Eastern Quezon College, Inc.: College of Education (Bsed) Learning Activity #1

Eastern Quezon College, Inc.
Innovation and Research Institution Excellence

Tel. No. +63 (042) 317 5639/ (042) 717 1053/ (042) 421 1449
e-mail: eqcgumaca@yahoo.com
www.eqcgumaca.edu.ph
Quality
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (BSED) Competence
LEARNING ACTIVITY #1
Name: Grade/Score:
Program and Section: Date:
Subject: Curriculum Development
Type of Activity (check or choose from below)
Concept notes Laboratory report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise/Drill Illustration Others:
Activity Title: Curriculum Development

Learning Target:
1. Come up with a concrete concept of a curriculum.
2. Explain the nature and importance of curriculum in schools.
References: Emerita Reyes, Ed. D. and Erlinda Dizon, Ed. D., Curriculum Development, pages 1-11
Purita P. Bilbao, Ed. D.
Filomena T. Dayagbil, Ed. D.
Brenda B. Corpuz, Ph. D., Curriculum Development, pages 7-10
Dear Doc. Gloria L. Ching
Good day!
My name is Mark Ervin Roldan Chong I’m 21 years old

currently I’m working as students assistant in Eastern Quezon college Inc.,
being working student is challenging because first you gonna be
responsible to yourself, I’m so happy because finally I’m in the last stage
of my college journey. Know your dreams and keep going no matter what
happen I keep those lines in my mind.
Here is my contact number 09635116583 and my account

markervinchong@yahoo.com thank you !
Concept Notes:
What is Curriculum?
The word curriculum has been in existence since about 1820, and comes from the Latin word “currere”,
which means “to run” or “to run a course.” That is a course of study (subject ng pag-aaral), which contains a body of
subject matter approved for teaching in schools. However, as time passed by, experts defined “curriculum” in
different ways. By and large, the way we view curriculum reflects our approach to it. According to Ornstein and
Hunkins, we can specify five basic definitions of curriculum.
First, curriculum can be defined as a plan for achieving goals. This position, popularized by Tyler and
Taba, exemplifies a linear view of curriculum. The plan involves a sequence of steps. Today, most behavioral
and some managerial exams agree with this definition. For example, Jay Galen Saylor defines curriculum as “a
plan for providing sets of learning opportunities for persons to be educated. “David Pratt writes, “curriculum is
an organized set of formal education and training interactions. John Wiles and Joseph Bondi view curriculum as
a four-step plan involving purpose, design, implementation, and assessment. The curriculum worker wants the
plan’s “intent” to be realized as fully as possible.
Second, curriculum can be defined broadly, as dealing with the learners’ experience.
Third, definition states that curriculum is a system for dealing with people.
Fourth, curriculum can be defined as a field of study with its own foundations, knowledge, domains, research,
theory, principles, and specialists.
Finally, curriculum can be defined in terms of subject matter (Math, Science, English, History and so on).
Curriculum however can be defined as prescriptive and descriptive or both. Prescriptive definition provides us
with what “ought” to happen while descriptive curriculum thought curriculum how things are in real classrooms.
Importance of Curriculum
Curriculum is the very heart of the school system. There can be no school if there is no curriculum.
Curriculum is the reason for existence of the school. Schools develop their own curriculum, sometimes from
existing planned curriculum to meet its own peculiar need. Curriculum is also the vital software without which
each building and other facilities, (as well as teachers too) will have nothing to do in school.
Curriculum is what is taught in school, a set of subjects, a content, a program of studies, a set of
materials, a sequence of courses, a set of performance objectives, everything that goes within the school. It is
what is taught inside and outside of the school directed by the teacher, everything planned by school, a series of
experiences undergone by learners in school or what individual learner experiences as a result of school. In
short, Curriculum is the total learning experiences of the learner under the guidance of the teacher.
Activity:
1. Define the term “curriculum” as you understand it. How important is the curriculum in the delivery
of instruction to learners in school?
-Curriculum is the most important in school because it will be as a blue print, without curriculum the
school is no direction also curriculum can improved the learning system of the school, it can provides
opportunity for a person to be educated and it can improved the learner’s experience because the curriculum is
the total learning experiences of the learner under the guidance of the teacher.
2. Research on “The Sabre-Tooth curriculum by Harold Benjamin (1939). Read it and find out what
curriculum is all about those times.
-During those times there is no concept of education, the cycle of life that time is repeated again and
again also there is no concept of curriculum, until there was a man of chellan times called “New first hammer
maker” also known as “new first” he was a doer and thinker. New first gained his name and a considerable local
prestige by producing one of these artifacts which is very useful, by virtue of these characteristics he was an
educated man. During that time the curriculum in Paleolithic is nothing until new first discover the foundations
of curriculum that time he notice the difference between children and adult, children played for fun while the
adults worked for security and enrichment of their lives. The children dealt with bones, sticks and pebbles while
the adults dealt with food, shelter and clothing. They are living what they learn and learning what they live.
New first create of discover the three foundations of curriculum that time which is the first subject is fish
grabbing with the bare hands, second subject is wolly horse clubbing and the third subject.

