COMMUNICATION PROCESS, PRINCIPLES

AND ETHICS

I. INTRODUCTION
Communication is a very interesting topic to be discussed. A
process of transferring of information from place, person or group to
another. In every Communication involves a sender, message, receiver and
a feedback. Also, communication do not just specify in verbal
communication, but also in non-verbal communication using gestures,
written, and a sign language. Communication may sound simple , but
communication is actually a very complex subject.

II. OBJECTIVES
Explain the principles and process of communication and the ethical
considerations in communication.
Frame a slogan about how the knowledge of the communication
process aids in people in communicating effectively.
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
ENGAGE
Make a concept map with a word or group of word relevant to
COMMUNICATION. (As many as you can)
EXPLORE
Putting things in the right perspective.
1. Why do people communicate?
_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.

2. What might happen to the world if communication does not exist?

_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.

3. Why do miscommunications and misunderstanding happen?

_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.
EXPLAIN
COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process by which we assign and convey meaning in an
attempt to create shared understanding.
 This process requires a vast repertoire of skills:
 Intrapersonal and interpersonal processing
 Listening
 Observing
 Speaking
 Questioning
 Analyzing
 Evaluating
ELABORATE

THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

The communication process can be broken down into a series of eight

essential components, each of which serves an integral function in the
overall process:

1. Source
2. Message
3. Channel
4. Receiver
5. Feedback
6. Environment
7. Context
8. Interference

Source

The source imagines, creates, and sends the message. The source encodes
the message by choosing just the right order or the best words to convey the
intended meaning, and presents or sends the information to the audience
(receiver). By watching for the audience’s reaction, the source perceives
how well they received the message and responds with clarification or
supporting information.

Message

“The message is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the
receiver or audience” (McLean, 2005). The message brings together words
to convey meaning, but is also about how it’s conveyed — through
nonverbal cues, organization, grammar, style, and other elements.

Channel

“The channel is the way in which a message or messages travel between

source and receiver.” (McLean, 2005). Spoken channels include face-to-face
conversations, speeches, phone conversations and voicemail messages,
radio, public address systems, and Skype. Written channels include letters,
memorandums, purchase orders, invoices, newspaper and magazine articles,
blogs, email, text messages, tweets, and so forth.
Receiver

“The receiver receives the message from the source, analyzing and
interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the
source” (McLean, 2005).

Feedback

When you respond to the source, intentionally or unintentionally, you

are giving feedback. Feedback is composed of messages the receiver
sends back to the source. Verbal or nonverbal, all these feedback signals
allow the source to see how well, how accurately (or how poorly and
inaccurately) the message was received (Leavitt & Mueller, 1951).

Environment

“The environment is the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where

you send and receive messages” (McLean, 2005). Surroundings, people,
animals, technology, can all influence your communication.

Context

“The context of the communication interaction involves the setting,

scene, and expectations of the individuals involved” (McLean, 2005). A
professional communication context may involve business suits
(environmental cues) that directly or indirectly influence expectations of
language and behaviour among the participants.

Interference

Interference, also called noise, can come from any source. “Interference
is anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the
message” (McLean, 2005). This can be external or
internal/psychological. Noise interferes with normal encoding and
decoding of the message carried by the channel between source and
receiver.
NINE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Michael Osborn (2009) 9c's principles of effective communication,
which are needed to be considered in communication, those are:

1. Correctness - all facts, words language information of the message

must be accurate.
2. Concreteness- the message to the communication must be specific
and not vague.
3. Consideration - be involve, do not use high level of language
when talking to low profile person.
4. conciseness - the message must be to the point and unnecessary
words must be eliminated.
5. Courtesy - must be communicate in a friendly and polite manner
and tone.
6. Clarity - there must be clarity in terms of thought and expressions
7. Cultural Sensitivity - must adapt the culture.
8. Captivate - captivate your audience, persuade your audience using
a very interesting topic.
9. Creativity - use other terms.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN COMMUNICATION

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on issues of right and
wrong human affairs.
Ethical Communicators:
1. Respect audience
2. Consider the result of communication.
3. Value truth
4. Use information correctly.
5.Do not falsify easily.
EVALUATE
1. Illustrate the communication process through a diagram.

2.

In this lesson, I learned that to be an effective and ethical

communicator,I_______________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_________