BASIC AERODYNAMICS

BASIC AERODYNAMICS (Module 08)
Prepared by P.Senthamil Selvan.B.E.,

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Physics of atmosphere 18. Aircraft performance’s vital component
a. Density
b. Pressure
1. The layer of atmosphere where temperature gradually falls
c. Velocity
a. Troposphere
19. As altitude increase then
b. Stratosphere
a. TAS decrease than IAS
c. Tropopause b. TAS greater than IAS
2. The lapse rate in the stratosphere region c. Both are same
a. 6.5 k/feet 20. IAS includes
b. 0 k/feet a. Pressure only
c. 5 k/feet b. Temperature and density
3. The amount of air in the atmosphere apply----------at the top surface c. Pressure, temperature and density
a. Force 21. The portion of the atmosphere below the height at which the change
b. Weight occurs
c. Pressure a. Troposphere
4. Which of the following flight operation is not depends on density? b. Stratosphere
a. Rocket c. Mesosphere
b. Parachute 22. Viscosity coefficient
a. Varies with density
c. Kite
b. Varies with friction
5. Density of air at sea level
c. Varies with wind gradient
a. 1.035 kg/m3 23. The rate at which the pressure decreases is much __________ near the
b. 1.225 kg/m3 earth’s surface than at altitude.
c. 1.205 kg/m3 a. Smaller
6. Density is defined as b. Greater
a. Weight/volume c. Constant
b. Mass/volume 24. For normal temperature
c. None of the above a. Humid air is denser than dry air
7. Temperature at sea level is b. Dry air is denser than humid air
a. 288K c. Both are equal
b. 273K 25. When some pressure is acted on any surface then what actually acting
c. 173K a. Pressure
8. The portion of atmosphere below which layer changes in temperature takes b. Force
place c. Inertia
a. Troposphere 26. In atmosphere a mixture of gases nitrogen and oxygen in the proportion of
b. Stratosphere approximately
c. tropopause a. Four - fifth nitrogen to one - fifth oxygen
9. Coefficient of viscosity is defined as b. One - fifth nitrogen to four - fifth oxygen
a. Ratio of velocity to drag c. Both are equal
b. Ratio of viscous stress to velocity gradient 27. Due to viscosity and wind velocity gradually___________ from the ground
c. Ratio of viscosity to the friction upwards
10. The temperature variation near earth surface a. Decreases
a. Smaller b. Increases
b. Greater c. Constant
c. No change 28. Pressure measuring instrument
11. Viscosity coefficient a. Barometer
a. decreases with altitude b. Ammeter
b. (a)+ constant in tropopause c. Hygrometer
c. (b)+ increases in stratosphere 29. Dynamic pressure is the
d. (a)+ constant in stratosphere a. Pressure of the surrounding medium such as fluid or a gas which comes
12. What are the flow properties considered in ISA into contact with the object
a. Temperature, pressure b. Pressure as the result of the velocity through a fluid or gas
b. Temperature, Pressure, Density c. Pressure of the atmosphere at the altitude at which aircraft is flying
c. Temperature, Density 30. The mass of a cubic meter of air at ground level is roughly
13. ISA sea level temperature is a. 1.32 kg
a. 150C b. 450C c. 180C b. 1.67 kg
14. The property of air which makes all flight possible c. 1.225 kg
a. Viscosity 31. Lapse rate at 1000M is
b. Pressure a. 1.98 degree C
c. Density b. -5.6 degree C
15. Below which layer temperature decrease rapidly c. -6.5 degree C
a. Troposphere 32. Lapse rate at 1000ft is
b. Stratosphere a. 1.98 degree C
c. tropopause b. -5.6 degree C
16. Mean sea level pressure c. -6.5 degree C
a. 1013.3 mb 33. According to ISA at sea level temperature ,pressure & Density
b. 101.325 KN/m2 a. 2370C, 1.1013mbar, 1.225kg/m2
c. Both a and b b. 2370C, 101.3N/m2, 1.225kg/m2
17. What is the purpose of making ISA c. 2370C, 1.013x105 N/m2 , 1.225kg/m3
a. For identification 34. Fluid can be defined as
b. For making standardization for measurement a. Does not get affected by shear force
c. None of the above b. remain stable by the application of shear load
c. Will expand until it fills the container
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35. In static fluid 13. If aspect ratio is higher than induced drag is
a. Normal stress will act a. More than 40%
b. Pressure is zero b. More than 75%
c. Viscosity is nil c. Infinite
36. The characteristics of dry air at constant temperature & pressure 14. If induced drag is reduced
a. Greater density than humid air a. Span must be remains same
b. Less density than humid air b. Span must be reduced
c. Same as humid air c. Aspect ratio must be higher
37. Ideal fluid or In viscid flow 15. MTCS-higher Reynolds number
a. Shear force will act a. Supersonic – turbojet engine
b. Viscosity is zero b. Subsonic – aircrafts
c. It will deform under applied shear stress c. None of the above
38. Fluid is a substance 16. On a delta wing aircraft lift
a. It cannot deform under an applied stress a. Increases with increase in angle of attack
b. It cannot resist any shear force applied to them b. Decrease with increase in angle of attack
c. Viscosity will be the nil c. None of the above
39. Pressure is a 17. Induced drag is a part of
a. Scalar quantity a. Lift
b. Vector Quantity b. Weight
c. Both c. Thrust
18. The drag is caused by the separation of the boundary layer
Basic Aerodynamics a. Form drag
b. Induced drag
1. The drag which is inversely proportional to square of velocity c. Interference drag
a. Parasite drag 19. NACA 0009 airfoil is having
b. Induced drag a. More camber
c. Infinite drag b. Less camber
2. Aileron provide which control c. No camber
a. Longitudinal 20. Factors of drag primarily depends on
b. Roll a. Speed of airflow over the wing and other parts
c. Pitch b. The interference between different parts of A/C and airflow
3. If an aircraft having infinite aspect ratio then it will not be subjected to c. None of the above
a. Wingtip vortices 21. Density is defined as
b. Wingtip vortices and induced drag a. Weight / Volume
c. Induced drag b. Volume / mass
4. The aileron control is used to provide control around c. Mass / Volume
a. Lateral control in longitudinal plane 22. With greater aspect ratio ------------ will be reduced
b. Longitudinal control in lateral plane a. Profile drag
c. Both b. Induced drag
5. In streamline, the air c. Both a and b
a. The air is flow parallel to the main center line 23. Induced drag is not taken into consideration in
b. Pressure drop is uniform a. High speed
c. Velocity will be equal at each place b. Medium speed
6. At high speed the induced drag c. Low speed
a. Less than 10% of total drag 24. With greater aspect ratio ------------ will be reduced
b. Less than 25% of total drag a. Profile drag
c. More than 25% of total drag b. Induced drag
7. If the aspect ratio ---------------, the induced drag will be halved c. Both a and b
a. Doubled 25. When the AOA increases to the angle of maximum lift this is
b. Halved known as
c. Not affected a. Stalling angle
8. The point at which laminar flow is changed to turbulent is b. Critical angle
a. Transition point/bubble point c. Both
b. Turbulent flow 26. Rudder provides
c. None of the above a. Directional stability
9. The increase of angle of incidence from root to tip b. Lateral stability
a. Wash in c. Longitudinal stability
b. Wash out 27. An Ideal airfoil has
c. Both a. High maximum lift coefficient
10. The angle between chord line and relative air flow is b. Good lift/drag ratio
a. Angle of incidence c. Both a and b
b. Angle of attack 28. Efficiency of airfoil is
c. Longitudinal dihedral a. Lift over drag
11. The straight line which goes from the leading edge of the wing to the b. Drag over lift
trailing edge is called c. Weight over thrust
a. Camber line 29. The point of intersection of the resultant force line of the airfoil is
b. Chord line called the
c. Angle of attack a. Chord line
12. The layer of air over the surface of an airfoil which is slower moving in b. Camber line
relation to the rest of the airflow is known as c. Center of pressure
a. Camber
b. Chord
c. Boundary layer
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30. When flap will extend 47. Characteristics of airfoil depends on
a. Stalling angle is increased a. Airflow b. Curvature
b. Stalling angle is decreased c. Angle
c. Remains same 48. High thickness of the airfoil at the leading edge, what happens to the stall
31. Aileron gives --------- control characteristics?
a. Roll a. poor
b. Yaw b. Good
c. Pitch c. Excellent
32. If center of gravity of aircraft is forward of center of pressure than nose of 49. Reynolds number
aircraft will a. Is applicable to supersonic aircrafts
a. Drop b. Is applicable to continuous flow
b. Rise c. Both a and b
c. It depends on distance between CP and CG 50. Movement of center of pressure is affected by
33. The Newton’s law of mechanism that is applicable to air a. Centre of gravity
a. 1st law & 2nd law b. Angle of attack
b. 1st law & 2nd law c. Centre of drag
c. 1st law & 2nd law & 3rd law 51. When slat is extended the max C L of the aerofoil may be increasing by as
34. The point on a wing surface where boundary layer starts much as
a. Trailing edge a. 20 % b. 40 % c. 60 %
b. Leading edge 52. Angle of airfoil is slightly negative will it generate lift
c. Transition point a. Do not generate lift
35. An airfoil stalls at a b. May be generate lift
a. Certain Angle and certain speed c. None
