Examples of Psychrometric Calculations For Summer and Winter

Examples of Psychrometric Calculations for Summer and Winter
Example 1. Summer Cycle

A room is to be maintained at 22oC dry-bulb temperature, 50% saturation,
when the sensible heat gain is 10.8 kW in summer. The latent heat gain is
7.2 kW.
Determine the cooling coil and reheater outputs required by using a
psychrometric chart if the plant schematic is as shown below.
DATA:
Outdoor condition is 28oC, 80% saturation.
The outdoor air and recirculated air ratio is 20%/80%.
The Apparatus Dew Point ADP is 8oC
Neglect the cooling coil contact factor.

Note:

The cooling coil output of 38.2 kW is a much higher value than the sensible
heat gain of 10.8 kW.
It should be remembered that the difference is these two values is mostly
from the fresh air cooling load.
It takes quite a lot of energy in summer to cool fresh air coming into air
handling units.
This can be minimised by bringing in minimum fresh air but not too
little otherwise the building will suffer from lack of oxygen and feel stuffy.

Sometimes mistakes are made when sizing cooling apparatus.
If a cooling coil or indoor cooling unit is sized on the sensible heat gain
only without allowing for fresh air load then it will be grossly undersized.
That is why psychrometric charts are required to calculate cooling coil
output including fresh air loads.

So, don’t size cooling coil and indoor cooling units on sensible heat
gain only if there is fresh air coming into the plant.
Size these items of plant using a psychrometric chart.
Example 2. Winter Cycle

A room has a 18.0 kW sensible heat loss in winter and a 4.5 kW latent heat
gain from the occupants.
Determine the supply air temperature and heater battery load using the
following information.
DATA:
Indoor condition: 21oC dry-bulb temperature, 50% saturation.
Outdoor condition: -2oC d.b., 80% saturation.
No preheating or humidification takes place in this simplified example.
Procedure (Winter Cycle)
1. Draw schematic diagram of air-conditioning plant (see above)
2. Plot room condition R on psychrometric chart.
3. Plot outside condition O on psychrometric chart.
4. No Preheater condition P
5. Join points O and R
6. Find the mix point M by measuring the length of the line O-R
and multiply this by the mixing ratio.
On a full size CIBSE psychrometric chart this measures 110mm.
The ratio of recirculated air is 0. therefore; 110mm x
0.8 = 88mm
Measure up the O-R line from point O by 88mm.
This determines point M .
If there is more recirculated air than outside air at the mix point, then
point M will be closer to point R than point O.
7. Find the room ratio.
This is the sensible to total heat ratio.
Neglect signs ie. the total heat for the room will be Sensible loss plus
Latent gain.
Total heat = 18 kW sensible + 4.5 kW latent = 22.5 kW total.
Heat ratio = 18 / 22.5 = 0.8
Plot this ratio on the protractor, top segment, on the psychrometric chart
and transfer this line onto the chart so that it passes through point R.
8. Find the supply air dry bulb temperature by calculation.

9. Plot the supply air condition S on the room ratio line.
This is on a horizontal line from point M to the right hand side of the
chart, and intersects with the RRL.
The supply air Temperature is found to be 32.5oC.
Supply Air Flow Rate

When the sensible heat loss and supply air temperature in winter are
known then the mass flow rate of air is calculated from the following
formula:
Hs = ma x Cp ( ts - tr )
where:
Hs = Sensible heat loss (kW)
ma = mass flow rate of air (kg/s)
Cp = Specific heat capacity of humid air (approx.1.01 kJ/kg
degC)
tr = room temperature
(oC)
ts = supply air temperature
(oC) ..............therefore:
ma = Hs / Cp ( ts - tr )
ma = 18 / 1.01 (32.5 - 21)
ma = 18 / 11.615
ma = 1.55 kg/s
Heater Battery Output
The heater battery output is as follows:
H reheater battery = ma ( hS - hM)
where:
H reheater battery = Reheater battery output (kW)
hS = specific enthalpy at condition S (kJ/kg)
hM = specific enthalpy at condition M (kJ/kg)
The specific enthalpies at points S and M are shown on the

psychrometric chart below.
Hheater battery = ma ( hS - hM)
Hheater battery = 1.55 ( 50 - 34)
Hheater battery = 24.8 kW
Therefore the heater battery load is 24.8 kW.

