NMAT Review

Must Know: Biology Last Part [THREAD]

(Topics: Enzymes, Cell Transport, Cell Tonicity, Photosynthesis, Plant Physiology, Photoperiodism, Biomes,
Ecological Succession, R/K Selection etc)

1. Enzymes
-hastens up the reaction by lowering the activation energy of a certain chemical process w/o using up
itself in the catalysis; have high catalytic efficiency.
Inhibitors
-they inhibits the progression of a certain chemical reactions by increasing its activation energy

2. Lock & Key vs Induced Fit Model

3. Allosteric Site
-The place on an enzyme where a molecule that is not a substrate may bind, thus changing the shape of
the enzyme and influencing its ability to be active.
4. Types of Inhibition

5. Cellular Transport 1/2

Active Transport
- requires the usage of energy (ATP).
i.e Na+ - K+ pump transport-3 molecules Na+ are expelled out to the extracellular environment in
exchange for 2 K+ ions

6. Cellular Transport 2/2

Passive Transport
-does not require energy expenditure from the cell; moves materials across membrane using the
concentration gradient.
7. Agglutination
-clumping of antigen-antibody complexes; occurs when incompatible blood types were mixed.

Coagulation
-process by which body prevents the loss of blood; aka blood clotting.

8. Blood Pigments 1/2

Hemoglobin
-contains iron and has four heme groups to which four oxygen atoms can bind; bright red in oxygenated
and dull red in deoxygenated state.
 Chlorocruoin
-contains iron and can bind up to four oxygen; green in both state.

9. Blood Pigments 2/2

Haemocyanin
-has two copper ions that combines with one oxygen atom; colorless when deoxygenated and light blue in
oxygenated state.

Haemerythrin
-contains several atoms can carry one oxygen molecule; colorless when deoxygenated and purple when
oxygenated

10. Cell Tonicity

Hypotonic solution
-low concentration of solute than of the cell; water moves in the cell.

Hypertonic solution
-high concentration of solute than of the cell; water moves out the cell.

Isotonic solution
-equal concentration; no net water movement.

11. Cell Tonicity

12. Photosynthesis
-process by which plants converts light energy into chemical energy.

13. Photosynthesis Main Phases

Light-Dependent Reaction
-synthesizes ATP & NADPH to serve as fuel in the Calvin Cycle

Calvin Cycle
-uses up CO2 converting it into RUBISCO and making glucose out of it
14. Light Dependent Reaction occurs in the thylakoids while Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of the
chloroplast.
15. Light vs Dark(Calvin Cycle) Reaction

16. Photosystem I & II 

Note: Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I. Don't be mislead by its name.

17. Photosystem I & II 2/3

Note: Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I. Don't be mislead by its name.

18. Photosystem I & II 3/3

Note: Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I. Don't be mislead by its name.

19. Plant Hormones 1/2

20. Plant Hormones 2/2

A-Antagonistic
S-Synergistic

21. Reaction to Stimulus

Phototropism-towards the light

Gravitropism-w/ respect to gravity
Geotropism-towards the soil
Hydrotropism-towards the water
Thigmotropism-light touch
Chemotropism- w/ respect to certain chemicals
22. C3 vs C4 vs CAM Plants ½

23. C3 vs C4 vs CAM Plants 2/2

24. Plant Tissue System

25. Sclerenchyma vs Collenchyma vs Parenchyma

26. Photoperiodism 1/3

27. Photoperiodism 2/3

28. Photoperiodism 3/3

29. Terrestrial Biomes 1/3
30. Terrestrial Biomes 2/3
31. Terrestrial Biomes 3/3
32. Aquatic Biomes

33. Freshwater Biomes

34. Freshwater Biomes

35. Ecological Succession ½

36. Ecological Succession 2/2

37. Primary Succession

38. Secondary Succession

39. R vs K Selected Organisms 1/2

40. R vs K Selected Organisms 2/2

(Must Know: Biology Last Part, Last Tweet)

End of NMAT Biology Review Series

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