b. Certain Angle and not a certain speed 53. At constant AOA, if density increases then L/D ratio
c. Not a certain Angle and certain speed a. Increases
36. Mark the correct statement b. Decreases
a. Centre of pressure is the point on chord of wings from where drag force c. Remains constant
acts 54. Wave drag is generally produced at
b. Centre of pressure is the point on chord of wings from where lift force a. Subsonic & Sonic Speed
acts b. Transonic & Supersonic Speed
c. Centre of pressure is the point on chord of wings from where weight c. Hypersonic Speed
force acts 55. On a swept wing aircraft if both wing tip loses lift simultaneously the
37. Which of the following is profile drag aircraft will
a. Skin friction drag a. Roll
b. Induced drag b. Pitch nose up
c. Wave drag c. Pitch nose down
38. The movement of center of pressure is independent from 56. The increase in kinetic energy due to increase in velocity is accompanied
a. Lift by a corresponding decrease in
b. Drag a. Static pressure
c. Weight b. Dynamic Pressure
39. An ideal airfoil has c. Stagnation Pressure
a. High max CL 57. The geometric features of an airfoil section are
b. Low minimum CD a. The camber of the center line
c. Both (a) & (b) b. The position of maximum camber
40. Which control surface provide pith control c. The radius of curvature of the leading edge
a. Elevator d. All the above
b. Aileron 58. Krueger flap is a
c. Flaps a. Leading edge flap
41. Induced drag is affected due to b. Trailing edge flap
a. Lift c. Leading edge slat
b. Drag 59. Stagnation pressure
c. Climb a. Static + dynamic
42. As long as you have lift, you have b. Static
a. Skin friction drag c. Dynamic
b. Induced drag 60. The value of the dynamic pressure and hence the indicated speed at
c. Wave drag which this occurs will always be the _______ whatever the height.
43. Law applicable for equilibrium flight is a. Increases
a. Newton 1st law b. Decreases
b. Newton 2nd law c. Newton 3rd law c. Same
44. Elevator control 61. Smooth surface encourages
a. Pitch a. Laminar flow
b. Directional b. Boundary layer
c. Roll c. Homogeneous layer
45. As AOA increases 62. Airfoil with maximum camber well forward at leading edge will
a. C of P moves forward have___________ stall characteristics.
b. C of P moves rearwards a. Poor
c. Remains constant b. Good
46. Lift of an aircraft produced more due to c. Excellent
a. increase in pressure on the upper surface 63. The streamline shapes which have given the least resistance at subsonic
b. Increase in pressure on lower surface. speeds have had a
c. Decrease pressure on lower surface a. fineness ratio
b. pressure ratio
c. aspect ratio
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b. 4 to 1 up to about 6 to 1
64. A laminar boundary layer over the boundary layer over the whole c. 2 to 1 up to about 5 to 1
surface of a wing the skin friction would be reduced to 80.While take off induced drag is
about__________ of its value. a. 20 % of total drag
a. One - tenth b. 50 % of total drag
b. One - third c. 70 % of total drag
c. One - fourth 81.When slat will extend
65. The turbulent layer has a much degree of shear at the surface and it is a. Stalling angle is decreased
this which causes the skin fiction to be much b. Stalling angle is increased
___________that it is for the laminar boundary layer. c. Remains same
a. Smaller 82. Lines which show the direction of the flow of the fluid at any particular
b. Higher moment are called
c. Same a. Line of zero lift
66. Drag coefficient of a body is dependent on b. Streamlines
a. The shape of the body c. Chord line
b. The square of the velocity 83. Speed of sound in gas
c. The density of the air a. Directly proportional to temperature
d. All the above b. Inversely proportional to temperature
67. In subsonic speed the air is c. No relation
a. Compressible 84. The camber convex of airfoil in upper surface is
b. Incompressible a. Smaller
c. None b. Greater
68. In supersonic speed the air is c. Same
a. Compressible 85. As velocity increases transition point on wing will moves
b. Incompressible a. Towards leading edge
c. None b. Towards trailing edge
69. The angle between the chord of the aerofoil and some fixed datum line c. No effect
in the aeroplane 86. The purpose of slat
a. Angle of attack a. To increase drag
b. Riggers angle of incidence b. To re-energize boundary layer
c. Longitudinal dihedral angle c. To decrease stalling angle
70. The upper surface by means of its decreased pressure which provides 87. Fixed slat at high speed will give
the a. Less drag
a. Four – fifth of lift b. More drag
b. Three – fifth of lift c. No change
c. Two – fifth of lift 88. Camber & split flap will give
71. The component has hardly any effect on the position of the center of a. Increases in Max CL
pressure b. Increases in Drag
a. Lift c. Both
b. Drag 89. Blown & jet flaps may be a serious disadvantage in the event of
c. Weight a. Diving
72. In flat plate an increase of the angle of attack over the same angles b. Climbing
causes the center of pressure to move c. Power failure
a. Forward 90. Reynolds number is the ratio of
b. Backward a. Inertia force to viscous force
c. Remains same b. Elastic to viscous force
73. The pitching moment is positive when it tends to push the nose c. Elastic to inertia force
a. Upwards 91. If Reynolds number is increasing the flow will be
b. Downwards a. Laminar
c. Constant b. Turbulent
74. Relation between CL& AOA c. Transition
a. Directly proportional 92. If density is increasing the Reynolds number will be
b. Inversely proportional a. Increasing
c. None b. Decreasing
75. L/D ratio increases very rapidly up to about c. Remains same
a. 00 93. If viscosity is increasing the Reynolds number will be
b. 30 or 40 a. Increasing
c. 150 b. Decreasing
76.The L/D ratio increases very rapidly up to 3 or 4 degree at which angles the c. Remains same
lift is nearly 94. Airfoil with max camber well forward say at 15% to 20% of the chord
a. 20 times the drag may have
b. 24 times the drag a. Low drag
c. 10 times the drag b. High drag
77.At subsonic speeds the aerodynamic center is usually about c. No drag
a. One – fourth of the chord from LE 95. There must be some point on the chord about which there is no change
b. Two – third of the chord from LE in pitching moment is called
c. One – Quarter of the chord from LE a. Line of zero lift
78.NACA 4412 is b. Aerodynamic center
a. Symmetrical airfoil c. Stagnation point
b. Unsymmetrical airfoil 96. The concept of thrust is explained by
c. None a. Newton’s 1st law
79.Aspect ratio for flight at subsonic speeds vary from b. Newton’s2nd law
a. 6 to 1 up to about 10 to 1 c. Newton’s 3rd law
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Theory of Flight a. AOA is less than stalling angle
b. To allow speed to increase beyond the stalling speed
1. Landing speed is________ when flap & slat is open c. AOA is more than 250
a. Increasing 15. Speed of sound at mean sea level
b. Decreasing a. 320m/s
c. No change b. 340m/s
2. When banking on a turn stalling speed is _________ then c. 300m/s
when landing(Ref-ACK 190) 16. Performance capability of jet engine with propeller is
a. lower depends on(Ref-ACK 130)
b. higher a. Power
c. Same b. Thrust
3. The increase in lift tends to _______ the glide angle(Ref-ACK c. Both
209) 17. Performance capability of jet engine is depends on (Ref-ACK
a. Flatten 130)
b. Steepen a. Thrust
c. Remains same b. power
4. The steeper the original glide the greater the change in flight c. Both
path involved and so the more speed must be there in hand 18. If landing speeds go up with_________ Wing loading(Ref-ACK
for______(Ref-ACK 209) 216)
a. Diving a. Low
b. Landing b. High
c. Flattening out c. Same
5. After Flattening out we must lose any excess speed this may 19. A slight increase in the _________ to use for climbing(Ref-
called_______(Ref-ACK 209) ACK 226)
a. Float a. AOA
b. Hold-off b. Best speed
c. Both c. Trim
6. The gliding path is flatter so there is ________ change of path 20. For equilibrium level flight (Ref-ACK 148)
in flattening out and so(Ref-ACK 211) a. L = W
a. Less b. T = D
b. More c. Both a and b
c. Same 21. The airspeed during a spin is comparatively low and the rate
7. In straight and level flight when cruising power required curve of descent is also(Ref-ACK 248)
and power available curve are perpendicular is a. Low
a. Safety range b. High
b. Endurance range c. Same
c. Both 22. Propeller convert------------- into -----------(Ref-ACK 131)
8. During turn the outer wing offers more(Ref-ACK 224) a. Thrust, torque
a. Drag b. Torque, thrust
b. Lift c. Thrust, power
c. Bank 23. In straight and level flight we must prevent aircraft from(Ref-
9. When engine failure occurs and lift is forward of the weight ACK 149)
then a. Climbing
a. Aircraft tends to stall b. Rotating
b. It gives position of gliding c. Diving
c. Slightly reduces straight and level flight 24. Rate of climb with respect to altitude(Ref-ACK 224)
10. Higher weight in gliding flight is not affected not by(Ref-ACK a. ROC increases with increase in altitude
185) b. ROC decreases with increase in altitude
a. Stalling angle and range are reduced c. None of the above
b. Stalling angle and speed are reduced 25. What changes an even and straight flight?(Ref-ACK 149)