Example 3. Summer Cycle (Cooling Coil contact factor)
An office is to be maintained at 22oC dry-bulb temperature, 50% saturation in
summer.
The sensible heat gain is 8.0 kW.
The latent heat gain is 2.0 kW.
DATA:
The outdoor air and recirculated air ratio is; 20% / 80%.
The cooling coil contact factor is 0.8. (See explanation of contact factor in page 9)
Procedure (Summer Cycle)

1. Draw schematic diagram of air-conditioning plant (see above)
2. Plot room condition R on psychrometric chart.
3. Plot outside condition O on psychrometric chart.
4. Join points O and R.
5. Find the mix point M by measuring the length of the line O-R and multiply
this by the mixing ratio.
The ratio of recirculated air is 0.8. …….. therefore; 85mm x 0.8 =
68mm
Measure down the O-R line from point O by 68mm.
This determines point M .
6. Find the room ratio. This is the sensible to total heat gain ratio.
Total heat = 8 kW sensible + 2 kW latent = 10 kW total.
Heat ratio = 8 / 10 = 0.8
Plot this ratio on the protractor, bottom segment, on the psychrometric
chart and transfer this line onto the chart so that it passes through point R.
7. Plot the Apparatus Dew Point ADP of the cooling coil.
This is on the 100% saturation curve. The ADP is 80C.
8. Join points M and ADP.
9. Find the off-coil condition W by measuring the length of the line M-ADP and
multiply this by the cooling coil contact factor..
The cooling coil contact factor is 0.8. ……….. therefore; 75mm x 0.8 =
60mm.
Measure down along the line M-ADP by 60mm.
This determines point W.
10. Plot the supply air condition S.
The reheater process will be a horizontal line from point W to point S.
Point S is on the room ratio line.
The supply air temperature is 17oC.
Mass Flow Rate

When the supply air temperature has been found from the psychrometric chart
then the mass flow rate of air can be calculated from the following formula:
ma = Hs / ( Cp ( tr - ts ) )
where:
Hs = Sensible heat gain to room (kW)
Cp = Specific heat capacity of humid air (approx.1.01
kJ/kg degC)
tr = room temperature (oC)
ts = supply air temperature (oC)
The supply air temperature is 17oC.
ma = 8 / ( 1.01 ( 22 - 17 ) )
ma = 1.584 kg/s

Cooling Coil Output

The cooling coil output is as follows:
H cooling coil = ma ( hM - hADP)
where:
H cooling coil = Cooling coil output (kW)
hM = specific enthalpy at condition M (kJ/kg) determined from
psychrometric chart.
hADP = specific enthalpy at condition ADP (kJ/kg) determined
from psychrometric chart
The specific enthalpies at points M and ADP are shown on the psychrometric

Chart below.
H cooling coil = 1.584 ( 50.5 - 25)
H cooling coil = 40.4 kW
Heater Battery Output
The heater battery or reheater output is as follows:
H heater battery = ma ( hS - hW)
where:
H heater battery = Heater battery output (kW)
hS = specific enthalpy at condition S (kJ/kg) determined
from psychrometric chart.
hW = specific enthalpy at condition W (kJ/kg)
determined from psychrometric chart.
The specific enthalpies at points S and W are shown on the psychrometric Chart

below.
H heater battery = 1.584 ( 36.5 - 30.5)
H heater battery = 9.5 kW
Example 4. Winter Cycle with Humidifier
An conference room is to be maintained at 21oC dry-bulb temperature, 50%
saturation in winter.
The sensible heat loss for the room is 17.0 kW.
The latent heat gain is 40 Watts per person (see Air Conditioning section).
Determine the preheater and reheater outputs required and the amount of
moisture to be added at the humidifier in litre/hour, by using a psychrometric
chart if the plant schematic is as shown below.
DATA:
Outdoor condition is -2oC, 80% saturation.
Maximum occupancy is 250 people.
The preheater off coil temperature is 5oC.
Supply air quantity is 8 air changes per hour.
Room volume is 20 x 12 x 4m high = 960 m3.
Latent Heat Gain
The latent heat gain = heat gain per person x number of people
The latent heat gain = 40 W/person x 250 = 10,000 Watts
The latent heat gain = 10 kW
Supply Air & Fresh Air Quantities