Tel. No. +63 (042) 317 5639/ (042) 717 1053/ (042) 421 1449
Quality
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (BSED)
Competence
Name: Grade/Score:
Activity Title: The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Learning Target:
1. Differentiate the types of curriculum.
2. Distinguish the term “curriculum” and other associated terminologies.
Concept Notes:
Allan Glattorn, describe seven types of curriculum operating in schools.

1. Recommended curriculum- that which is recommended by scholars and professional organizations.
It also encompasses the curriculum requirements of policy making groups, such as DepEd, CHED, and DOST.
2. Written Curriculum- intended primary to ensure that the educational goals of the system are being
accomplished. It is more specific than the recommended curriculum indicating a rationale that supports the
curriculum, the general goals to be accomplished, the specific objectives to be mastered, the sequence of
objectives to be studied and the kinds of the learning activities that should be used.
3. Taught Curriculum- the delivered curriculum that an observer sees in action as the teacher teaches.
4. Supported Curriculum-includes those resources that support the curriculum- textbooks, software,
and other media.
5. Assessed Curriculum-that which appears in tests and performance measures.
6. Learned Curriculum-the bottom line curriculum, the curriculum that students actually learned.
7. Hidden Curriculum-the unintended curriculum. It defines what students learn from the physical
environment, the policies and the procedures of the school.
Distinction between curriculum and other related terminologies.
1. Syllabus-part of a curriculum. It is the content of the school subjects offered in school, and it is sub-
set of the curriculum. It normally contains what students will learn in the various subjects in a year.
2. Scheme of work/systematic of work. A breakdown of the contents of what students are expected to
learn in a given period such as a term or semester.
3. Course of study-an educational programmed leading to the award of a certificate at the end of the
program for a particular set of learners. For example, a Teacher Certification in Education (TCE), Bachelor of
Secondary Education (B.S.E.D). Mainly to a programmed of learning that are offered to students.
4. Lesson Notes or Lesson Plan-a guide for teachers to assist them in the orderly presentation of a
lesson.
Exercises to check your knowledge.
1. Make a clear distinction in your own words between curriculum and

a. Syllabus c. Course of study
b. Scheme of worth d. Lesson note
-The syllabus is clearly have a different to the curriculum because syllabus is a part of curriculum it only
depend in what contain of curriculum.
-Scheme of work base on my own understanding is the timeline of learning it is intended learning of the students in
expected time line also it is a part of curriculum because it just also depend in what intended learning outcomes
encompassed in curriculum expected in the end of semester.
-Course of the study is totally different in curriculum because it is encompass to the programmed that can offer to the
leaners mostly it is about to the certifications and awards.
-Lesson note or lesson plan is based on curriculum it serves as a guide of the teachers to have a direction of learning for
students.
2. Among the seven types of curriculum, in which type do you think are teachers directly involved at?
Explain your answer.
-Mostly the primarily directed the teachers on seven types of curriculum is taught curriculum because it is
encompassed on how they delivered the curriculum that an observer sees in action as the teacher teaches.

Tel. No. +63 (042) 317 5639/ (042) 717 1053/ (042) 421 1449
e-mail: eqcgumaca@yahoo.com Quality

Competence
Name: Grade/Score:
Activity Title: The Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum

Learning Target:
1.Compare and contrast the philosophical beliefs of perennialism, essentialism, progressivism
and reconstructionism.
2.Explain the influence of the four educational philosophies of curriculum.
Concept Notes:
Philosophical Foundations of the Curriculum

Philosophy provides educators, especially curriculum workers, with a framework for organizing schools
and classrooms. It helps them answer what school are for, what subjects are of value, how students learn and
what methods and materials to use. It provides the framework for broad issues and tasks, such as determining
the goals of education, the content of its organization, the process of teaching and learning, and in general what
experiences and activities they wish to stress in schools and classrooms.
Studying philosophy helps us to handle our own personal system of beliefs and values, that is, the way
and manner that we perceive the world around us and how we actually define what is important to us. Since
philosophical issues have always influenced society and our institutions of learning, the study and
understanding of philosophy of education in relation to curriculum development becomes vital and imperative.
Philosophy and Curriculum

