aq) Designation: D 5-97 Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials‘ “Thin ean is sd under designation D5 thenamtrimmedaely flowing th esgnaton inde the year of rignal septom onthe case of ein, the yen of ln revision Amber in paris indcules th ear of as eappova A Soper pion) iets an etal charge since tel reson orp ‘The standard hasbeen approved for use by apace of the Department of Defense. 1. Seope 1.1 This test method covers determination of the penetration of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials 1.2 The needles, containers and other conditions described in this test method provide for the determinations of penetra- tions up to $00. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be considered standard, L4 This standard does not purport 10 address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard 10 establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2, Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards. C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements, for Test Methods for Construction Materials? 1D 36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring ‘nd-Ball Apparatus)? E11 Specification for ASTM Thermometers* E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Liquid- ‘in-Glass Thermometers* 2.2 ANST Standard: B46.1 Surface Texture? 23. ISO Standard ISO Standard 468 Surface Roughness—Parameters, Their ‘Values and General Rules for Specifying Requirements* 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 penetration, n—consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimeter that @ standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature, "Thi tet mato under the jurisition of ASTM Commitee Dt en Rou sand Paving Mates and isthe dws eportily of Subcommitee DOE en bedlogiel Tes. ‘Cure edtin sproved Now 10,197. Published Febrny 1998. Orgially pulblied os D597, Lan prvious ein D595 nme Boot of ASTA Senda, Vol 9402. > nna Book of ASDA Standats, Yo! 0408, “Arm Book of AST Standards, Vo 403, = Avan from American Natal Sudan Taste, 11 W. A2ad St, 13h, let, New York, NY 10036. TABLE 1 Precision Criteria a ror! Content at Fanart Two “ vonsents ce «aera eign (ee ieee (Sea ee ae) pon so ox 1 ‘render ine pepe HE GOS 60 petain 48 a “Pistons paceman taper ascryrcont 82 ‘8 vane reson corte a FG) on 5 us ‘ ‘eral ue sepcinetT "EGS, 00peniatan 88 " “cone pect serbuhetl Pe ch 14 ‘ 7 atnats of procsion for tarps are based o resus Fo 2 phos wih penetaon o7 and 24, Eatmatze may nt be sppteabelo appre Naar Saher raters 4, Summary of Test Method 4.1 The sample is melted and cooled under controlled conditions. The penetration is measured with 2 penetrometer by means of which a standard needle is applied to the sample under specific conditions. 5. Significance and Use 5.1 The penetration test is used as a measure of consis- tency, Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency. 6. Apparatus 6.1 Penetration Apparatus—Any apparatus that permits the needle holder (spindle) to move vertically without measurable fiction and is capable of indicating the depth of penetration to the nearest 0.1 mm, will be acceptable, The weight of the spindle shall be 47.5 + 0.05 g. The total weight of the needle and spindle assembly shall be 50.0 + 0.05 g. Weights of 50 = (0,05 g and 100 = 0.05 g shall also be provided for total loads of 100 g and 200 g, as required for some conditions of the test. ‘The surface on which the sample container rests shall be flat and the axis ofthe plunger shall be at approximately 90° to this surface. The spindle shall be easily detached for checking its weight. 6.2 Penetration Needle: 6.21 The needle (see Fig. 1) shall be made from fully hardened and tempered stainless steel, Grade 440-C or equal,ib vs 1 for the taller. Then place the two samples together with the transfer dish, if used, in the water bath maintained at the prescribed temperature of test. Allow the smaller container to remain for 1 to 1.5 h and the taller (6 02) container to remain for 1.5 to 2 h, 8. Test Conditions 8.1 Where the conditions of test are not specifically men- tioned, the temperature, load, and time are understood to be 25°C (77°F), 100 g, and 5 5, respectively. Other conditions may be used for special testing, such as the following: Temperature, °C °F) Lo, 3 Time, ¢ 02) 20 ‘ 4602) 20 o a5 (ni9, 2° 5 4515) 2 5 In such cases the specific conditions of test shall be reported. 