Supply air quantity (m3/h) = air change rate x room volume (m3)
Supply air quantity (m3/h) = 8 x 960(m3)
Supply air quantity (m3/h) = 7680 (m3/h)
Supply air quantity (m3/s) = 7680(m3/h) / 3600 = 2.13 (m3/s)
Supply air mass flow rate (kg/s) = Supply air quantity (m3/s) / Specific
Volume (m3/kg)
Supply air mass flow rate (kg/s) = 2.13 (m3/s) / 0.87 (m3/kg)
Supply air mass flow rate (kg/s) = 2.45 kg/s
The fresh air flow rate (kg/s) = 2.45 kg/s x 50% = 1.23 kg/s
Winter Cycle Psychrometrics
1. Draw schematic diagram of air-conditioning plant (see above).
2. Plot room condition O, M and R on psychrometric chart.
3. Plot the after Preheater condition P.
The Preheater process will be a horizontal line from O to P and acts
as a frost coil in this case, heating the air to 5oC.
4. Join points P and R.
5. Find the mix point M by measuring the length of the line P-R
and multiply this by the mixing ratio.
The line measures 82mm long.
82 x 0.5 = 41 mm
6. Find the room ratio.
Plot this ratio on the protractor, so that it passes through point R.
Total heat is 17 kW sensible + 10 kW latent = 27kW.
Ratio is 17/27 = 0.63.
This is found by calculation because we have already calculated
the mass flow rate of supply air from information given in the question.

Supply Air Dry Bulb Temperature

The temperature of supply air is calculated from the following formula:

where:
Hs = Sensible heat loss from room (kW)
degC)
(oC)
( ts - tr ) = Hs / ma x Cp
( ts - tr ) = 17 / 2.45 x 1.01
( ts - tr ) = 6.87 deg.C
( ts - 21) = 6.87 deg.C
ts = 21 + 6.87 deg.C
ts = 27.87 oC say 28 oC.
8. Plot the supply air condition S on the room ratio line.

9. Plot condition H on the psychrometric chart.
This is vertically down from point S, and horizontally across from point M.
This is because M-H is the reheater process and thus a horizontal line
and H-S is the humidification process and is close to a vertical line if steam
is used.
Preheater Battery Output (Or Frost Coil)

The preheater battery output is as follows:
H preheater battery = maf ( hP - hO)

where:

H preheater battery = Preheater battery output (kW)

m af = mass flow rate of fresh air (kg/s)
hP = specific enthalpy at condition P (kJ/kg)
hO = specific enthalpy at condition O (kJ/kg)
H preheater battery = 1.23 ( 12 - 5.5)
H preheater battery = 8.0 kW
Reheater Battery Output
The reheater battery output is as follows:
H reheater battery = ma ( hH - hM)

where:


ma = mass flow rate of supply air (kg/s)
hH = specific enthalpy at condition H (kJ/kg)
Hreheater battery = 2.45 ( 42 - 27)
Hreheater battery = 36.8 kW
Humidifier Output
The amount of moisture added to the air may be calculated from the
following formula:
m moisture added = ma (msS - msH)

where:

m moisture added = The amount of moisture or added or steam flow

rate (kg/s)
m a = mass flow rate of air (kg/s)
m sS = moisture content at condition S (kg/kg
d.a.)
m sH = moisture content at condition H (kg/kg
d.a.)
m moisture added = 2.45 (0.0064 - 0.0054)
m moisture added = 2.45 (0.001)
m moisture added = 0.00245 kg/s
1 litre of water weights 1 kg, therefore;
m moisture added = 0.00245 litre/s
m moisture added = 0.00245 litre/s x 3600 = 8.82 litres/hour

Example 5 Summer Cycle (Air Flows To Be
Calculated)
A Lecture Theatre measures 15 m x 10 m x 6 m high.
It is to be air conditioned in summer so that the room is maintained at 22 oC
dry-bulb temperature, 50% saturation.
DATA:
The Apparatus Dew Point ADP is 7.5oC.
The latent heat gain is 10.0 kW.
The sensible heat gain is 12.0 kW.
The cooling coil contact factor is unknown at present and should be
calculated.
Use CIBSE guide B2 (2001) to determine air flow rates and calculate the
mass flow rate of fresh air and supply air to the room.
The lecture room may be taken as an Assembly hall.
The room is a non-smoking area.