Philosophy is the starting point in any curriculum decision making and is the basis for all the subsequent
decisions regarding curriculum. Philosophy becomes the criteria for determining the aims, selection,
organization, and implementation of the curriculum in the classroom.
The Four Philosophies of Education

1. Perennialism- means “evaluating” like a perennial flower that blooms year after year. It is the oldest
and most conservative educational philosophy which has its roots in the Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. The
perennialists believe that humans are rational and the aim of education is “to improve man as man”, (Hutchins,
1953). Perennialism focuses on the universal truth and considered this truth are always valid.
2. Essentialism- advocates instilling in students with the essential or basics of academic knowledge and
character development. Essentialists believe that teachers should instill traditional values such as respect for
authority, fidelity to duty, consideration for others and practicality.
3. Progressivism- philosophical belief that argues that education must be based on the fact the humans
are by nature social and learn best in real life activities with other people. The people most responsible for
progressivism was John Dewey (1859-1952). Progressivists emphasize the study of the natural and social
science.
4. Reconstructionism-favor reform and argue that students must be taught how to bring about change.
Reconstructionism is a philosophy that believe in the rebuilding of social and cultural infrastructures. Students
are to study social problems and think of ways to improve society.
To improve and reconstructing the community the curriculum is dynamic, reforms the society, improve
the society “reconstruct=rebuild”
Activity:
1. Compare and contrast the philosophical beliefs of perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and
reconstructionism.
The Perennialism believe that the purpose of education in this world is to develop the human nature also
to know who’s they really are unlike to the beliefs of Essentialism they believe that teachers should
instill the traditional values such as respect of authority, fidelity to duty, consideration for others and
practicality.
In progressivism believe that the education must be based on the fact the humans are by nature social
and learn best in real life activities with other people, unlike the beliefs of reconstructionism believe that
in the rebuilding of social and cultural infrastructures, because students are to study social problems and
think of ways to improve society.
2. Explain the connection of philosophy in the curriculum in the light of the present educational system.
-The connection of philosophy in curriculum is very important and undoubtedly because curriculum is
encompassed to the philosophy and it is the root of curriculum. Philosophy is the starting point in any
curriculum decision, there is no school without curriculum and there is no curriculum without philosophy even
hundred years will pass still the connection of philosophy in curriculum is never be fade.

Tel. No. +63 (042) 317 5639/ (042) 717 1053/ (042) 421 1449
Quality
Competence
Name: Grade/Score:
Activity Title: Psychological Foundations of the Curriculum

Learning Target:
1. Discuss the importance of psychology in framing a curriculum.
2. Distinguish the different Psychological Perspectives Influencing Curriculum and their
Proponents.
Concept Notes:
Psychological Foundations
Psychology deals with the study of mental processes that determines a person’s behavior and thinking.
When applied to teaching and learning, it provides the basis for understanding how students learn and to take
into consideration individual differences when designing a curriculum. It is only when students learn and gain
from the curriculum will be the curriculum be considered to be successful. Ralph Tyler, a well kwon scholar in
the curriculum development proposed in 1960’s that anything that is to be taught in the classroom should be
subjected to a psychology “screen” to establish whether they are congruent with how human learns.
Apply the psychology the mental processes individual differences of the people develop the curriculum that can apply to
the different students.
1. Behaviorism- The behaviorist approach in studying learning can be traced to the philosophic tradition
of Aristotle, Descartes, and Locke. They argued that behavior can be conditioned by altering the environment.
In other words, by manipulating and giving a certain stimulus, a certain response can be produced. Motivation
to learn was assessed to be delivered by drives such as hunger, reward and punishment.
2. Cognitivism- cognition can be defined broadly as the act or process of knowing. Cognitive theories of
learning focus on the mind or “black box” and attempt to show how information is received, assimilated, stored,
and recalled. Learning is a multifaceted, complex, and dynamic process on going. This is not surprising since
the human mind is so complex and attempting to unravel its mysteries is only just beginning. The various
theories proposed examine small facet of cognition and for this reason there are many explanations of how
humans think, solve problems, make decisions, and learn. Ivan pablom
3. Constructivism- a perspective of learning that has its origins in the works of Bruner, Piaget, and
Vygotsky. The knowledge, beliefs, and skills an individual brings to a learning situation should be given due
importance. Learners are not passive recipients of information but are active agents engaging in constructing
their own knowledge. In other words, learning involves the construction of new understanding by combining
prior learning with new information. In other words, knowledge is constructed in the mind of the learner
(Brooks and Brooks, 1993). Should able to understand howard garner
Constructivism emphasizes that learning is social activity. The environment in which young people learn
has a very powerful influence on them. Learning is therefore a social activity.
4. Humanism-advocates humanizing teaching and learning. The learner is a person who has feelings,
attitudes and emotions. Emotions such as self-efficacy, self-assurance, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
determine how a student approaches learning. However, not all emotions facilitate learning.
Activity:
1. Research on any of the following theories after which relate it to learning behavior and thinking.
1. Ivan Pavlov Theory of classical conditioning through a series of experiments with dogs (1849-1936).
2. Thorndike’s Theory of learning as habit formation (1847-1980)
2. How important is psychology in framing a curriculum?
-Psychology is very important part of curriculum because it is exemplifies into differences when designing the
curriculum also psychology deals with the study of mental process that determines a person’s behavior and
thinking. There is four psychological foundation it consist of behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism and
humanism. Those four foundation of psychology is sufficient to frame the curriculum.