c. Speed and range are reduced a. Rotation
11. During flat turn(Ref-ACK 245) b. Diving
a. Roll only c. Climbing
b. Yaw only 26. During gliding turn the aircraft rolls(Ref-ACK 224)
c. Combination of roll & yaw a. Inward
12. In the case of aircraft nose drop thrust line is placed---------- b. Outward
and drag line is---------(Ref-ACK 149) c. None of the above
a. High ; low 27. Climb performance is related to
b. High ; high a. Performance curve
c. Low ; high b. Lift curve
13. During turn stalling angle c. Drag curve
a. Increases 28. Except in special cases it is unadvisable to
b. Decreases a. Trim
c. Remains same b. Flat out
14. During take-off before pulling off(Ref-ACK 215) c. Dive
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29. During climbing turn the aircraft will roll(Ref-ACK 244) a. More
a. Inwards b. Less
b. Outwards c. Same
c. None of the above 45. As weight of aircraft increases, lift has to be increased by
30. If we increase or decrease the best gliding speed, the flight increasing?
path will(Ref-ACK 182) a. AOA
a. Flatter b. Velocity
b. Steeper c. Drag
c. 20 to30 46. In an ordinary turn the inward centripetal force is provided by
31.The speed of sound is roughly _________ times the speed of the aero plane(Ref-ACK 236)
sound in air (Ref-ACK 487) a. Climbing
a. Two b. Three c. Four b. Gliding
32. Distance travelled by aircraft per unit fuel is c. Banking
a. Air specific range 47. Sharp leading edges are used in supersonic wings to reduce
b. Specific fuel consumption c. None the (Ref-ACK 488)
33. The weight of an aircraft is acting at which point a. Lift b. Drag c. Weight
a. C of G 48. If we increase or decrease the best angle which gives L/D the
b. C of P path of descent will be(Ref-ACK 182)
c. Aerodynamic center a. Flatter
34. During climb which of the following curve should be b. Steeper
consider?(Ref-ACK 218) c. Same
a. V-N curve 49. If the aircraft will glide along the wind the path of descent will
b. Performance curve be(Ref-ACK 184)
c. Only a a. Flatter
35. In steeper turn rudder position is taken by (Ref-ACK 245) b. Steeper
a. Elevator c. Same
b. Rudder 50. Expansion wave in supersonic flow is a region where the
c. Aileron speed will (Ref-ACK 488)
36. If CP of an aircraft is behind CG, what happened to the nose? a. Increase
a. Drops b. Decrease
b. Pitch up
c. Constant
c. Remains same
51. If wing loading is increasing then stalling speed will be(Ref-
37. During climbing
ACK 193)
a. Lift is greater than weight (Ref-ACK 229 & 485)
a. Increasing
b. Lift is less than weight
b. Decreasing
c. Lift is equal to weight
38. The flight Mach no at which local supersonic flow first c. Remains the same
52. The tail plane can produce lift in either the +ve or –ve in order
appears somewhere on the aircraft is (Ref-ACK 488)
to produce the required moment for(Ref-ACK 151)
a. Subsonic a. Pitch up
b. Transonic b. Trim
c. Sonic c. Pith down
39. During takeoff preferably aircraft will go(Ref-ACK 216) 53. At lower altitude power required is (Ref-ACK 223)
a. Against the wind a. Less
b. Along with wind b. More
c. None of the above c. No change
40. The ratio ofInertial to elastic force is called 54. Service Ceiling is the height at which rate of climb
a. Reynolds no becomes(Ref-ACK 225)
b. Euler’s no a. Less than 0.5m/s
c. Mach no b. More than 0.5m/s
41. Centre of drag is(Ref-ACK 148) c. Constant
a. Aircraft speed 55. The aero plane may travel upwards or downwards along the
b. Actual position depends on the relative resistance of normal axis as in(Ref-ACK 230)
different parts of airplane a. Climbing
c. None of the above b. Descending
42. The effects of an increase of altitude(Ref-ACK 226) c. Both
a. Slight reduction in minimum speed 56. The Aero plane may travel to right or left along the lateral axis
b. Increase in maximum speed such motion is called(Ref-ACK 230)
c. Large reduction in rate of climb a. Side slipping
d. All the above b. Skidding
43. At steady level flight lift is equal to(Ref-ACK 148) c. Both
a. Thrust 57. In climbing turn necessity for holding off bank is (Ref-ACK
b. Drag 243)
c. Weight a. More
44. During climbing turn lift on a inner wing is (Ref-ACK 224) b. Less
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c. No Required b. Steeper
58. Dutch roll c. Same
a. Only Yaw b. Only Roll 71. When banking on a turn the lift on the wings must be greater
c. Combination of Yaw & Roll than the(Ref-ACK 190)
59. The propeller torque and engine torque will be exactly (Ref- a. stalling speed
ACK 131) b. weight
a. Sameb. Equal and opposite
c. None
c. None
60. The ratio of the useful work given out by the propeller to the 72. The increase in drag tends to steepen the (Ref-ACK 209)
work put into it by the engine is(Ref-ACK 138) a. Gliding angle
a. Work done b. Gliding attitude
b. Efficiency c. Both
c. Power 73. Wherever the power available curve is _________ the power
61. Movement of the center of gravity during flight caused, for required curve, level flight is possible
instance, by(Ref-ACK 149) a. Above
a. Consumption of fuel b. Below
b. Movement of passengers c. Same
c. Both a and b 74. The power available to _________ with altitude
62. The angle of attack or the attitude of the aero plane to the air a. Decreases
is the same in level flight at all heights, provided the IAS(Ref-ACK b. Increases
166) c. Same
a. Increases 75. The power required to _________ with altitude
b. Decreases a. Decreases
c. Remains same b. Increases
63. The less the total weight of the aircraft, the indicated c. Same
airspeed will be(Ref-ACK 167) 76. TAS for the best rate of climb _________ with height
a. More a. Increases
b. Less b. Decreases
c. Same c. Remains same
64. L/D is Maximum and drag will be(Ref-ACK 169) 77. The greater the centripetal acceleration required, the higher
a. Least will be the (Ref-ACK 236)
b. Maximum a. Stalling Angle
c. No change b. Stalling Speed
65. The angle of attack that gives the best L/D ratio will be the c. None of the above
same at whatever the (Ref-ACK 169) 78. Increase in velocity needs an ___________ in the angle of
a. Height bank
b. Weight (Ref-ACK 239)
c. Both a and b a. Increase
66. The drag is the same at the same _________ at all b. Decrease
heights(Ref-ACK 171) c. Remains same
a. IAS 79. The radius of the turn is increased the angle of bank may
b. TAS be(Ref-ACK 246)
c. None a. Increased
67. The higher we go, the greater is the_________ for the same b. Reduced
(Ref-ACK 172) c. Remains same
a. TAS 80. Steep turns can only be accomplished if the engine is
b. Drag powerful enough to keep the aeroplane travelling at(Ref-ACK
c. Weight 241)
68. The higher we go, the greater is the TAS and therefore the a. High speed and low angles of attack
greater the (Ref-ACK 172) b. High speed and large angles of attack
a. Power Available c. High speed and large angles of attack even at stalling angle
b. Power required 81. Modern aircraft have a small side surface and if this coupled
c. Drag with________ directional stability(Ref-ACK 245)
69. To get maximum endurance we must use the(Ref-ACK 173) a. Poor b. Good c. None
a. Maximum power 82. The radius of turn can be reduced as the angle of bank
b. Minimum power is_________(Ref-ACK 239)
c. Same power a. Increased
70. If the aircraft will glide against the wind the path of descent b. Decreased
will be(Ref-ACK 184) c. Remains the same
a. Flatter
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97. The angle of bank is quite independent of the______(Ref-ACK
83. __________ is very rarely performed in practice(Ref-ACK 251) 238)
a. Flat Dive a. Weight
b. Steep dive b. Lift
c. Both c. Drag
84. Maximum climb speed of aircraft
a. Increases with altitude 98. As the angle of bank increases lift will(Ref-ACK 239)
b. Decreases with altitude a. Increase
c. No change b. Decrease
85. The ideal aero plane must be one in which there is c. Same
no____(Ref-ACK 160) 99. The normal duties of the engine arte to propel the aero plane
a. Aspect ratio at(Ref-ACK 241)
b. Fineness ratio a. High speed at small angle of attack
c. Parasite drag b. Low speed and large AOA
86. In the nature of a flying wing , we should than obtain a lift c. Both
(Ref-ACK 160) 100. A nose dive is really an exaggerated form of(Ref-ACK 251)
a. 20 times greater than drag a. Gliding b. Climbing c. Level flight
b. 30 times greater than drag 101. In steep dive the weight is entirely balanced by(Ref-ACK
c. 40 times greater than drag 251)
87. At high speed tight turn radius of turn will be(Ref-ACK 223) a. Lift b. Drag c. Thrust
a. small 102. In gliding ______ is rarely performed in practice(Ref-ACK
b. Large 251)
c. Same a. Flatter glide
89. The aircraft stopped rolling and provided it is still travelling b. Steep dive
straight ahead the aerodynamic force will be influenced by c. None
a. Airstream passing over and below the aircraft 103. The aileron act also as flap is known as(Ref-ACK 197)
b. Airstream passing over the aircraft a. Ruddervator
c. Airstream passing below the aircraft b. Elevons
90. Aircraft take off angle of attack during climbing c. Flaperons
a. at 25 degree of AOA 104. Differential movement of tail surface is known as (Ref-ACK
b. above the stalling angle 197)
c. Below the stalling angle a. Flaperons b. Elevons c. Tailerons
91. Greater range if we fly a great deal faster than the(Ref-ACK 105. Low minimum speed and high maximum speed of aircraft
