I.

Ancient (Varied Greatly by region mostly not written down)

A. Place to hear
1. Religious ceremonies
2. Weddings
3. Funerals
4. Theater
5. Everywhere else
B. Popular Types
1. ὕμνος
a) Involves Gods
b) earliest formal type of Greek music
2. παιάν
a) Sung to athena or apollo
b) expressed the hope for deliverance from a peril
3. Προσόδιον
a) Processional invokes Gods
b) Sung on the way to ceremonies etc.
c) Before or after παιάν
4. Ὑπόρχημα
a) Chorus around like an altar
b) Other people appointed to mimic the words of the song
5. Διθύραμβος
a) In honor of dionysus
b) In athens up to 50 boys or men dancing in circular fashion
C. Common instruments
1. Lyre
a) I don't have to explain what this is
2. Kithara
a) Lyre v2 (professional)
b) More strings (typically 7 vs the lyre’s 4)
c) Known for taking immense amounts of skill
3. Barbiton
a) Bass kithara
b) Played by sappho
 c) Considered to be exotic
4. Aulos
a) Double reed like a bassoon/oboe
b) Singular and double varieties
c) "penetrating, insisting and exciting"
5. Τύμπανον
a) Kinda like a tambourine
D. Tetrachords
1. I’m just going to explain this one
E. What it would have sounded like kind of
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mIXEBxW89s
II. Byzantine
A. The fusion between traditional greek music and early christian liturgical chant
B. Monophonic chants
III. Ottoman era (Rebetiko)
A. Rebetiko
1. Origins of the word
a) Earliest occurrence of the word in latin/greek dictionary
1614:ῥεμπιτός meaning blind/wanderer
2. Music theory
a) Melody
(1) Based upon δρόμοι(kinda like scales)
(a) Derived from turkish modes
b) Harmony
(1) Based upon common western scales and some turkish
modes
c) Tuning
(1) Instruments are tuned in equal temperament
d) Rhythm
(1) Based upon various dances
(a) Sytros
(i) Circle dance in 4/4 or 7/8(3 long, 2 short, 2
short) depending on variety
(ii) Very popular dance
(b) Zeibekiko
(i) 9/8 or 9/4
(ii) Originally between two armed figures
(iii) Developed into improvised single male
dance
(iv) Often boastful and comedic
e) Taxim
 (1) Improvised and out of time section in the middle or the
beginning of a song
3. Instruments
a) Bazouki
(1) Three and four coursed member of the lute family
b) Mandolin
c) Guitar
d) Violin
e) Accordion
4. History And Culture
a) Origins
(1) Likely Greeks living in asia minor under the Ottoman
empire
(2) Often associated with the lower class
(3) Played in hashish(hash) dens
(4) Port of Smyrna
(a) Many cultures passed through the port which
influenced the style of the music
(b) A great fire caused many Greeks to flee to mainland
greece
(5) Population exchange
b) Development
(1) Split between Smyrna and Piraeus style caused by
influences of the local music
c) Censorship
(1) Under the Metaxas dictatorship lyrical content was often
censored
(2) Lead to the europeanization of the style
d) Death
(1) Due to emigration as well as the innovation by new
musicians the style was slowly eclipsed by different styles
(2) Stelios Kazantzidis-contributed to the decline
e) Revival
(1) Renewed interest in 1960’s by musicians such as Grigoris
Bithikotsis
(2) Characterized by the desire to recapture the style of the
Piraeus style
(3) Still popular into the modern age
(4) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0opo_WnixiM
IV. Modern laïká
A. Origins
1. Emerged in the 1980’s
2. From Laïkó
a) Commercialization of rebetiko music popular in the 60’s and 70’s
b) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-
FUcCSvf9g&feature=emb_title
c) Just rubetiko

B. Pista
1. Dance venue (Club)