Tel. No. +63 (042) 317 5639/ (042) 717 1053/ (042) 421 1449
Quality
Competence
Name: Grade/Score:
Subject: Curriculum
Activity Title: Historical and Sociological Foundations of Curriculum

Learning Target:
1. Examine how history and society influenced curriculum.
2. State one’s own values and beliefs about the nature of learning.
Concept Notes:
Historical Foundations of Curriculum
Pre-hispanic Filipinos had no formal schools. Learning began in the home. Education was oral, practical
and hands-on. Pre-Spanish children were taught reading, writing and arithmetic by their parents. Basically, the
objective of education during this period was to prepare children to become good husbands and wives as well as
to become productive members of the community. Because of foreign domination and several historic events,
our education underwent several changes although we also retained some of the ancient teaching that our
forefathers had taught us. The arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines paved way to establishments of schools
in the country. The friars established parochial schools in accordance with the primary goal of colonial
education to spread Christianity throughout the archipelago. Hence, religion (Christian Doctrine) was a
compulsory subject at all levels- from primary to the universities. Public Education for the natives began in the
late 19th century. Although the Spanish government exerted effort to educate the Filipinos, basic education
remained inadequate and defective for the rest of the Spanish period.
The Americans was able to effectively influenced the Philippine Educational System. They used
education as an instrument to pacify the native and eventually colonized the island. They started opening
schools at Manila at the time they were still in the process of consolidating their position in the city. The first
group of American teachers arrived in Manila, board of transport ship Thomas. These teachers became
popularly known as Thomasites. The Filipinos learned not only the English Language but to adhere and
appreciate American way of life.
When the Japanese officially occupied Manila on January 3, 1942, they recognized the important role of
education in realizing their vision of a new order in Asia. The Japanese education made people understand the
position of the Philippines as a member of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere; eradicate the old idea of
the reliance upon the western nations and foster a new Filipino culture on the self-consciousness of the people
as Orientals and elevate the morals of the people as Orientals as well as the diffusion of Japanese language in
the Philippines
Sociological Foundations of Curriculum

Schools are part and parcel of society and exist for society. Society influences schools thru its
curriculum. Schools thru their teaching of the curriculum, can shape and molds society and society in turn can
impact the curriculum. There is rarely a curriculum that is developed without reflecting society. Education
systems are closely tied to the institutional network of the society. In other words, to understand what is taught,
and why is it taught. We need to look at the social forces that shape the curriculum, the following questions
must be addressed:
1. To what extent should curriculum consider the world outside of the school?
2. How changes on society affect curriculum?
Activity:
1. Explain how history and society influenced the school curriculum.
In pre Hispanic there is no formal education in the Philippines until the Spanish arrive in Philippines
they establish the education usually the concept of education during that time is for being practical to
prepare them as a good husbands and good wives. When we talk about the influence of society in the
school curriculum we say that totally there is a big influence of society in curriculum because actually
we can considered that the school is an society because school have an environment which is
exemplifies the inherent of human, also school is only exist for society and the curriculum undergone in
school is based on society.
2. In your view as a student teacher to what extent does the curriculum in your school take the needs and
interests of learners?
-As a student teacher for me the supported, assessed and learned curriculum take the needs and interest of the learners
because in supported curriculum it encompassed the primary basic needs of the students such as textbooks, software
and other media, for assessed curriculum whereupon it measures the performance of the learners which is appears in
tests and performances and last is learned curriculum it is encompasses for the curriculum if it is indicating that is
successful it the learners or student is actually learned.

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Eastern Quezon College, Inc.

Innovation and Research Institution Excellence

Activity Title: Curriculum Development

Dear Doc. Gloria L. Ching

My name is Mark Ervin Roldan Chong I’m 21 years old

Here is my contact number 09635116583 and my account