175) will give(Ref-ACK 192)
a. Minimum drag speed a. poor speed range b. Good speed range c. None
b. Maximum drag speed 106. When the flap is lowered and the chances are that center of
c. Maximum stalling speed pressure on top of the surface will move (Ref-ACK 213)
92. The tangent of the gliding angle is directly dependent on a. Forward b. Backward c. Remains same
the(Ref-ACK 181) 107. Streamlining will give (Ref-ACK 208)
a. L/D ratio a. Flatter glide angle b. Steeper glide angle
b. Fineness ratio c. Steep dive
c. Aspect ratio 108. Estimating the power available from the engine and power
93. The greater the value of L/D the gliding angle will be(Ref-ACK required for level flight at various speed is given by (Ref-ACK 218)
181) a. Performance curve
a. Flatter b. Steeper c. No change b. Lift curve
94. When banking on a turn the lift on the wings must be(Ref- c. Drag curve
ACK 190) 109. The pilot can put the nose down slightly and maintain level
a. greater than the weight b. Lesser than the weight flight at an (Ref-ACK 217)
c. Same as the weight a. Increased speed & increased AOA
95. The altitude at which required power and available power b. Increased speed & decreased AOA
curve are tangential to each other is c. Decreased speed & decreased AOA
a. Service ceiling b. Absolute ceiling c. Absolute power 110. At any certain height the power available & power required
96. In aerobatics every part of an aero plane is given load factor curve to each other called
which varies accordingly to conditions being usually(Ref-ACK a. Absolute ceiling
236) b. Service ceiling
a. Between 4 and 8 c. Absolute power
b. Between 2 and 4 c. Between 1 and 4
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111. Lowering flaps during the glide will generally________ the b. Stick pusher
glide(Ref-ACK 484)
c. Both
a. Flatten b. Steepen c. No Effect
11. MTCS-about stability
112. During climb an increase in weight will mean a reduction in
a. Stability characteristics about all axis are different
(Ref-ACK 285)
b. Stability around lateral axis is different from stability around
a. Range b. Endurance c. Both
roll and yaw axis
113. The instrument is used for measuring the flight Mach no of
c. Stability around all axis are same
an aircraft____________(Ref-ACK 488)
a. Speedometer b. Ammeter c. Mach meter 12. 15. Longitudinal stability is affected by (Ref-ACK 259)
a. Wing
Flight Stability& Dynamics b. Vertical stabilizer
c. Rudder
1. In the half way the stability and instability is called (Ref-ACK 13. Longitudinal stability is highly affected due to (Ref-ACK 259)
257) a. Movement of tail plane
a. Perfect stability b. Movement of center of gravity
b. Out of trim stability c. Movement of center of pressure
c. Neutral stability 14. The control surfaces are placed as far as possible away
the_________ So as to provide sufficient leverage to alter the
2. Directional control is provided by (Ref-ACK 273)
position of the airplane. (Ref-ACK 274)
a. Rudder a. Center of pressure b. Center of gravity
b. Aileron c. Aerodynamic center
c. Elevator 15. Longitudinal stability is affected by
3. If the aircraft is sideslip which stability is affected (Ref-ACK a. Hull b. Vertical stabilizer c. Rudder
267) 16. If pitching moment about fuselage disturbed then which
a. Longitudinal stability stability is affected (Ref-ACK 260)
b. Dynamic stability a. Lateral
c. Directional stability b. Longitudinal
4. The axis which passes from nose to tail is called c. Directional
a. Lateral axis 17. If directional stability is too much and too little dihedral (Ref-
b. Longitudinal axis ACK 272)
c. Vertical axis a. Dutch roll b. Yaw divergence c. Roll Divergence
5. The normal axis which passes through 18. Which of the following effects on stability
a. CG a. Stick fixed b. Stick free c. Both
b. CP 19. More directional and less lateral stability (Ref-ACK 486)
c. Both a. Dutch roll
6. The position of cg which is too far back (Ref-ACK 259) b. Spiral divergence
a. Longitudinal instability c. Directional divergence
b. Lateral instability 20. Trim tab requires
c. Both a. More stick force b. Less stick force c. Zero stick force
7. The longitudinal stability is depend upon (Ref-ACK 260) 21. During a common method used to eliminate Dutch roll is by
a. The position of C.G a. Yaw damping
b. The tail plane b. Climbing
c. The tail plane its area and distance from C.G c. Gliding
d. All 22. Distribution of fuselage side surface more than ahead of CG
than after will affect (Ref-ACK 268)
8. In all airplane when flying at a small AOA there is a
a. Directional stability b. Lateral stability
resistance to roll on the down going wing will increase (Ref-ACK
c. Longitudinal stability
262)
23. The stability which is very rarely achieved in practice (Ref-
a. Lift
ACK 258)
b. AOA
a. Lateral stability
c. Both
b. Longitudinal stability
9. Airplane which have a hail tail plane on top of a high fin
c. Dead-beat stability
(Ref-ACK 267)
24. Stick fixed condition (Ref-ACK 258)
a. Directional stability b. Lateral stability
a. The elevators are held in their neutral position relative to
10. When the controls are incorporated ------------ will be the tail plane
b. The pilot releases control column and allows the elevators
activated (Ref-ACK 285)
to take up their own positions
a. Stick shaker
c. Both a and b
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25. The longitudinal dihedral is made for 39. Angle between main plane and tail plane is known as (Ref-
a. High – speed aircraft ACK 260)
b. Low – speed aircraft a. Longitudinal Dihedral angle
c. Most aircraft b. Angle of bank
26. If the aircraft has sweepback wing and stall on tip the aircraft c. Angle of attack
gives which movement 40. The stability of an aircraft considered during design of the
a. Pitching b. Yawing c. Rolling aircraft (Ref-ACK 257)
27. Longitudinal stability is about which axis (Ref-ACK 259) a. Lateral stability
a. Lateral axis b. Inherent stability
b. Longitudinal axis c. Dead-beat stability
c. Normal axis 41. If rudder pedal is un-operative than which may be used
28. A small fin at the end of long fuselage may be just as effective a. Stick shaker b. Stick pusher c. Sensor
in producing (Ref-ACK 268) 42. The pendulum effect on high wing aircraft (Ref-ACK 274)
a. Lateral stability b. Longitudinal stability a. Increase lateral stability
c. Directional stability b. Decrease lateral stability
29. Aircraft will have weaker positive directional opposed to c. Has no effect on lateral stability
positive lateral stability can result in a 43. Which tab requires more stick force
a. Spiral divergence a. Balanced tab b. Anti-Balanced tab c. Spring tab
b. Directional divergence 44. Forces & moments on the body caused by a disturbance
c. Dutch roll initially tends to return the body towards its equilibrium
30. During equilibrium flight operation stability depends on position
a. Magnitude of force applied a. Dynamic Stability
b. Length from the C.G b. Equilibrium position
c. Both a and b c. Static stability
31. The most common method of obtaining lateral stability by
45. Modification of servo tab is called (Ref-ACK 277)
use of
a. Balanced tab b. Trim tab c. Spring tab
a. dihedral angle on main plane b. Dihedral of tail plane
46. Differential ailerons
c. Both
a. Upward aileron movement is large
32. When an aircraft is in damping oscillation at a period of time
b. Downward aileron movement is large
a. Dynamic stability
c. Upward aileron movement is small
b. Static stability
47. In Slot-cum-aileron control if aileron is move down then the
c. Static negative stability
slat will (Ref-ACK 284)
33. Longitudinal instability is due to the (Ref-ACK 260)
a. Open b. Close c. No change
a. Pitching movement on main plane
48. Adverse yaw will be counteracted by
b. Rolling movement on wings
a. Wash out
c. Yawing movement on tail plane
b. Slot-cum-aileron control
34. Stick free condition (Ref-ACK 258)
c. Both
a. The elevators are held in their neutral position relative to the
49. The airflow crosses expansion wave its velocity will
tail plane
a. Increase
b. The pilot releases control column and allows the elevators to
b. Decrease
take up their own positions
c. Remains same
c. Both a and b
50. Mass Balancing Will reduce (Ref-ACK 279)
35. Lateral stability about which axis (Ref-ACK 259)
a. Speed b. Drag c. Flutter
a. Lateral axis
51. Degree of stability affected by (Ref-ACK 258)
b. Directional axis
a. Stick fixed b. Stick free c. Both
c. Longitudinal axis
52. If CG is low in high wing aircraft (Ref-ACK 265)
36. Lateral stability is maintained by (Ref-ACK 267)
a. Longitudinal stability
a. sweep back angle b. Lateral stability
b. Angle of incidence c. Pitching
c. Angle of attack 53. Mark the correct statement (Ref-ACK 260)
37. If the planes are inclined upward towards the wing tips the a. If the plane does not have longitudinal dihedral it means its
dihedral (Ref-ACK 262) longitudinally unstable
a. Positive b. Negative c. Neutral b. Longitudinal dihedral means actual angle at which tail plane
38. Lateral stability can be reduced by (Ref-ACK 262) expose to airflow
a. Swept back angle c. Both a and b
b. Anhedral angle
c. Dihedral angle
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DGCA Module 08 Question Paper – January 2018
1. Temperature at sea level is