Mass Flow Rates
Information from CIBSE Guide B2 (2001) Table 3.3 is as follows (see
Ventilation – Ventilation rates section);
The recommended outdoor air rate is 8 l/s/person for non-smoking.
Information from CIBSE Guide B2 (2001) Table 3.1 is as follows (see
Ventilation – Ventilation rates section);
Assembly halls and auditorium refers to Table 3.6 (see Ventilation –
Ventilation rates section);
The recommended total air supply rate is 6 – 10 air changes per hour for
high level mechanical strategy.
Fresh Air Flow Rate
Fresh air rate = 8 l/s/p x 200 people = 1600 l/s = 1.6 m3/s

The specific volume at the outside condition may be determined from a
psychrometric chart. It is 0.88 m3/kg.
Mass flow rate = Volume flow rate / specific volume
Mass flow rate (Fresh Air) = 1.6 / 0.88 = 1.82 kg/s .
If the maximum ventilation supply air rate is taken from Table 3.6 to

be 10.0 air changes per hour, then the mass flow rate can be calculated.
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = Volume of room (m3) x air change rate

(ac/h)
Volume of room (m3) = 15 x 10 x 6 = 900 m3
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = 900 (m3) x 10 (ac/h)
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = 9000 m3/h
Volume flow rate (m3/s) = 9000 / 3600 = 2.5
m3/s.
The specific volume at the supply condition may be approximated at this
stage from a psychrometric chart. It is 0.834 m 3/kg.
Mass flow rate (Supply Air) = 2.5 / 0.834 = 3.0 kg/s.

Fresh Air And Recirc. Ratio.
The ratio by mass is therefore;
Fresh air rate = 1.82 kg/s

Supply air rate = 3.00 kg/s
Recirculation air rate = 3.00 - 1.82 = 1.18 kg/s
The ratio of fresh air to total supply air is;

1.82 / 3.00 = 0.6, i.e. 60% fresh air and therefore 40% recirculated air.
It is not unusual to have a high percentage of fresh air in a high
occupancy room such as a Lecture theatre.
The air flows are shown on the schematic diagram below.
Supply Air Temperature by Calculation

In this example the supply air temperature will be found by rearranging the
following formula:
Hs = ma x Cp ( tr - ts )
where:
degC)
(oC)
Rearranging the above formula gives:
( tr - ts ) = Hs / ( ma x Cp )
( tr - ts ) = 12 / ( 3.00 x 1.01 )
( tr - ts ) = 3.96 deg.C
since tr = 22oC
ts = 22 - 3.96 = 18.04 oC
ts = 18 oC approx.
The processes can now be plotted on a psychrometric chart as shown

below.
1. Points O, M and R can be shown on the chart.
2. Point ADP can be indicated and lines drawn between these points as
shown.
3. The room ratio line can be drawn.
4. Point S is then shown on the chart, on the room ratio line at 18 oC.
5. A horizontal line is then drawn from point S towards the line O – ADP.
6. Point W can then be found where the horizontal line W - S intersects the
line O - ADP.
From the psychrometric chart point W is at approximately 9oC dry
bulb.
The heat ratio is 12 kW sensible / 22 kW total = 0.545.
The specific enthalpies are shown below.
Cooling Coil Output

H cooling coil = ma (hM - hADP)
where:
hADP = specific enthalpy at condition ADP (kJ/kg)
determined from psychrometric chart
The specific enthalpies at points M and ADP are shown on the

psychrometric Chart above.
H cooling coil = 3.00 ( 64 - 24)

where:
The specific enthalpies at points W and S are shown on the

H heater battery = 3.00 ( 36 - 26.5)
Example 6 Summer Cycle and Winter Cycle
A Concert Hall measures 40 m x 20 m x 8 m high.
It is to be air conditioned in summer and winter.
Determine the following:
o Air flow rates
o Supply air temperature by calculation in summer and winter.
o Cooling coil contact factor.
o Cooling coil and reheater outputs in summer
o Humidifier output in litres/hour.

