MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

UNIT 6: DEDUCTIVE REASONING

I. Overview

Last lesson you have learned about inductive reasoning. This time, you will get familiar
with deductive reasoning and aybe you have now a slight idea about this. I hope you can get
the simple pre-test correctly!

Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the student must be able to:

 show basic understanding of deductive reasoning; and
 utilize inductive reasoning in solving problems

II. Pre-test
1. Deductive reasoning is the process of:
a) Making specific examples from a general conclusion
b) Making general conclusion based from specific examples
c) Making general conclusion and specific examples at the same time

III. Learning Activities

A. Activity
Play the magic square!
Rule: The sum of the distinct numbers (use any number once) in each row, each
column, or two main diagonals is always the same number.

Example: Try this!

8
5
6 2

B. Analysis

Question: What guided you to get the puzzle correctly?

Note that the example was given after the rule (just to make things easier
for you). Otherwise, you’ll end up in inductive reasoning (as in the last lesson).
This time, the rule was given and your goal was to give specific and distinct
numbers while not breaking the rule. This process is called DEDUCTIVE
REASONING.

DEDUCTIVE REASONING – is a process of making specific and truthful

conclusions based on general principle. Bongala | Lleno
 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Examples:

1. All members of the club can use the club’s pool. Dianna is a member of the club.
Conclusion: Diana can use the pool.
2. All numbers are divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3. Consider
339. The sum of the digits is 15 .
Conclusion: 339 is divisible by 3.
3. All students are eligible to be in the dean’s list. You are a student.
Conclusion: You are eligible.

C. Abstraction
 What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

D. Application
1. In order to get a student driver’s license, a person must be 18 years old.
Rowena is 16 years old.
Conclusion: ____________________________
2. Employees have “wash” day every Friday. Today is Friday.
Conclusion: ____________________________
3. All humans are rational. I am a human.
Conclusion: ____________________________
4. All tangible materials are destined to depreciate. A car is a tangible material.
Conclusion: ____________________________
5. All freshmen are ages 19-20. Lino is a freshman.
Conclusion: ___________________________
IV. Post-test
1. Deductive reasoning is the process of:
d) Making specific examples from a general conclusion
e) Making general conclusion based from specific examples
f) Making general conclusion and specific examples at the same time

------------------------------- END OF THE LESSON ----------------------------------

References

Campeńa, F. J. (n.d.) Mathematics of investment. Retrieved from

https://francisjosephcampena.weebly.com

Dodd, E. L. (2014). Fundamentals in the mathematics of Investment. The American

Mathematics Monthly, 25(9), pp. 387-395.

Manlulu, E. & Hipolito, L.M. (2019). A course module for mathematics in the modern world. REX
Book Store.

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