a. 288K
b. 273K
c. 173K
2. Below which layer temperature decrease rapidly
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Thermosphere
3. Mean sea level pressure
a. 1013.3 mb
b. 101.325 KN/m2
c. Both a and b
4. The stability which is very rarely achieved in practice
5. During gliding turn the aircraft rolls
a. Inward
b. Outward
c. None of the above
6. Stick fixed condition
a. The elevators are held in their neutral position relative to the tail plane
b. The pilot releases control column and allows the elevators to take up their own positions
c. Both a and b
7. Which of the following is profile drag
a. Skin friction drag
b. Induced drag
c. Wave drag
8. The longitudinal dihedral is made for
a. High – speed aircraft
b. Low – speed aircraft
c. Most aircraft
9. What are the flow properties considered in ISA
a. Temperature, pressure
b. Temperature, Pressure, Density
c. Temperature, Density
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10. What is the purpose of making ISA

a. For identification
b. For making standardization for measurement
11. The movement of centre of pressure is independent from
a. Lift
b. Drag
c. Weight
12. Climb performance is related to
a. Performance curve
b. Lift curve
c. Drag curve
13. An ideal airfoil has
a. High CL
b. Low CD
c. Both (a) & (b)
14. Which control surface provide pith control
a. Elevator
b. Aileron
c. Flaps
15. What are the factors affecting longitudinal stability
a. Tail plane
b. Area of the tail plane
c. As in (a) & (b) + distance from C.G
16. Induced drag is affected due to
a. Lift
b. Drag
c. Climb
17. Aircraft performance’s vital component
a. Density
b. Pressure
c. Velocity
18. During turn which force is independent
a. Lift
b. Drag
c. Weight

19. Longitudinal stability is about which axis

a. Lateral axis
b. Longitudinal axis
c. Normal axis
20. Coefficient of viscosity is defined as
a. Ratio of velocity to drag
b. Ratio of stress velocity to velocity gradient
c. Ratio of viscosity to the friction
21. Viscosity coefficient
a. decreases with altitude
b. (a)+ constant in tropopause
c. (a)+ decreases in stratosphere
d. (b)+ increases in stratosphere
22. During climbing turn the aircraft will roll
a. Inwards
b. Outwards
23. Longitudinal stability is affected by
a. Hull
b. Wing
c. Vertical stabilizer
24. As long as you have lift, you have
a. Skin friction drag
b. Induced drag
c. Wave drag
25. Density is not depends on
a. Rocket
b. Parachute
c. Kite
26. As altitude increase then
a. TAS decrease than IAS
b. TAS greater than IAS
c. Both are same
27. Which of the following law applies to the air
a. Newton’s 1st & 2nd law
b. Newton’s 1st , 2nd & 3nd law
c. Newton’s 1st law

28. If we increase or decrease the best gliding speed, the flight path will
a. Flatter
b. Steeper
c. 20 to30
29. If we have a big rudder and large fin area
a. It is more directionally stable than laterally stable
b. It is less directionally stable than laterally stable
c. Both (a) & (b)
30. The distance covered relative to the air in straight & level flight per unit weight of fuel is
a. Endurance range
b. Specific air range
c. Air range
ANSWER KEY
1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.a 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.b 11.c 12.a 13.c
14.a 15.c 16.a 17.a 18.c 19.a 20.b 21.d 22.b 23.a 24.b 25.a 26.b
27.b 28.b 29.a 30.b
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ISA
1. The ISA.
a. assumes a standard day.
b. is taken from the equator.
c. is taken from 45 degrees latitude.
2. The International Standard Atmosphere can be described as.
a. the atmosphere at 45 degrees north latitude.
b. the atmosphere at the equator with certain conditions.
c. the atmosphere which can be used Worldwide to provide comparable performance results.
3. As the altitude increases what happens of the ratio of Nitrogen to Oxygen?.
a. Increases.
b. Decreases.
c. Stays the same.
4. IAS includes
a. Pressure only
b. Temperature and density
c. Pressure, temperature and density
ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.c 3.c 4.c
EXPLANATION
1. The properties of a standard day are related to sea level at latitude 45 degrees latitude. See the Forum for
more details.
2. NIL.
3. NIL.
4. NIL.
DENSITY
1. Density is
a. Weight / Volume
b. Volume / mass
c. Mass / Volume
2. which does not depend on density of air for its operation
a. Rocket
b. Kite
c. Parachute
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3. Which has the greater density?
a. Air at low altitude.
b. Air at high altitude.
c. It remains constant.
4. What happens to the density of air as altitude is increased?
a. Decreases.
b. Stays the same.
c. Increases.
5. Density at sea level
a. 1.225 kg
b. 1.025 bar
c. 1.225 kg / m3
6. Density changes with altitude at a rate.
a. Of 2kg/m3 per 1000 ft.
b. Which changes with altitude
c. Which is constant until 11 km.
ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.b
EXPLANATION
1. NIL.
2. NIL.
3. Air density reduces with altitude.
4. NIL.
5. NIL.
6. The rate of change of density is not constant - it diminishes with altitude. So no single figure for lapse
rate can be quoted.
HUMIDITY
1. The amount of water vapour capacity in the air (humidity holding capacity of the air) is.
a. Greater on a colder day, and lower on a hotter day.
b. Doesn’t have a significant difference.
c. Greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day.
2. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?.
a. Relative humidity
b. Dew point
c. Absolute humidity.
3. Which will weigh the least?.
a. 98 parts of dry air and 2 parts of water vapour.
b. 50 parts of dry air and 50 parts of water vapour.
c. 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapour.
4. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if
the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?.
a. Absolute humidity.
b. Dew point.
c. Relative humidity.
5. The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated is called.
a. relative humidity.
b. dew point.
c. absolute humidity.
ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.b

EXPLANATION
1. The amount of water vapour capacity in the air is greater on a hotter day.
2. Absolute humidity is the 'actual' amount of water in a mixture of air and water.
3. Water vapour is 62% the weight of dry air.
4. Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapour actually present to the water vapour that the air would hold if it
were saturated.
5. The temperature to which humid air must be cooled to become saturated is called the 'due point'.


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CENTRE OF PRESSURE & CENTRE OF GRAVITY

1. All the lift can be said to act through the.
a. Centre of pressure.
b. Centre of gravity.
c. Normal axis.
2. If the angle of attack of a wing is increased in flight, the.
a. CofP will move aft.
b. CofP will move forward.
c. C of G will move aft.
3. As the angle of attack decreases, what happens to the centre of pressure?.
a. It moves rearwards.
b. Centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attack decrease.
c. It moves forward.
4. If the C of G is aft of the Centre of Pressure.
a. When the aircraft yaws the aerodynamic forces acting forward of the Centre of Pressure.
b. Changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to increase the change in lift.
c. When the aircraft sideslips, the C of G causes the nose to turn into the sideslip thus applying a
restoring moment.
5. The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is located.
a. 30 - 40% of the chord line forward of the leading edge.
b. 50% of the chord line back from the leading edge.
c. 30 - 40% of the chord line back from the leading edge.
6. The CofP is the point where.
a. The lift can be said to act.
b. The three axis of rotation meet.
c. All the forces on an aircraft act.
7. At stall, the wingtip stagnation point.
a. Doesn’t move.
b. Moves toward the lower surface of the wing.
c. Moves toward the upper surface of the wing.
8. If the C of G is calculated after loading as within limits for takeoff.
a. A further calculation is required prior to landing to allow for fuel and oil consumption.
b. A further calculation is required prior to landing to allow for flap deployment.
c. No further calculation is required.
9. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is.
a. Movement of passengers.
b. Consumption of fuel and oils.

c. Movement of cargo.
10. What effect would a forward CG have on an aircraft on landing?.
a. Increase stalling speed.
b. Reduce stalling speed.
c. No effect on landing.
ANSWER KEY
1.a 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.c 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.a
EXPLANATION
1. All the lift is said to act through the centre of pressure.
2. Increasing the AOA moves the CofP forward.
3. The centre of pressure moves FORWARDS with an INCREASE in angle of attack. Therefore it moves
REARWARDS with a DECREASE in angle of attack.
4. If the C of G is aft of the centre of pressure (not normal, but possible), an increase in lift will pitch the
aircraft nose-up, which will increase the lift even further etc. etc.
5. The centre of pressure is positioned roughly 30 - 40 % of the chord line BACK from the leading edge.
6. NILL
7. At stall the angle of attack is high (all along the wing) and the stagnation point moves towards the lower
surface of the wing.
8. If the CG of the fuel is not directly on the empty aircraft CG, the loaded aircraft CG must be calculated
twice (with and without fuel)
9. Consumption of fuel and oil causes the C of G to move in flight.
10. A forward CG would require the tail of the aircraft to exert more download to keep the nose level. This
will increase the wing loading and thus the aircraft would stall at a higher speed.


