Idea- any thought or product of mental activity; can be developed into concepts.

these are anything we think, any product of our mind, any mental activity.
Concepts- are the vehicles of thought that involves images. These are impression
received by sensing our environment.
group of ideas; building blocks of theory; may vary from one person to another.

IDEAS ARE ANYTHING PRODUCE BY OUR MIND, GROUP OF IDEAS LEADS TO A

CONCEPT WHEN WE USE OUR SENSES AND PAST EXPERIENCES TO
PERCEIVE.

3 types:
● Empirical concept- can easily be observed eg. Color of urine, texture of hair,
smoothness of skin, etc.
● Inferential concept- needs instruments to measure things eg. Thermometer,
Blood pressure with sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
● Abstract concept- non-observable non-quantifiable concepts eg. love, care,
death, spirituality

Theory-greek word “theria”: vision; futuristic; a beholding spectacle or speculation.

Kerlinger (1979)- a set of interrelated constructs (variables/concepts) and propositions,

with the purpose of explaining natural phenomena.
-Constructs are concepts invented to suit a special purpose. eg freudian’s id,
ego, superego
-Propositions are statements expressing significant relationship among or
between concepts.
-Phenomena are facts or can be a situation that is observed to exist or happen,
and can be studied. eg. communication, holistic care and management

Hypothesis: There is no significant difference/relationship with nurses in public

and private hospitals in terms of their holistic care and management to their patients.
(null)

Chin and Kramer (1999)- defines theory as a creative and rigorous structure of ideas
that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena.

SUMMARY- theory is made up of groups or set of concepts, interrelated, with rigorous

step by step processes, and with the purpose of explaining and predicting a phenomena
 - the purpose of theory is to describe (report or narrate), explain (clarify by
describing), predict (foresee or anticipate), control (command) the world and its
phenomena.

Theories are not laws

-Theories are tentative and temporary meaning they change and can develop through
time.
-Laws are factual; they remain to be true in all places and in all time.

Model: idea/s --🡪 concepts --🡪 theory

Metaparadigm (major concepts)

-core content of a disciple, stated in the most global or abstract terms
-summarize the intellectual and social missions of the discipline
-broad concepts that define a discipline or profession

Metaparadigm of Nursing
-person: recipient of nursing care; individuals; patients/clients; family/community
-environment: internal and external aspects that influence the person; internal,
intrapersonal communication; external, weather changes
-health: holistic level of wellness; status of we wellbeing of a person
-nursing: autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups
and communities, sick or well in all settings.

Models- are representations of interaction among and between concepts showing

patters; also termed as paradigm or framework.
2 types:
● Verbal Model- narrative description of interrelationships.
● Schematic Model- use schema, symbols, and physical visualizations; diagram,
drawing, graph, or picture eg. discrete-overlapping common areas, pyramid
(foundation to independent), organizational chart, process (IPO- input, process,
output), polarity and continuity.

Knowledge -🡪 Skills -🡪 Quality Nursing Care (verbal model next week)

Assumptions- are self-evident truths; underlying givens that are presumed to be true.
Theoretical Assumption- basic givens or accepted truths that are fundamental to
theoretical reasoning.
Types of Assumption:
 ● Explicit: easy to be recognized; given
● Implicit: not stated in theory; implied

Forms of Assumption:
● Factual Assumptions- based on facts, knowable through experience and easily
recognized.
● Value Assumptions- imply what is right, good, or ought to be. Gains and
benefits.

TFN ASSIGNMENTS:
-advance reading
-schematic model
-post quiz regarding w1 and 2 topics