The plant schematic is as shown below.
DATA:
Indoor condition all year - 22oC dB temperature, 50% saturation.
Outdoor condition summer - 28oC dB temperature, 80% saturation.
Outdoor condition winter - -3oC dB temperature, 80% saturation.
Maximum occupancy - 1000 people.
ADP of the cooling coil - 8oC
Fresh air requirement - 12 l/s/person
Supply air rate - 8 air changes per hour.
Frost off coil temperature - 7oC.
Latent heat gain - 40 W/person
Sensible heat gain in summer - 100 W/person + 20.5 kW fabric,
lights, solar & ventilation gains.
Sensible heat loss in winter - 20 W/m3 air volume (estimated)
Fresh Air Flow Rate
Fresh air rate = 12 l/s/p x 1000 people = 12,000 l/s = 12.0 m3/s
The specific volume at the outside condition may be determined from a
psychrometric chart.
It is approximately 0.88 m3/kg.
Mass flow rate (Fresh Air) = 12.0 / 0.88 = 13.64 kg/s.
The ventilation supply air rate is taken from table B2.3 and is given as 8 air
changes per hour; the mass flow rate can be calculated.
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = Volume of room (m3) x air change rate
(ac/h)
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = 6400 (m3) x 8 (ac/h)
Volume flow rate (m3/h) = 51,200 m3/h
Volume flow rate (m3/s) = 51,200 / 3600 = 14.22 m3/s.
The specific volume at the supply condition may be approximated at this
stage from a psychrometric chart. It can be taken as 0.834 m 3/kg.
Mass flow rate (Supply Air) = 14.22 / 0.834 = 17.05 kg/s.
Recirculation Air Flow Rate
Recirculation air rate = Supply air rate - fresh air rate

Recirculation air rate = 17.05 - 13.64 = 3.41 kg/s
Fresh Air and Recirc. Ratio.
The ratio by mass is therefore;

Fresh air rate = 13.64 kg/s
Supply air rate = 17.05 kg/s
The ratio of fresh air to total supply air is;
13.64 / 17.05 = 0.8, i.e. 80% fresh air and therefore 20% recirculated air.
It is not unusual to have a high percentage of fresh air in a high
occupancy room such as a Concert Hall.
The air flows are shown on the schematic diagram below.

Heat Gains
The heat gains are given as:

Latent heat gain - 40 W/person
Sensible heat gain - 100 W/person + 20.5 kW fabric, lights, solar &
ventilation gains.
Latent gain = 40 W x 1000 people = 40,000 W = 40 kW
Sensible gain = 100 W x 1000 people = 100,000
W = 100 kW + 20.5 kW = 120.5 kW.
Total heat gain = 120.5 + 40 = 160.5 kW
Summer Heat ratio = sensible / total = 120.5 /
160.5 = 0.75
Heat Loss
The heat loss in winter is given as 20.0 W/ m 3.

Total heat loss = 20 x 6400 = 128,000 Watts = 128 kW
Total heat (winter) = 128 + 40 (Latent) = 168 kW
Winter Heat ratio = sensible / total = 128 / 168 = 0.76

Summer Calculations & Process

In this example the supply air temperature will be found by rearranging the
following formula:

Hs = ma x Cp ( tr - ts )

where:
Cp = Specific heat capacity of humid air (approx.1.01
kJ/kg degC)

Rearranging the above formula gives:
( tr - ts ) = Hs / ( ma x Cp )
( tr - ts ) = 120.5 / ( 17.05 x 1.01 )
( tr - ts ) = 7.0 deg.C, since tr = 22oC, ts = 22 - 7.0 =
15.0 oC
ts = 15 oC

below.

1. Points O, M and R can be shown on the chart.
2. Point ADP can be indicated and lines drawn between these points as
shown.
3. The room ratio line can be drawn.
4. Point S is then shown on the chart, on the room ratio line at 18 oC.
5. A horizontal line is then drawn from point S towards the line O – ADP.
6. Point W can then be found where the horizontal line W - S intersects the
line O - ADP.

Cooling Coil Contact Factor

On a full size psychrometric chart the length of the line from point M to
point ADP is 116mm.
The distance from point M to point W is 107mm.
The cooling coil contact factor is
therefore:
The specific enthalpies are shown below.
Cooling Coil Output in Summer


H cooling coil = ma ( hM - hADP)

where:
hADP = specific enthalpy at condition ADP (kJ/kg)
determined from psychrometric chart


H cooling coil = 17.05 ( 71 - 25)

NOTE:
The cooling coil output is very high and a lot of energy would be
required to provide this amount of cooling.
The cooling coil load would probably be spread over several air handling
units but the it could be examined with a view to some reduction.
The coil output is high because the mass flow rate of supply air is high
(17.05 kg/s) and the proportion of fresh air is also high (80%).
The mix point M is at approximately 27oC dry-bulb so there is little
advantage in recirculation in this instance.
It would be advantageous to consider the supply airflow rate to see if a
lower rate would be acceptable for this building.
If 6 air changes per hour are used as the ventilation rate then this
would reduce the mass flow rate of supply air.
Also the engineer may consider other methods of air-conditioning a hall
with a large volume such as using partial radiant cooling where surfaces
are cooled rather than air.
Reheater Battery Output in Summer



where:

The specific enthalpies at points W and S are shown on the
H heater battery = 17.05 ( 34 - 28)

Winter Calculations & Process

Winter Cycle Psychrometrics

below.
1. Points O, M, P and R can be shown on the chart.
2. Join points O and P and P and R.
3. Find the mix point M
The line measures 81mm long.
81 x 0.8 = 65 mm , the distance from point M to R is
65mm.
4. The room ratio is 0.76 from previous calculation. Draw
RRL.