TEMPERATURE
1. What is the lapse rate with regard to temperature?.
a. 4°C per 1000 ft.
b. 1.98°C per 1000 ft.
c. 1.98°F per 1000 ft.
2. Standard sea level temperature is.
a. 20 degrees Celsius.
b. 0 degrees Celsius.
c. 15 degrees Celsius.
3. Lapse rate usually refers to.
a. Density.
b. Pressure.
c. Temperature.
4. Temperature above 36,000 feet will.
a. increase exponentially.
b. decrease exponentially.
c. remain constant.
5. What is the temperature in comparison to ISA conditions at 30,000ft?.
a. -60°C.
b. 0°C.
c. -45°C.
6. The speed of sound in the atmosphere.
a. changes with a change in pressure.
b. varies according to the frequency of the sound.
c. changes with a change in temperature.
7. Which statement concerning heat and/or temperature is true?.
a. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of any substance.
b. Temperature is a measure of the potential energy of the molecules of any substance.
c. There is an inverse relationship between temperature and heat.
8. On a very hot day with ambient temperature higher than ISA, the pressure altitude is 20,000 ft. How much will the
density altitude be?.
a. the same.
b. greater than 20,000ft.
c. less than 20,000ft.

ANSWER KEY
1.b 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.c 6.c 7.a 8.b
EXPLANATION
1. The lapse rate is approximately 2°C per 1000 feet (in the troposphere).
2. 15 degrees C is standard sea level temperature
3. Temperature lapse rate is constant up to 36000ft -2degrees per 1000ft.
4. Temperature lapse rate up to 36,000 feet (the tropopause) is approximately 2 degrees centigrade per 1000
feet. Above the tropopause it is constant.
5. ISA = 15°C temperature lapse rate is 2°C per 1000ft. Therefore 30000 = - 60 + 15 = 45
6. Speed of sound is affected by air temperature only.
7. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. Heat is a form of
energy exchange.
8. "Density Altitude is pressure altitude corrected for temperature and humidity. Assuming constant humidity (we
are told no different) ISA or above temperature will further thin the air for a given pressure altitude thus making
the density altitude higher. Note : At ISA Temp density and pressure altitude will be the same and for less than
ISA density altitude will be less- Got all that!!.”


TYPES OF DRAG
INDUCED DRAG
1. Induced drag is.
a. Nothing to do with speed.
b. Proportional to speed.
c. Inversely proportional to the square of speed.
2. Wing tip vortices create a type of drag known as.
a. Form drag.
b. Profile drag.
c. Induced drag.
3. Induced Drag is.
a. Greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip to root.
b. Greatest towards the wing tip and downwash is greatest towards the root.
c. Greatest towards the wing root and downwash is greatest at the tip.
4. Induced drag.
a. Is caused by skin friction.
b. Is associated with the drag generated by an aerofoil.
c. Results from disturbed airflow in the region of main plane. OR is associated with the lift generated
by an aerofoil.
5. Which of the following is incorrect about induced drag?.
a. It will increase inversely to the square of the airspeed.
b. It will decrease in proportion to the square of the airspeed.
c. It will increase when the angle of attack is reduced.
6. With an increase in aspect ratio for a given IAS, induced drag will.
a. Reduce.
b. Remain constant.
c. Increase.
7. For a given angle of attack, induced drag is.
a. Greater on a high aspect ratio wing.
b. Greater towards the wing root.
c. Greater on a low aspect ratio wing.
8. Induced drag.
a. Is equal to the profile drag at Vmd.
b. Is equal to the profile drag at the stalling speed.
c. Is never equal to the profile drag.

9. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the induced drag at a given speed.
a. Will increase.
b. Will decrease.
c. Will remain the same.
10. Induced drag can be reduced by the use of.
a. Streamlining.
b. High aspect ratio wings.
c. Fairings at junctions between fuselage and wings.
11. Which of the following types of drag increases as the aircraft gains altitude?.
a. Interference drag.
b. Parasite drag.
c. Induced drag.
12. For any given speed, a decrease in aircraft weight, the induced drag will.
a. Decrease.
b. Remain the same.
c. Increase.
13. When an aircraft experiences induced drag.
a. Air flows under the wing span wise towards the root and on top of the wing span wise towards the
tip.
b. Air flows under the wing span wise towards the tip and on top of the wing span wise towards the
root.
c. Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not cause span wise flow.
14. Induced drag is at root.
a. Lowest.
b. Greatest.
c. Neutral.
15. The induced drag of an aircraft.
a. Increases if aspect ratio is increased.
b. Decreases with increasing speed.
c. Increases with increasing speed.
16. For a given IAS an increase in altitude will result in.
a. An increase in induced drag.
b. No change in the value of induced drag.
c. An increase in profile drag.
17. With the ailerons away from the neutral, induced drag is.
a. Higher on the lower wing plus profile drag increases.
b. Unchanged but profile drag is higher.
c. Higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases.

ANSWER KEY
1.a 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.a

10.b 11.c 12.a 13.b 14.a 15.b 16.a 17.c
EXPLANATION
1. Induced drag is inversely proportional to the square of the speed - i.e. it reduces with the square of the
speed.
2. Induced drag is associated with wingtip vortices.
3. Induced drag is associated with wingtip vortices. The greater the vortices at the tip, the greater is the
induced drag.
4. Induced drag is often called 'lift dependant drag' because it increases with increasing lift (due to
increased AOA).
5. No
6. A long slender wing (high aspect ratio) has a low induced drag.
7. A low aspect ratio wing (short-stubby wing) has a greater induced drag.
8. Induced drag is equal to profile drag at Vmd.
9. If weight is increased, for a given speed the aircraft must fly at a greater angle of attack (CL). Induced
drag increases with increased AOA.
10. High aspect ratio wings have low induced drag (IE a glider wing).
11. As density decreases with altitude, the lift must be compensated by increasing angle of attack. Induced
drag increases with angle of attack, therefore induced drag increases with altitude.
12. Induced drag is 'lift dependant drag'. Less lift and there will be less induced drag.
13. Induced drag causes air to flow under the wing span wise towards the tip and on top of the wing span
wise towards the root.
14. NIL.
15. Induced drag decreases with increasing speed.
16. With a decrease in density the aircraft must fly with a greater angle of attack (CL) to compensate for the
loss of lift. Induced drag is dependent upon AOA, therefore induced drag increases with altitude.
17. Induced drag is 'lift dependant drag'. The upper wing has more lift and hence more induced drag. It also
has more profile drag due to the aileron's protrusion into the airflow.

PARASITE DRAG
1. Which of the following is true about parasite drag?
a. Parasite drag = profile drag + induced drag
b. Parasite drag = profile drag + interference drag
c. Parasite drag = interference drag + induced drag
2. Which of the following is true about Profile drag?.
a. Profile drag = Skin Drag + Form Drag.
b. Profile drag = skin drag + induced drag.
c. Profile drag = induced drag + Form drag.
3. Profile drag is _ to speed.
a. Neutral.
b. Inversely proportional.
c. Proportional.
4. With increased speed in level flight.
a. Profile drag increases.
b. Induced drag increases.
c. Profile drag remains constant.
5. As the speed of an aircraft increases, the profile drag.
a. Decreases at first then increase.
b. Increases.
c. Decreases.
6. Interference drag can be reduced by the use of.
a. Fairings at junctions between fuselage and wings.
b. High aspect ratio wings.
c. Streamlining.
7. What type of drag, depends on the smoothness of the body, and surface area over which the air flows?
a. Form drag.
b. Parasite drag.
c. Skin friction drag.
8. Streamlining will reduce.
a. Induced drag.
b. Skin friction drag.
c. Form drag.

ANSWER KEY
1.b 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.c 8.c
EXPLANATION
1. Parasite drag = profile drag + interference drag
2. Profile drag = Skin Drag + Form Drag.
3. NIL.
4. With increased speed in level flight, the profile drag increases and the induced drag decreases.
5. Profile drag increases with increasing speed.
6. Interference drag occurs as a result of turbulence at wing body joints.
7. Skin friction drag depends upon the smoothness of the body and the surface area.
8. Form drag is a function of shape.
TOTAL DRAG
1. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs.
a. When induced drag is least.
b. The stalling speed.
c. When profile drag equals induced drag.
2. The total drag of an aircraft.
a. Changes with speed.
b. Increases with speed.
c. Increases with the square of speed.
3. With an increase in aircraft weight.
a. Vmd will be at a higher speed.
b. Vmd will be at the same speed.
c. Vmd will be at a lower speed.
4. A high aspect ratio wing will give.
a. High profile and low induced drag.
b. Low profile and high induced drag.
c. Low profile and low induced drag.
5. Which statement is true?.
a. Both Induced drag and profile drag increase with the square of the airspeed.
b. Profile drag increases with the square of the airspeed.
c. Induced drag increases with the square of the airspeed.

ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b
EXPLANATION
1. Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. Vmd (minimum drag speed) is where they meet.
2. The graph of TOTAL drag against airspeed is 'U' shaped. c can be the only correct answer.
3. Sketch the drag curves (drag against speed). Induced drag decreases exponentially with speed. Profile
drag increases exponentially with speed. The induced drag is elevated with weight (since it is lift
dependant) and so cuts the profile drag further to the right (higher Vmd).
4. A high aspect ratio has a lower induced drag (due to less wing tip effect) and a higher frontal area
therefore greater profile drag.
5. Profile drag increases with the square of the airspeed but induced drag decreases with the square of the
airspeed.


AIRFOIL
1. A wing section suitable for high speed would be.

a. Thin with high camber.
b. Thick with high camber.
c. Thin with little or no camber.
2. To produce lift, an aerofoil must be.
a. Asymmetrical.
b. Symmetrical.
c. Either symmetrical or asymmetrical.
3. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing.
a. Increases in velocity and reduces in pressure.
b. Increases in velocity and pressure.
c. Reduces in velocity and increases in pressure.
4. Lift is dependent on.
a. The net area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the velocity.
b. The area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium, and the square of the velocity.
c. The frontal area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the velocity.
5. Aerofoil efficiency is defined by.
a. Lift over drag.
b. Lift over weight.
c. Drag over lift.
6. The camber of an aerofoil section is.
a. The angle which the aerofoil makes with the relative airflow.
b. The curvature of the median line of the aerofoil.
c. The angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing.
7. What produces the most lift at low speeds?
a. High camber.
b. Low aspect ratio.
c. High aspect ratio.
8. If the angle of attack is zero, but lift is produced, the.
a. Wing is symmetrical.
b. Wing is cambered.
c. wing has positive angle of incidence
9. For a cambered wing section the zero lift angle of attack will be.
a. 4 degrees.
b. Zero.
c. Negative.

10. The chord line of a wing is a line that runs from.
a. The centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge.
b. Half way between the upper and lower surface of the wing.
c. One wing tip to the other wing tip.
ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.c 3.a 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.c 8.b 9.c 10.a
EXPLANATION
1. A high speed wing is thin with little camber.
2. To produce lift, the aerofoil can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical.
3. Airflow flowing over the upper surface of an aerofoil increases in velocity and decreases in pressure.
4. See lift formula.
5. At plus 4degrees AOA the lift weight ratio is greatest. This is the optimum AOA therefore the wing is at
its most efficient when lift is greatest and drag is at a minimum.
6. Aerofoil camber is the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil.
7. NIL.
8. NIL.
9. A non symmetrical wing will produce some lift at zero degrees. Therefore it must have a negative angle
of attack to produce zero lift.
10. The chord line is a STRAIGHT line which goes from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing.
DOWNWASH& STAGNITION POINT
1. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will.

a. Have less angle of attack at the tip.
b. Have greater angle of attack at the tip.
c. Have the same angle of attack at all points along the span.
2. Induced downwash.
a. Reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing.
b. Increases the effective angle of attack of the wing.
c. Has no effect on the angle of attack of the wing.

3. What happens to the wingtip stagnation point as the AOA increases?
a. It moves down and under the leading edge.
b. It moves up and over the leading edge.
c. It remains unchanged.
4. The stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where.
a. The boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent.
b. The suction pressure reaches a maximum.
c. The airflow is brought completely to rest.
5. The stagnation point is.
a. Static pressure minus dynamic pressure.
b. Dynamic pressure only.
c. Static pressure plus dynamic pressure.
ANSWER KEY
1.a 2.a 3.a 4.c 5.c
EXPLANATION
1. Due to wingtip vortices, there is more downwash at the tip, and therefore there is less angle of attack at
the tip.
2. Induced downwash reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing.
3. It moves down and under the leading edge.
4. The stagnation point on the aerofoil is the point where the airflow is brought completely to rest on the
leading edge.
5. At stagnation, the pressure is total (static plus dynamic).
SPANWISE FLOW& WASHOUT
1. The span wise component of the airflow is.

a. Greater at higher speeds.
b. Unaffected by speed.
c. Less at higher speeds.
2. A wing fence.
a. Acts as a lift dumping device.
b. Reduces span wise flow on a swept wing thus reducing induced drag.
c. Increases lateral control.

3. What does the term 'wing washout' mean?.
a. The design of the wing that gives the wing tip a lower angle of incidence.
b. The design of the wing that gives the wing tip a much greater angle of incidence.
c. The airflow moves toward the end of the wing.
4. Airflow over the upper surface of the wing generally.
a. Flows towards the tip.
b. Flows towards the root.
c. Flows straight from leading edge to trailing edge.
5. Vapour trails from the wingtips of an aircraft in flight are caused by.
a. Low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing vortices.
b. Low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing a temperature rise.
c. High pressure above the wing and low pressure below the wing causing vortices.
ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.a
EXPLANATION
1. The tip vortices are less at high speed (due to lower AOA at high speed). The tip vortices cause the span
wise flow.
2. A wing fence reduces span wise flow. Wing is twisted such that incidence is lower at the tip.
3. See definition.
4. Due to wing tip vortices there is a general flow of air from tip to root on the top surface, and root to tip
on the lower surface.
5. Vapour trails are caused by wing tip vortices which are caused by low pressure above the wing and high
pressure below the wing.


ANGLE OF ATTACK & ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

1. The angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow is known as.
a. Angle of attack.
b. Resultant.
c. Angle of incidence.
2. Angle of attack is known as optimum angle of attack.
a. 5 to 7 degrees.
b. 3 to 4 degrees.
c. 10 to 12 degrees.
3. The stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the.
a. Transition speed.
b. Airspeed.
c. Angle of attack.
4. As the angle of attack is increased (up to the stall point), which of the following is correct?.
a. Pressure difference between top and bottom of the wing increases.
b. Lift increases.
c. Both a) and b) are correct.
5. As the angle of attack of a wing is increased in level flight.
a. The C of G moves aft and the CofP forward.
b. The CofP and transition point move forward.
c. the CofP moves forward and the stagnation point aft over the upper surface
6. The optimum angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle at which.
a. The aerofoil produces maximum lift.
b. The aerofoil produces zero lift.
c. The highest lift/drag ratio is produced.
7. What is the angle between the chord line of the wing, and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, known as?
a. Angle of dihedral.
b. Angle of attack.
c. Angle of incidence.
8. As a general rule, if the aerodynamic angle of incidence (angle of attack) of an aerofoil is slightly increased, the
centre of pressure will.
a. Move towards the tip.
b. Move forward towards the leading edge.
c. Never move.
9. The 'wing setting angle' is commonly known as.
a. Angle of dihedral.
b. Angle of incidence.
c. Angle of attack.

10. When does the angle of incidence change?.

a. It never changes.
b. When the aircraft attitude changes.
c. When the aircraft is ascending or descending.
11. The angle of incidence of a wing is an angle formed by lines.
a. Parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis.
b. Parallel to the chord line and the vertical axis.
c. Parallel to the chord line and the lateral axis.
12. The rigging angle of incidence of an elevator is.
a. The angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the longitudinal
datum.
b. The angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the horizontal in the rigging position.
c. The angle between the mean chord line and the horizontal in the rigging position.
13. What is the definition of Angle of Incidence?.
a. The angle the underside of the mainplane or tail plane makes with the horizontal.
b. The angle the underside of the mainplane or tail plane makes with the longitudinal datum line.
c. The angle the chord of the mainplane or tail plane makes with the horizontal.
14. "A decrease in incidence toward the wing tip may be provided to."
a. Prevent adverse yaw in a turn.
b. Retain lateral control effectiveness at high angles of attack.
c. Prevent span wise flow in maneuvers.
ANSWER KEY
1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.c 6.c 7.c 8.b 9.b 10.a
11.a 12.c 13.c 14.b
EXPLANATION
1. Angle of Attack is the angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow.
2. NIL.
3. The stall position of an aerofoil is determined by its angle of attack only.
4. As the angle of attack is increased the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing is
increased. This causes the lift to increase.
5. As AOA increases in level flight, CofP moves forward and the Transition Point (the point at which the laminar
flow breaks away and forms into turbulent flow) also moves forward.

6. The highest lift/drag ratio is produced. The optimum angle of attack is the angle at which the highest lift/drag
ratio is produced.
7. Angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
8. As the angle of attack increases the centre of pressure moves towards the leading edge.
9. The wing setting angle is commonly known as the 'angle of incidence'.
10. The angle of incidence is the angle at which the wing is 'set' into the fuselage. It never changes.
11. The angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis.
12. The angle of incidence of any surface is measured from the mean chord line.
13. Angle of incidence is the 'wing setting angle'. That is the angle of the chord of the mainplane or tail plane with the
horizontal - or aircraft centre line when in the rigging position.
14. A decrease in incidence towards the wingtip (known as washout) causes the wing root to stall before the wing tip.
So, even after the wing roots have stalled, the wing tips are still flying and full aileron control is provided.

