1. Review the internal and external female reproductive organs.

               1.1. Draw, label, and give the functions of each organ.

ORGAN FUNCTION
Mons Veneris The function of mons veneris is to protect
the junction of the pubic bone from
trauma.
Labia minora The labia minora can be very small or up
to 2 inches wide. They lie just inside the
labia majora, and surround the openings
to the vagina (the canal that joins the
lower part of the uterus to the outside of
the body) and urethra (the tube that
carries urine from the bladder to the
outside of the body).
Labia majora The labia majora serve as protection for
the external genitalia; they shield the
outlets to the urethra and vagina.
Ovaries The function of the two ovaries is to
produce, mature, and discharge ova (the
egg cells).
Uterus The function of the uterus is to receive
the ovum from the fallopian tube; provide
a place for implantation and nourishment;
furnish protection to a growing fetus; and,
at maturity of the fetus, expel it from a
woman’s body
Vagina Its function is to act as the organ of
intercourse and to convey sperm to the
cervix. With childbirth, it expands to serve
as the birth canal.
Fallopian Tubes  The ovaries connect to the uterus via the
fallopian tubes. Fertilization usually
happens within the fallopian tubes. Then,
the fertilized egg makes its way down to
the uterus.
Cervix The lower part of the uterus, which
connects to the vagina, is known as the
cervix. Often called the neck or entrance
to the womb, the cervix lets menstrual
blood out and semen into the uterus. The
cervix remains closed during pregnancy
but can expand dramatically
during childbirth.
Bartholin's glands These glands are located beside the
vaginal opening and produce a fluid
(mucus) secretion.
2. Describe the stages of fetal development.

The prenatal development process is divided into three stages. First, is the germinal
stage that lasts for the first two weeks following conception. Second, is the embryonic
stage that lasts for the third through eighth weeks, and third is the fetal stage that lasts
for the ninth week until birth.

a. Germinal Stage: The germinal stage begins at conception when the sperm and
egg cell unite in one of the two fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg is called a zygote.
Just a few hours after conception, the single-celled zygote begins making a journey
down the fallopian tube to the uterus. Within 24 to 36 hours of conception, cell
division will begin, as it preparing for the future development of the embryo.

b. Embryonic Stage: On this development stage, the mass of cells is now known as
an embryo. The beginning of the third week after conception marks the start of the
embryonic period, a time when the mass of cells becomes distinct as a human. The
embryonic stage plays an important role in the development of the brain.
Approximately four weeks after conception, the neural tube forms, which later be
develop into the central nervous system including the spinal cord and brain. Around
the fourth week, the head begins to form, quickly followed by the eyes, nose, ears,
and mouth. By the eighth week of development, the embryo has all of the basic
organs and parts except those of the sex organs

c. Fetal Stage: Once cell differentiation is mostly complete, the embryo enters the
next stage and becomes known as a fetus. This period of development begins
during the ninth week and lasts until birth. This stage is marked by amazing change
and growth. The early body systems and structures established in the embryonic
stage continue to develop. The neural tube develops into the brain and spinal cord
and neurons continue to form. Between the ninth and twelfth week of gestation (at
the earliest), reflexes begin to emerge. During the third month of gestation, the sex
organs begin to differentiate. By the end of the month, all parts of the body will be
formed. The end of the third month also marks the end of the first trimester of
pregnancy. The fetus will develop for a trimester period until it is ready to deliver
outside the mother’s womb.

2.2 Trace the pathway of the sperm. (From production to fertilization)

The testes are the organs that produce sperm. The epididymis is a long, coiled structure
that sits on top of the testes, receiving immature sperm from the testes and storing them
until they mature. Ejaculation is the forceful release of sperm from the tail of epididymis
into the vas deferens. Sperm then migrate up the spermatic cord into the pelvic cavity,
over the ureter, and into the prostate behind the bladder via the vas deferens. Here, the
vas deferens joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct, which passes
through the prostate and empties into the urethra. When ejaculation occurs, rhythmic
muscle movements propel the sperm forward.

2.3. Sequence the process of the ovum from ovulation, fertilization up to

implantation).

Each month, one of a woman's two ovaries releases a mature egg in a process known
as ovulation. Ovulation happens about two weeks after a woman's last menstrual period
begins. After the egg is released, it moves into the fallopian tube. It stays there for about 24
hours, waiting for a single sperm to fertilize it.  If there is no sperm to fertilize the egg, it will
move through the uterus and disintegrate. If one sperm enters the fallopian tube and
burrows into the egg, the egg is fertilized. No other sperm can enter because the egg has
changed. The egg changes so that no other sperm can get in. The fertilized egg remains in
the fallopian tube for 3 to 4 days after fertilization. Then, it begins rapidly dividing into many
cells within 24 hours of being fertilized. It continues to divide as it passes through the
fallopian tube to the uterus. After that, its next job is to attach to the lining of uterus which is
called implantation. Around the time of implantation, some women have spotting (or light
bleeding) for 1 or 2 days. The uterine lining thickens, and the cervix is sealed by a mucus
plug. It will stay in place until the baby is ready to be born. Within 3 weeks, the cells begin
to grow as clumps, and the baby's first nerve cells have already formed.

REFERENCES:

https://www.everydayhealth.com/sexual-health/female-reproductive-organs.aspx

https://www.webmd.com/baby/understanding-conception

https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/reports/10/000639.html