The importance of biodiversity is being more widely recognized as increasing

numbers of species come under threat. Why is species loss occurring? What are the
potential effects of this?

An increasing concern for many people around the world is that the number of plants and
animals which have become extinct has increased greatly. The causes of this phenomenon
are varied and have led to a wide range of effects on human life. I will outline in this essay
why species loss is occurring, and discuss the impacts it can have on people and the world.
Generally speaking, there are two main reasons why various species of flora and fauna are
disappearing. The primary cause of this phenomenon is deforestation. This is due to an
enormous demand for land for agriculture, which has resulted in a loss of habitat for wild
animals and plants. Secondly, biodiversity can also be negatively affected by pollution.
Emissions from vehicles and aircraft, together with those which come from the factories and
industrial parks, are a major contributor to global warming, which in turn leads to the
destruction of animal and plant life.
The results of species loss are numerous and potentially serious. Perhaps the most serious
consequence is that plants are a valuable source of medicine and without them, we will not
be able to treat or cure many diseases. A second consequence is that food security could be
affected. For example, if we lose many marine species this will affect the health and well-
being of many millions of people who depend on the ocean as their source of food.
In conclusion, the extinction of plants and animals is an issue which will continue to demand
our attention for the foreseeable future. If government agencies and individuals do not work
together to solve this problem, the well-being of future generations could be affected.

deforestation a loss of habitat

flora and fauna global warming
a valuable source of marine species
health and well-being government agencies and individuals
the well-being of future generations

Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this
happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?
Being sent to prison is commonly believed to be a suitable punishment for those who have
committed serious crimes. However, there is a worrying trend that ex-prisoners tend to
commit further crimes after they are released from prison. In this essay I discuss the reasons
for this phenomenon and suggest some measures which can be taken to solve this issue.

There are many reasons why former prisoners may commit more crimes when they leave
prison. The first of these is that people who have spent time in prison may encounter
discrimination in society. This means that they might find it challenging to get a job and earn
a living, which in turn could lead to them committing crime in order to make ends meet. A
second reason for this situation is that prisoners will meet other criminals in prison and might
get involved in further illegal activities, or learn new criminal techniques. Therefore, once
they are free, they will turn to crime again because of these connections and skills they have
acquired.

However, there are various viable solutions which the government could adopt to tackle this
issue. Prison does not take into account the reasons why people become criminals in the
first place. These causes may include a lack of education, or an underprivileged upbringing.
Therefore, prisoners should be encouraged to complete their education while in prison, so
that they have the skills and knowledge to get a job when they re-enter society. In addition,
the government should encourage businesses to offer employment to ex-offenders so they
are able to lead an honest life.

In conclusion, although criminals should be punished for their crimes, prison does not
prepare them for life afterwards. If the government adopts the measures described above,
the rate of re-offending should fall.

a worrying trend
earn a living
in order to make ends meet
turn to crime
solutions which the government could adopt

Many qualified people are moving from poor to rich countries to work in specialist
areas like engineering and medicine. What are the reasons for this trend? Can
anything be done to discourage this movement?
These days, more and more qualified people are moving abroad to affluent countries in
search of a better life. While there are many factors which cause people to make this
decision, there are also various ways to encourage people to stay in their own countries.
This essay will outline the reasons why this “brain drain” is occurring, and suggest some
potential solutions to this problem.

Fundamentally, there are two main causes of the migration of skilled people to richer
countries. The primary cause of this is the potential to earn a higher income. Companies in
developed nations generally offer substantially higher salaries than in poorer nations. If
experts in a particular field can earn a higher salary in a different country, most will choose to
migrate. In addition, many employers offer extra benefits to encourage skilled foreign
workers to migrate. For example, some employment packages include free accommodation,
schooling for children, and health insurance.

However, there are a variety of viable solutions at hand to address this problem. First,
governments could offer incentives for qualified people to stay at home. For example, these
could include scholarships for children or reduced taxes. Furthermore, foreign governments
could place restrictions on the number of foreign visas which they allow.

I feel that the best way to solve this issue is by tryng to improve the economies of developing
countries. If life in these countries becomes more attractive, people will be less likely to want
to emigrate.

brain drain
the potential to earn a higher income
governments could offer incentives
place restrictions on
people will be less likely to want to

Studies suggest children now watch more television than they did in the past and
spend less time doing active or creative things. Why do you think this is the case?
What measures could be taken to encourage children to spend more time doing
active and creative things?
These days, more and more children are watching television. This has caused them to
spend less time on physical activities or activities which require imagination. This essay will
discuss the reasons why this phenomenon is occurring, and offer some solutions.

Generally speaking, there are two main reasons why youngsters are watching more
television. The primary reason for this trend is that there are more and more entertaining
shows to watch. Unlike in the past, children today have 40 or 50 channels to choose from,
whereas previously there were only 1 or 2 channels. Secondly, children today often live in
flats or apartments. As a result, they don’t have any outdoors areas to go and play in.