9, Procedure 9.1 Examine the needle holder and guide to establish the absence of water and other extraneous materials, If the pen- stration is expected to exceed 350 use a long needle, otherwise use a short needle, Clean a penetration needle with toluene or other suitable solvent, dry with a clean cloth, and insert the nevdle into the penetrometer. Unless otherwise specified place ‘the 50-g weight above the needle, making the total weight 100 +01g 9.2 Iftests are to be made with the penetrometer in the bath, place the sample container directly on the submerged stand of the penetrometer (Note 2). Keep the sample container com- pletely covered with water in the bath. If the tests are to be ‘made with the penetrometer outside the bath, place the sample container in the transfer dish, cover the container completely with water from the constant temperature bat and place the transfer dish on the stand of the penetrometer. Nor 2—Forreferee tests, pentatons at temperatures other than 258C (77) should be made without removing the sample from the bath 9.3 Position the needle by slowly lowering it until it tip just ‘makes contact with the surface of the sample, This is accom- plished by bringing the actuel needle tip into contact with its image reflected on the surface of the sample from a properly placed source of light (Note 3). Either note the reading of the penetrometer dial or bring the pointer to zero. Quickly release the needle holder forthe specified period of time and adjust the instrument to measure the distance penetrated in tenths of a millimetre. If the container moves, ignore the result. Nore 3—The positioning of he nee ean be materially aided by using an iuminated poly-metty! methaerylte tube. 9.4 Make at least three determinations at points on the surface of the sample not less than 10 mam from the side of the Container and not less than 10-mm apart. If the transfer dish is used, retum the sample and transfer dish to the constant ‘temperature bath between determinations. Use a clean needle for each determination. If the penetration is greater than 200, use atleast three needles leaving them in the sample until the three determinations have been completed. 10. Report 10.1 Report to nearest whole unit the average of three penetrations whose values do not differ by more than the following: 2 50% 150: 2500 Penattion 48 ao a9 “S00 Maxinin france between Wghest = 2g th 11. Precision and Bias 11.1. Use the following criteria for judging the acceptability of penetration results for asphalt at 25°C. The precision at other temperatures is being determined ILL Single Operator Precision—The single operator co- efficient of variation has been found to be 1.4% for penetra- tions above 60, and the single operator standard deviation has bbeen found to be 0.35 % for penetrations below $0. Therefore, the results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same material of any penetration, using the same equipment, should not differ from each other by more ‘than 4% of their mean, or I unit, whichever is larger. 11.1.2 Mutilaboratory Precision—The multlaboratory co- efficient of variation has been found to be 3.8 % for penetra- tions above 60, and the multilaboratory standard deviation has bbeen found to be 1.4 for penetrations below 50, Therefore, the results of two properly conducted tests on the same material of ‘any penetration, in two different laboratories, should not differ from each other by more than 11% of their mean, or 4 units, whichever is larger [Nore 4—These values represent, respectively, the dls (ar dis %) and Ads (or €25%) limits as described in Practice C1670, 11.13. Bias—This test method has no bias because the values determined are defined only in terms of the test