The temperature of supply air is calculated from the following formula:


where:
Hs = Sensible heat loss from room (kW)
ma = mass flow rate of air (kg/s) same as
summer rate for constant volume systems.
Cp = Specific heat capacity of humid air
(approx.1.01 kJ/kg degC)
ts = supply air temperature(oC)

( ts - tr ) = Hs / ma x Cp
( ts - tr ) = 128 / 17.05 x 1.01
( ts - tr ) = 7.43 deg.C
ts = 22 + 7.43 deg.C
ts = 29.43 oC say 29.5 oC.

6. Plot the condition H at 29.5oC dB. on a horizontal line from M.
7. Plot condition S on a vertical line from H on the RRL.
Assume the humidity process is vertical.
Preheater Battery Output (or frost coil)

The preheater battery output is as follows:

H preheater battery = maf ( hP - hO)

where:
H preheater battery = Preheater battery output (kW)
maf = mass flow rate of fresh air (kg/s)
hP = specific enthalpy at condition P
(kJ/kg)
hO = specific enthalpy at condition O
(kJ/kg)
H preheater battery = 13.64 ( 13 - 3)

H preheater battery = 136.4 kW

Reheater Battery Output in Winter

The reheater battery output is as follows:

H reheater battery = ma ( hH - hM)

where:
ma = mass flow rate of supply air
(kg/s)
hH = specific enthalpy at condition H
(kJ/kg)
hM = specific enthalpy at condition M
(kJ/kg)

H reheater battery = 17.05 ( 39 - 19)
H reheater battery = 341 kW

NOTE:

The heater battery load may be reduced by using other forms of
heating for some of the load, e.g. perimeter convectors or radiators.

Humidifier Output in Winter

The amount of moisture added to the air may be calculated from the
following formula:

m moisture added = ma (msS - msH)

where:
m moisture added = The amount of moisture or added
or steam flow rate (kg/s)
msS = moisture content at condition S
(kg/kg d.a.)
msH = moisture content at condition H
(kg/kg d.a.)

m moisture added = 17.05 (0.0074 - 0.0035)
m moisture added = 17.05 (0.0039)
m moisture added = 0.0665 kg/s
m moisture added = 0.0665 litre/s
m moisture added = 0.0665 litre/s x 3600 = 239.4
litres/hour
Example 7 Summer Cycle with duct and fan gains
A Computer Suite Theatre measures 24 m x 10 m x 3.5 m high.
It is to be air conditioned in summer so that the room is maintained at 22 oC
dry-bulb temperature, 50% saturation.
Determine the cooling coil and reheater outputs required.
The air conditioning system is shown schematically below.
DATA:
The internal latent heat gain is 40 W per person, plus additional gain of 5
kW.
The internal sensible heat gain is 200 Watts per computer, 100W per
person and 15 W/m2 floor area for lights.
The solar gain through windows is 6.0 kW
Number of computers is 80.
The cooling coil contact factor is 0.8.
Duct and fans gains are 2oC.
Fresh air, recirculated air ratio is 20%/80%.
HEAT GAINS
Sensible - (200 x 80) + (100 x 80) + ( 15 x 24 x 10) = 27,600 Watts

= 27.6 kW + solar gain 5.0 kW = 32.6 kW
Latent - (40 x 80) = 3200 Watts = 3.2 kW + other 5kW = 8.2
kW
Total heat gain = 32.6 + 8.2 = 40.8 kW
Room ratio = 32.6 / 40.8 = 0.8
Mass Flow Rate