However, there are a variety of possible solutions available to address this problem. The
main way to combat this issue is by restricting the amount of television that children can
watch. If parents only allow their children to watch one or two hours of television a day, the
children will try to find other things to do. A second potential solution is that parents can
organize group activities for their children. For example, they could go to the park or a
museum.

However, I feel that the best way to solve this issue is by controlling how much television
children watch. If children can spend less time watching television, they will try to find other
things to do, such as play sports or do something creative.

organize group activities

physical activities or activities which require imagination

The rapid growth of cities today has led to the appearance of a large number of
slums. What are some problems associated with these poor and underdeveloped
urban areas? What solutions could be proposed?

These days, more and more people are moving from the countryside to the city. This has
caused an increase in the number of slums, which has lead to a number of negative effects.
In this essay I will discuss the issues associated with slums, and offer some measures to
tackle this problem.

There are a variety of issues which arise due to the appearance of slums. First of all,
residents who live below the poverty line are often forced to turn to crime to make ends
meet. The result of this is that crime rates in slums are higher than in other parts of the city.
Secondly, because slums lack basic infrastructure such as sanitation and waste-removal
systems, the amount of trash rises, which in turn leads to an increase in pollution. If people
live in areas of poor sanitation, they frequently develop health problems, such as illnesses
from drinking dirty water.

There are a number of measures which can be taken to solve the problems which are
caused by urbanization. One viable solution in the long term is decentralization. If town
councils move industries, offices and businesses out of the city centre to rural areas, then
fewer people will migrate to urban areas. In order to encourage people and businesses to
relocate, local governments should invest in the infrastructure and facilities in those areas.

In conclusion, it must be said that slums and urban sprawl have become a complex issue
with no easy solutions. However, to my mind, the best solution would be to encourage
businesses to relocate to rural areas. If the government implements this policy, it will provide
a better life for future generations.

live below the poverty line

are forced to turn to crime
to make ends meet
basic infrastructure such as sanitation and waste-removal systems
decentralization
infrastructure
facilities
to implement a policy
future generations
With the migration of people to cities in search of a better life, many rural areas are
now underpopulated. What are some problems associated with a lack of people living
and working in rural areas? What solutions could be proposed?

These days, more and more people are moving from the countryside to the city in search of
a better life. The decrease in the number of people who live in rural areas has led to various
problems. This essay will discuss the problems which are associated with depopulation of
the countryside, and offer some measures to tackle this issue.

Generally speaking, there are two main consequences of a decreased rural population. First
of all, depopulation leads to a smaller workforce. If people move to cities in search of better
opportunities, rural businesses may struggle to find workers. The result of this is that these
businesses will not be able to compete with urban companies and may go out of business. A
second consequence is that families in rural areas are broken up. For example, parents
often go to work in the city and leave their children behind in the care of grandparents.

However, there are a variety of viable solutions to address this problem. First of all, local
governments could encourage decentralisation by imposing higher taxes on city businesses.
This will result in more employment opportunities in the countryside. Secondly, local
governments could also develop the infrastructure in rural areas to keep local workers in the
countryside and to attract city dwellers to relocate.

In conclusion, it must be said that depopulation of the countryside has become a complex
issue with no easy solutions. However, the most effective measure in my opinion would be
for governments to encourage businesses to move into the countryside. If there are more
employment opportunities in rural areas, less people will move to the city.

in search of a better life

urbanisation
decentralisation
impose taxes
infrastructure
go out of business
a shortage of jobs

As more and more people move to cities to find work, the volume of traffic on the
roads increases. What are some problems associated with the increase in the number
of vehicles in cities? What solutions could be proposed?
These days, more and more people are moving from the countryside to the city in search of
work. This has led to a significant rise in the number of vehicles on urban roads, which has
caused various issues. This essay will discuss the problems related to increased traffic in
cities, and offer some measures to tackle this issue.
Generally speaking, there are two main consequences related to the increase in urban
vehicle use. Firstly, the number of people who use their car or motorbike to commute to work
has increased, which means that in rush hour there are traffic jams. The result of this is that
people wait in traffic for hours, which in turn affects the productivity of companies. A second
issue caused by the rise in vehicle use is pollution. If people use their own vehicle for
commuting, this leads to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide emissions which are
released into the atmosphere. As a result, air pollution will get worse and this can damage
the health of people and the planet.
Despite these challenges, there are a number of ways to resolve this issue. A viable solution
in the long term would be to improve public transport systems in urban areas. If people can
access affordable and reliable transport systems such as bus and train networks, it will
reduce the number of people who use their own vehicles. Another potential solution might be
to impose taxes on cars and motorbikes in city centres. This would encourage people to
choose public transport instead.
In conclusion, an increase in the volume of traffic on urban roads is a topic which is very
relevant to modern society. The most effective measure in my opinion would be investing in
public transport systems. If the government adopts these changes, it will go a long way
towards alleviating the issues caused by traffic congestion.

carbon dioxide emissions which are released into the atmosphere

affordable and reliable transport systems
potential solution
impose taxes on
alleviate the issues caused by