method 12. Keywords 12.1 asphalt; bitumen; penetration ‘The American Secey fo Testy and Matera takes no postin rspecing the vaio ary patn fs aeseted in connection ih any Bum mentored i fis andar. Users of is stared ae alent rhs, end he ko ntingeet of such righ re ental) th own respons expressly aaised hat determination of teva fay sch ‘Thi stands sujet to revision at anytime by th response acral canis and mus be revewsd evs fv years and ‘tootrevsed, ether reapprovedor win Your comments are ned eff rovson os standards sceBora cartes, ‘ant shuld be accessed fo ASTM Haque, You commen is wil receive cart constsaton ata mating of th ooporile ‘ecinea commits which you may ate. you fal tat yor comments have not eceives aft ewg ros sree ee wae ‘ws krown ote ASTM Comte on Standares, 100 Bar Hb Bie, West Constance Ph 10eee This standards copyigtes by ASTM, 100 Bar Harbor Dive, Vest Conshtacken, PA 10420-2950, Unted States Indus) ‘eprint enale or mulistecopies) of hs tardad may bo ebtaned by contacting ASTM at he above aisess oat 0-099 9000 (hone), 610-852 E88 (ox) or senicogastn org (nal) or tig the ASTI webate (on attorgy~T 1 Lo be Le La Le La La Lo | ru NORMA PARA A DETERMINAGAO DA | | J-A.E: PENETRAGAO DE MATERIAIS BETUMINOSOS || p_9.53 UNECE 14-1953 AASH.O.r T. 49-49 ASITAM, . $52 — OBJECTIVO ‘Esta norma fi © proresso para a determinagiio da penetragiio dos mate riais betuminosos sélidos ou semi-sédlidos. DEFINICAO Penetracio de um material betuminoso é a maior ow men © material oferece & deforma r istéencia que Joe & expresso pela profundidade alingida por uma agulha normalizada que penetra verticalmente numa amostra do material, sob dadas condigées de carga e temperatura, Quando nao se fixam as condi¢des do ensaio, este € efectuado sob carga de 100 gramas, A temperatura de 25° C. e durante 5 segun- dos, ¢ a penetvagio & medida em déeimas de milimetro. Na carga ineluem-se os pesos da agulha, haste e acessdrios. MATERIAL a) —estufa de temperatura regulavel b) — penetrémetro ¢) —agulha de penetr normalizada @) —cépsulas de ensaio cilindrieas de didmetro interior 55 mm e de altura inte rior 35 mm e) —capsulas de ensaio cilindvicas de rior 45 mm ‘metro interior 70 mm e de altura inte- f) —recipiente para manter a cépsula mergulhada na Agua do banho durante o ensaio, para que nfo haja variagio de temperatu g) —banho-maria capaz de manter a temperatura de h) —termémetro com a precisio de 01° C. i) —eronémetro 3) —espfitula de ago flexivel 1) —boletim do ensaio. C.tO1° CBoletim do ensolo ™) | nimzesio nos servigas DE co ESTUDO Estudo, da. arpamassa, betwminosa a Direopdo de Estradas de Aveiro BLN. 309 Km. 72.0 a 79,0 = LABORATORIO DE ESTALEIRO N PROCESSO N.° 158, = a AMOSTRAGEM DE MATERIAIS BETUMINOSOS ™ DAEs Pe 183 Amosira No 8. 16 Amostragem no loeal do armazenament Amostragem no local de entrega.. ™ Material contido em depésito Camises ou vagdes cisternas...... a por torneiras laterai com garrafa last ada cron = . com garrafa JAStYAdR wun do tubo de descarga ene Durante a carga ou enchimento Caldeivas de distribuigéo. oa a trasvasemento por bombagem Depisito de BALCOS een ™ trasvasamento por gravidade ou — Barris. Tambores..... Pies Granel ™ Material proveniente de um inico lote de fabrico — de varios lotes de fabrico am | Amostra cothida, $I ook Quantidade de material a que se vefere a amostra_J0 ton, 1, embstngens-ow-pites Niimero de porgées clementares, embalagens ou ples recolhidos _ 200 = 200 ‘Temperatura de aquecinento do material durante a amostragem 120° C. | Locatizacéio do material amostrado. 7 a ir preenchido completa « evidedosamente tenha de celocer apenss uma cru Executou: (quer quando se tenha de precncher por extenso, quer quande se Verificou:Pes LL Material necessirio para o ensaio 4.