When the supply air temperature has been found from the psychrometric
chart then the mass flow rate of air to offset heat gains can be calculated
from the following formula:
ma = Hs / ( Cp ( tr - ts ) )
where:
H s = Sensible heat gain to room (kW)
m a = mass flow rate of air (kg/s)
C p = Specific heat capacity of humid air (approx.1.01 kJ/kg degC)
The supply air temperature is 14.5oC.
ma = 32.60 / ( 1.01 ( 22 - 14.5 ) )

ma = 4.3 kg/s

below.
From the psychrometric chart point W is at approximately 11 oC dry
bulb.
Point D is 11 oC + 2oC (duct and fan gains given in Data) = 13 oC
Cooling Coil Output
The cooling coil output is as follows: H cooling coil = ma ( hM - hADP)
where:
Hcooling coil = Cooling coil output (kW)
hM = specific enthalpy at condition M (kJ/kg) determined
from psychrometric chart.
hADP = specific enthalpy at condition ADP (kJ/kg) determined
from psychrometric chart

H cooling coil = 4.3 ( 49.5 - 25)
The heater battery or reheater output is as follows: H heater battery = ma ( hS -
hD)
where:

Hheater battery = Heater battery output (kW)

hD = specific enthalpy at condition D (kJ/kg)
The specific enthalpies at points S and D are shown on the

H heater battery = 4.3 ( 33.5 - 32)
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Examples of Psychrometric Calculations For Summer and Winter

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Examples of Psychrometric Calculations For Summer and Winter

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Examples of Psychrometric Calculations for Summer and Winter

Example 1. Summer Cycle

Example 2. Winter Cycle

2. Plot room condition R on psychrometric chart.

3. Plot outside condition O on psychrometric chart.

8. Find the supply air dry bulb temperature by calculation.

Supply Air Flow Rate

ma = 18 / 1.01 (32.5 - 21)

H reheater battery = ma ( hS - hM)

The specific enthalpies at points S and M are shown on the

Hheater battery = 1.55 ( 50 - 34)

Hheater battery = 24.8 kW

Therefore the heater battery load is 24.8 kW.

Procedure (Summer Cycle)

Mass Flow Rate

The supply air temperature is 17oC.

Cooling Coil Output

H cooling coil = ma ( hM - hADP)

The specific enthalpies at points M and ADP are shown on the psychrometric

H cooling coil = 1.584 ( 50.5 - 25)

The specific enthalpies at points S and W are shown on the psychrometric Chart

H heater battery = 1.584 ( 36.5 - 30.5)

The sensible heat loss for the room is 17.0 kW.

The latent heat gain = 40 W/person x 250 = 10,000 Watts

The latent heat gain = 10 kW

Supply Air & Fresh Air Quantities

Supply air quantity (m3/h) = 8 x 960(m3)

Supply air quantity (m3/h) = 7680 (m3/h)

Supply air quantity (m3/s) = 7680(m3/h) / 3600 = 2.13 (m3/s)

Supply air mass flow rate (kg/s) = 2.45 kg/s

Supply Air Dry Bulb Temperature

Hs = ma x Cp ( ts - tr )

( ts - tr ) = 17 / 2.45 x 1.01

( ts - tr ) = 6.87 deg.C

( ts - 21) = 6.87 deg.C

ts = 21 + 6.87 deg.C

ts = 27.87 oC say 28 oC.

8. Plot the supply air condition S on the room ratio line.

Preheater Battery Output (Or Frost Coil)

H preheater battery = maf ( hP - hO)

H preheater battery = Preheater battery output (kW)

H preheater battery = 1.23 ( 12 - 5.5)

The reheater battery output is as follows:

H reheater battery = ma ( hH - hM)

H reheater battery = Reheater battery output (kW)

Hreheater battery = 2.45 ( 42 - 27)

Hreheater battery = 36.8 kW

m moisture added = ma (msS - msH)

m moisture added = The amount of moisture or added or steam flow

m moisture added = 2.45 (0.0064 - 0.0054)

m moisture added = 2.45 (0.001)

m moisture added = 0.00245 kg/s

1 litre of water weights 1 kg, therefore;

m moisture added = 0.00245 litre/s

m moisture added = 0.00245 litre/s x 3600 = 8.82 litres/hour

Fresh Air Flow Rate

Fresh air rate = 8 l/s/p x 200 people = 1600 l/s = 1.6 m3/s

Supply Air Flow Rate

If the maximum ventilation supply air rate is taken from Table 3.6 to

Volume flow rate (m3/h) = Volume of room (m3) x air change rate

Fresh air rate = 1.82 kg/s

The ratio of fresh air to total supply air is;

Supply Air Temperature by Calculation