . (2πf) cos (2πft) (2)

Similarly, we can find the acceleration at that point by taking a derivative of equation (2)

ẍ = A . (2πf)2 sin (2πft) (3)

Since the problem asks us the value of maximum speed and acceleration (maximum values of
equation (2) and (3) are when sin (2πft) = 1, equation (2) and (3) becomes

ẋmax = A . (2πf) (4)

and
 ẍmax = A . (2πf)2 (5)

So, inverting nubers from the problem we can calculate the maximum speed as

ẋmax = 0,002 m . (2π . 512 . Hz)

ẋmax = 6,43 m/s

and maximum acceleration at that point is

ẍmax = 0,002 m . (2π . 512 . Hz)2

ẍmax = 2,07 . 104m/s2

5. A particle undergoing simple harmonic motion has a velocity 𝑥1 when the displacement is 𝑥1
and velocity 𝑥2 when displacement is 𝑥2. Find the angular frequency and the amplitude of the
motion in terms of the given quantities.

(Buku Analytical Mechanics Karya Fowles, No. 3.5 Hal. 139)

JAWAB :
1
We know spring energy will be Ep = 2kx2

Also, we can assume that this time system is frictionless, so we can write law of conversation of
total energy as :
1 1 1 1
𝑚𝑥12 + 2 𝑘𝑥12 = 2 𝑚𝑥22 + 2 𝑘𝑥22 (1)
2
Also, we have defined anguler frequency ω0 as :
𝑘
ω0 = √ 𝑚 (2)

So, we can find needed quantities from equation (1) and then insert it in equations (2) to
calculate anguler frequency of the system as :
1 1 1 1
𝑚𝑥12 + 𝑘𝑥12 = 𝑚𝑥22 + 𝑘𝑥22 / 2
2 2 2 2

𝑘 𝑥 2 −𝑥 2
= 𝑥12 −𝑥22 (3)
𝑚 2 1

Then we insert this result into equation (2) to calculate anguler frequency as:

𝑥 2 −𝑥 2
ω0 = √𝑥12 −𝑥22 (4)
2 1
 The calculate The calculate amplitude of the motion we can also use law of conversation of
energy, just for different situations; situations when system isin it’s amplitude distance A and
when it is in situation 1 (or we can choose 2, it doesn’t matter). So, law of conversation of energy
gives ;
1 1 1 1
𝑘𝐴2 + 2 𝑚𝑥12 = 2 𝑚𝑥22 + 2 𝑘𝑥12 (5)
2

Then we can insert result (3) into equation (5) to calculate amplitude of the motion in terms of
the given quantities as :

Angular frequency of the system is

And amplitude of this system is

6. A spring of stiffness k supports a box of mass M in which is placed a block of mass m. If the
system is pulled downward a distance d from the equilibrium position and then released, find the
force of reaction between the block and the bottom of the box as a function of time. For what
value of d does the block just begin to leave the bottom of the box at the top of the vertical
oscillation ? Neglect any air resistance.

(Buku Analytical Mechanics Karya Fowles, No. 3.8Hal. 139)

JAWAB :

Step 1

First we can observe the motion of the whole system: both box abs block. If we denote
discplacement of the system X. Then we can write Newton’s second law as

−𝑘𝑋 = ( 𝑀 + 𝑚 ) ẍ.

Since the box and the block are moving inunison (this is our initial assumption) we can say that
equation (1) can be applied to the block .i.e

−𝑘𝑥=( 𝑀+𝑚 )𝑥̈𝑚

 𝑘
𝑥̈𝑚 = - 𝑀+𝑚

From result (2) we can actually read off the angular frequeney of the oscillations, so we can
describe oscilations of block as

𝑘
xm = dcos (√𝑀+𝑚 − 𝑡)

Where we recognize that d is actually the amplitude of the motion . also, we hav chosen 𝜎=0 (
we have that freedom because problem didn’t specify this particular initial condition)

Finnaly , we can find the total force on block m as

𝐹𝑚=𝑚𝑥̈𝑚 =𝑚𝑔−𝐹𝑟

Where Fr is force of reaction between the block and the bottom of the box ( notice that Fr has a
different direction that the gravitational force between block and earth) so, if we insert result (3)
into equation (4) . we can calculate Fr as a function of time as

𝑘 𝑘
-m 𝑀+𝑚 dcos (√𝑀+𝑚 − 𝑡)=𝑚𝑔−𝐹𝑟

𝑚𝑘𝑑 𝑘
𝐹𝑟 = mg + cos (√ − 𝑡)
𝑀+𝑚 𝑀+𝑚

𝑚𝑘𝑑
𝐹𝑟=0=𝑚𝑔−𝑀+𝑚

Result

𝑚𝑘𝑑 𝑘
𝐹𝑟 = mg + 𝑀+𝑚 cos (√𝑀+𝑚 − 𝑡)

𝑔 ( 𝑚+𝑀)
d= 𝑘

7. Consider the electrical system shown in fig p.4.6 calculate

a. The resonanse frequency
b. The resonanse width
c. The power absorbed at resonanse

(Buku Introduction to Classical Mechanics Karya Atam P. No. 4.6 Hal. 135)
JAWAB :.

a. Frekuensi resonansi
1
F=
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
1
F = 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
b. The resonansi width
B = 𝑓2 − 𝑓1
𝑓𝑟
B = 𝑄𝑟
1
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
B= 𝑅
1
B = 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
c. Daya Resonansi
P = V(t) . I(t)
P = (V(x) Sin Wt) . (Ix Sin Wt – φ)
1
Catatan : (Sin2 Wt = 2)

Tinjau ekspansi faktor Sin (Wt – φ)

P = (Vx . Ix) ( Sin Wt ) ( Sin Wt Cos φ) – ( Cos Wt Sin φ )
P = Vx . Ix Sin2 Wt Cos φ – Vm . Im Sin Wt . Cos Wt Sin φ
1
P = Vx . Ix 2 Cos φ – Vm . Im Sin Wt . 0
1
P = Vx . Ix 2 Cos φ – 0
1
P = Vx . Ix Cos φ.
2

8. A small mass m is in a box of mass M that is tied to a vertical spring of stiffness

constant k. When displaced from its equilibrium position y, lo y, and let go, it executes
simple harmonic motion. Cal culate the reaction between m and M as a function of time.
Does the mass m always stay in con tact with the box? If not, what determines that it will
not be in contact with M7 Calculate the value of has measured from the equilibrium
position for which the contact is lost.
 (Buku Introduction to Classical Mechanics Karya Atam P. No. 3.3 Hal. 101)

JAWAB :

Rumus umum :

X = Asin (Wt – Rx)

𝑑𝑥
V= = -W A Cos (Wt – Kx)
𝑑𝑡

𝑑2 𝑥
A= = -W2 A Sin (Wt – Kx)
𝑑𝑡

Pada persamaan maksimum

Sin (Wt – bx ) = 1

Maka
𝑑2 𝑥
A1 = = -W2 A.............(1)
𝑑𝑡

2. tinjau benda m

m.as N

∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑚. 𝑎

m.as – f – m.a

m.as - µmg = m.a

a = as - µ g

jika pada keadaan

a=0
maka

as - µg = 0

as = µg

maka :

a 1 = as

-W2A = µg
µg
A=-
𝑤2