—PREPARACAO DO PROVETE a) —coloca-se 0 material betuminoso necessirio para o ensaio numa cacarola; 4) —aquece-se a cagarola com cuidado para evitar sobreaquecimentos, & tempera- tura mais baixa possfvel, e até que o material betuminoso se torne suficien- temente fluido para vazar facilmente no excedendo em caso algum 0 ponto de amolecimento determinado pelo ensaio de anel de bola, Durante esta opera Ho deve mexer-se a amostra para se tornar homogénea e isenta de bolhas de ar; +) —vaza-se 0 material betuminoso em quatro cApsulas, fazendo-o, para cada uma delas, por uma s6 vez, e até razar a sua parte superior A temperatura de enchi- mento. Se a penetragio for igual ou inferior a 200 deverd utilizar-se a cépsula de 85 mm de altura; se a penetracio for superior a 200 deverd util cépsula de 45 mm de altur: 4) —protegem-se as cépsulas por meio de uma campanula, como proteccAo contra © pé, € deixam-se arrefecer num meio a uma temperatura compreendida entre 20° C. e 80° C. O tempo durante o qual as edpsulas devem permangcer nasse meio nfo deve ser inferior a uma hora e meia nem superior a duas horas, quando a eépsula 6 grande, e ndo deve sor inferior a uma hora nem superior a uma hora e meia, quando a cdpsula é pequena; ¢) —verificadas estas condigdes, colocam-se as eépsulas dentro do banho-maria, conjuntamente com os recipientes que servirio para manter a temperatura CyTole ed Lae a a al a Bolelim do ensat DIRECGIO DOS SERVIGOS DE. Cunstrnein Divecedo de Betrudas da Porte UABORATOAIO. DE ESTALEIRO Weg Syncs ESTRADAS ESTUOO ____ Revestimente betuninose a PROCESSO Ne $. P/2—s/s¢ PENETRACAO DE BETUMES JAE: P, 2253 AMOSTRA N.® B- ; Condigées de ensaio: Temperatura ..... 25° C. ‘Tempo de penetragiio 5. seg. Carga .. 100 = rroven Ne 1 2 | : Soma — wut see or se Penetragio de betume = 14 Observagdes: Executou: Verificou:ss US 1 Lo LL LL cL mL le —B baw tw Quando esta. tolerincia for excedida, devem repetir-se os ensaios. Notas: =1) A vatiagio dos valores oblides nos ensaios feitos om diferentes labora térios deverd ser inferior ao valor da variagdo dada pola express valor médio da_penety 2 50 Variagio 2) As condigdes de carga, temperatura e tempo, mais geralmente empre- gadas, sio as seguintes: @ Quando ndo se fixem as condigdes de ensaio, este ¢ efectuado sob a carga de 100 gramas, & temperatura de 25° C. e durante 5 segundos. .constante durante 0 ensaio. O tempo durante o qual as eépsulas pevmane- em no banho sort de uma hora e meia & duas horas, quando se empregam e de uma hora a uma hora e meia para as cfpsulas as cfpsulas maior menores, A variagio de temperatura do banho-maria nfo deve ir além de orc. 5,—EXECUGAO DO ENSAIO a) —monta-se a agulha de penetragio na sua haste ¢ coloca-se sobre esta a sobre- ‘carga conveniente; }) —coloea-se 0 reeipiente com a ¢: no prato do penetrémetro; a temperatura sula, mantendo-o cheio de Agua do banho, durante 0 ensaio nio deve variar mais que 0,1" C.; ¢) —-faz-se coineidir a ponta da agulha com a coincidéncia .é feilmente observada colocando-se © operador contra a luz e verifieando a coineidéneia da ponte da agulha e a da sua imagem na supet: ficie do material betuminoso, com 0 auxilio do espelho; a) —regula-se 0 penetrdmetro de morlo que © ponteiry indique e #8 superficie livre da amostra. Bota vo no disco gra- auado; 2) —dispara-se 0 crontimetro, soltando sim Tha, durante 5 segundos; f) —apis a penetragio da agulha, da efipsula menos de 1 em; 9) —le-se no disco graduado # penetragio atingida ‘9 trés vexes om cada amostra, sempre que for possivel. A pontos de penetragio da agulha e destes & parede da eépsula nultaneamente a haste que segura a agu- a sua extremidade ndo deve distar do funde h) —efectua-se 0 ensi neia entre dist nfo deve ser inferior a Lem; 4) — para evitar o arvefecimento da amostra, no intervalo de cada penetragio 0 etipionte com a eépsula deve volar para o banho. A agulha deve ser cuida- ‘losamente limpa, primeiro com um ‘pano humedecido num solvente, Para ‘betnminoso aderente, e depois com um pano seco. retirar o material 6.—CALCULO E APROXIMAGAO DOS RESULTADOS é dado pela média das penetragdes observadas sobre trés io devera ser aproximado As uniclades; a) —0 valor da penetra , pelo menos. Esse valor médi dio e cada tum dos valores obtidos para a pene- amostr’ b) —a diferenga entre este valor mé tragio deve ser igual ot inferior A tolerfineia caleulnda da seguinte maneira: fio +1 ‘Tolerdncia