Introduction To Study

SAP or Superabsorbent polymers is a material which can absorb up to 300 times their

weight in aqueous fluids. Once absorbed, they do not subsequently release it.  They are

therefore an ideal material for use in products which are designed to contain fluids such

as baby diapers/nappies, incontinence products, and feminine hygiene pads and liners.  The

main role of SAP is that it can contribute water to concrete by providing an internal water

source. One of the major factors limiting the production of medicinal plants in arid and semi-

arid areas is water deficit or drought stress. One-third of the land in the world is arid and

semi-arid and is inhabited by people. Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) is a valuable

medicinal plant that is sensitive to water deficit, and water shortage negatively affects sweet

basil yield and quality. Water availability in the root zone of basil could ameliorate the

negative effects of water shortage. To the best of our knowledge, although the effects of

hydrophilic polymers (HPs) have been studied in different agricultural crops, the effects of

HP application in medicinal plants have not been previously investigated. Investigation was

conducted to explore the effects on water use efficiency when using Stockosorb® (STS) and

psyllium seed mucilage (PSM) as hydrophilic polymers (HPs) and the effects of these HPs on

essential oil quality, quantity, and yield. Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) have been applied

as soil conditioners to reduce soil water loss, but there are few studies about how SAPs affect

structures of soil bacterial community, and these associated chemical residues are uncertain.

Treatments under different soil moisture conditions by application of sodium polyacrylate in

repacked soil columns were used to investigate their effects on the soil bacterial community

structures by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Alpha diversity analysis showed that adding SAPs

had an impact on bacterial diversity. On phylum level, adding SAPs significantly reduced the

amount of Actinobacteria (1.9–2.4-fold), Bacteroidetes (1.1–2.1-fold) while increased the

amount of Firmicutes (1.9–4.6-fold). At genus level, effects of SAPs on the soil bacterial

community structures varied with the soil moisture conditions. Under water deficit, SAPs

reduced the soil pH, which promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus (9.9–29.1-fold), and

acid production by these bacteria might further promote the reduction of pH, potentially

inhibiting growth of Acidobacteria (1.3–1.8-fold) and Chloroflexi (1.6–2.3-fold). The

pyrolysis analysis showed that some substances such as methanesulfonyl chloride, long-chain

amides and esters, were only derived from water-saturated soil treated with SAPs, which

might subsequently have negative impacts on the environment. Curing of concrete is

necessary to maintain adequate moisture content in concrete during its early stages to develop

the ideal properties.It has been found that both in M15 and M20 Grade concrete, the mixture

gets drier with increment of quantity of superabsorbent polymer; however M15 has lower

slump value.

By 2050, feeding a planet of 9 billion people will require an estimated 150 percent increase

in agricultural production and a 60 percent increase in water withdrawals. SAP addresses

these problems as it reduces the water requirement by 70% while making the crops 20%

denser. Which means that with considerably lesser water supply, we can grow about 3.3

times more food in 20% smaller area. Not only this, but this superlative targeted irrigation

also saves the energy that is used by drip-irrigation methods. Also, Solvify absorbs pure

water which means that it can filter the water for crops before releasing it to the capillaries of

the plants. Decrease in TDS level altogether diminishes the interest for new water for water

system. It likewise eliminates saltiness from the field (because of its regular fascination for

salts) and water is straightforwardly given to roots which makes vegetation conceivable even

on desolate terrains. The designated arrival of supplements/medicates likewise decreases the

compost prerequisite by half. One SAP application cycle can possibly lessen the GHG

emanations by basically 40% subsequently it is a bit nearer to ecologically economical and

suitable horticultural unrest. It is a green arrangement which blossoms with manageability.