DGCA Module 08 Question Paper – August 2017
1. When the controls are incorporated ------------ will be activated

a. Stick shaker
b. Stick pusher
c. Both
2. Density is defined as
a. Weight / Volume
b. Volume / mass
c. Mass / Volume
3. With greater aspect ratio ------------ will be reduced
a. Profile drag
b. Induced drag
c. Both a and b
4. Induced drag is not taken into consideration in
a. High speed
b. Medium speed
c. Low speed
5. ISA sea level temperature is
a. 15⁰ C b. 45⁰ C c. 18⁰ C
6. Rudder provides
a. Directional stability
b. Lateral stability
7. For equilibrium level flight
a. L = W
b. T = D
c. Both a and b
8. An Ideal airfoil has
a. High maximum lift coefficient
b. Good lift/drag ratio
c. Both a and b
9. During flat turn
a. Yawing only
b. Rolling & Yawing
c. Rolling
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10. Mean sea level pressure

a. 1013.3 mb
b. 101.325 KN/m2
c. Both a and b
11. Propeller convert------------- into -----------
a. Thrust, torque
b. Torque, thrust
c. Thrust, power
a. 288K
b. 273K
c. 173K
13. Longitudinal stability depends upon
a. Tail plane
b. Area of the tail plane
c. As in (a) & (b) + distance from C.G
14. In straight and level flight we must prevent aircraft from
a. Climbing
b. Rotating
c. Diving
15. Efficiency of airfoil is
a. Lift over drag
b. Drag over lift
c. Weight over thrust
16. Rate of climb with respect to altitude
a. ROC increases with increase in altitude
b. ROC decreases with increase in altitude
17. In a steady flight, If one wing goes down & comes back to the stable position is called
a. Off – track
b. Rotating
c. Turning
18. Stick fixed condition
c. Both a and b

19. The property of air which makes all flight possible

a. Viscosity
b. Pressure
c. Density
20. The airplane may travel left or right along lateral axis, such motion is called
a. Skidding
b. Side slipping
c. Both (a) & (b)
21. Velocity of sound
a. 340 m/s
b. 650 m/s
c. 600 m/s
22. The point at which laminar boundary layer is turns into turbulent layer is
a. Transition point
b. Separation point
c. Critical point
23. The drag which varies inversely with airspeed
a. Parasite drag
b. Induced drag
c. Wave drag
24. Aileron gives --------- control
a. Roll
b. Yaw
c. Pitch
25. If centre of gravity of aircraft is forward of centre of pressure than nose of aircraft will
a. Drop
b. Rise
c. It depends on distance between CP and CG
26. The Newton’s law of mechanism that is applicable to air
a. 1st law & 2nd law
b. 1st law & 2nd law
c. 1st law & 2nd law & 3rd law
27. The point on a wing surface where boundary layer starts
a. Trailing edge
b. Leading edge
c. Transition point

28. Induced drag varies

a. Inversely with square of speed
b. Inversely with speed
c. Directly with square of speed
29. Mark the correct statement
a. Centre of pressure is the point on chord of wings from where drag force acts
b. Centre of pressure is the point on chord of wings from where lift force acts
c. Centre of pressure is the point on chord of wings from where weight force acts
30. The most important consideration in determining longitudinal stability is
a. Position of CG
b. Area of stabilizer
c. Longitudinal dihedral
ANSWER KEY
1.a 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.a 6.a 7.c 8.c 9.a 10.c 11.b 12.a 13.c 14.b
15.a 16.b 17.b 18.a 19.c 20.c 21.a 22.a 23.b 24.a 25.a 26.c 27.b 28.a
29.b 30.a


LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE
1. At what altitude is the tropopause?.
a. 36,000 ft.
b. 57,000 ft.
c. 63,000 ft.
2. What approximate percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere?.
a. 12%.
b. 21%.
c. 78%.
3. With an increase in altitude under I.S.A. conditions the temperature in the troposphere.
a. Remains constant.
b. Decreases.
c. Increases.
4. The atmospheric zone where the temperature remains fairly constant is called the.
a. Stratosphere.
b. Ionosphere.
c. Troposphere.
5. In the ISA the height of the tropopause is.
a. 11,000 feet.
b. 11,000 meters.
c. 36,000 meters.
6. The temperature lapse rate below the tropopause is.
a. 1°C per 1000 ft.
b. 2°C per 1000 ft.
c. 3°C per 1000 ft.
7. In the ISA the temperature lapse rate with altitude is taken to be dependent on
a. Pressure and density changes.
b. Linear.
c. Non linear.
8. Put in sequence from the ground up.
a. Tropopause, stratosphere, troposphere.
b. Tropopause, troposphere, stratosphere.
c. Troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere.
9. At what altitude does stratosphere commence approximately?.
a. Sea level.
b. 36,000 ft.
c. 63,000 ft.

10. Above 65,800 ft temperature.

a. Decreases by 1.98°C up to 115,000 ft.
b. Remains constant up to 115,000 ft.
c. Increases by 0.303°C up to 115,000 ft.
ANSWER KEY
1.a 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.b 8.c 9.b 10.c
EXPLANATION
1. The tropopause is 36,000 ft. Above the tropopause is the stratosphere.

2. 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% other gases.
3. Temperature reduces at a lapse rate of 1.98 degrees Celsius per thousand feet from sea level to about
36000ft (the tropopause).
4. The stratosphere starts at 36,000ft and rises to about 66,000ft.
5. 11,000 meters or 36,000 feet approximately.
6. 1.98°C per 1000 ft to be exact.
7. NILL
8. NILL
9. The stratosphere is above 36,000 ft.
10. 65,800ft is the upper stratosphere boundary. Temperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere.


DGCA Module 08 Question Paper – May 2018

a. 15⁰ C b. 45⁰ C c. 18⁰ C
2. Density is
a. Weight / Volume
b. Volume / mass c. Mass / Volume
3. which does not depend on density of air for its operation
a. Rocket b. Kite c. Parachute
4. If aspect ratio is higher than, induced drag is
a. More than 40%
b. More than 75% c. Infinity
5. MTCS-about stability
a. Stability characteristics about all axis are different
b. Stability around lateral axis is different from stability around roll and yaw axis
c. Stability around all axis are same
6. Distance travelled by aircraft per unit fuel is
a. Air specific range
b. Specific fuel consumption c. None
7. Law applicable for equilibrium flight is
a. Newton 1st law
b. Newton 2nd law c. Newton 3rd law
8. According to ISA at sea level , temperature, pressure and density is
a. 2730C ; 1.1013mb; 1.225kg/m2
b. 2730C ; 101.3N/m2; 1.225kg/m2
c. 2730C ; 1.013*10^5 N/m2 ; 1.225kg/m3
9. Density at sea level
a. 1.225 kg
b. 1.025 bar
c. 1.225 kg / m3
10. Elevator control
a. Pitch
b. b. Directional
c. c. Roll
11. When an aircraft is in damping oscillation at a period of time
a. Dynamic instability
b. Static stability
c. Static negative stability
12. Amount of water vapour present in air
a. Absolute humidity
b. Relative humidity
c. Dew point
13. Longitudinal instability is due to the

a. Pitching movement on main plane
b. Rolling movement on wings
c. Yawing movement on tail plane
14. As AOA increases
a. C of P moves forward
b. C of P moves rearwards
c. Remains constant
15. Lift of an aircraft produced more due to
a. increase in pressure on the upper surface
b. Increase in pressure on lower surface.
c. Decrease pressure on lower surface
16. Stick free condition
c. Both a and b
17. Induced drag is
a. Inversely proportional to the square of speed
b. Directly proportional to square of speed
c. Inversely proportional to airspeed
18. IAS includes
a. Pressure only
b. Temperature and density
c. Pressure, temperature and density
19. The weight of an aircraft is acting at which point
a. C of G
b. C of P
c. Aerodynamic centre
20. Lateral stability about which axis
a. Lateral axis
b. Directional axis
c. Longitudinal axis
21. At high speed induced drag is
a. 10% less than total drag
b. 50% more than total drag
c. 10% more than total drag
22. Lateral stability is maintained by
a. sweep back angle
b. Angle of incidence
c. Angle of attack

23. During climb which of the following curve should be consider ?

a. V-N curve
b. Performance curve
c. Only a
24. Longitudinal stability is affected by
a. Wing
b. Fuselage
c. Hull
25. Co-efficient of viscosity
a. Density upon viscous stress
b. Viscous stress upon viscosity gradient
c. Viscous stress upon velocity gradient
26. What is the mean sea level pressure
a. 1013mb
b. 101.3 KN/m2
c. Both a and b
27. Speed of sound at sea level
a. 340 m/s
b. 350 m/s
c. 320 m/s
28. In steeper turn rudder position is taken by
a. Elevator
b. Rudder
c. Aileron
29. The portion of the atmosphere below the height at which the change occurs
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Mesosphere
30. If Cp of an aircraft is behind Cg ,what happened to the nose
a. Drops
b. Pitch up
c. Remains same
31. During climbing
a. Lift is greater than weight
b. Lift is less than weight
c. Lift is equal to weight
32. Efficiency of an aerofoil is given by
a. Lift over drag
b. Lift over weight
c. Drag over lift

33. stability about lateral axis is

b. Directional stability
34. During flat turn
a. Yaw only
b. Yaw and roll
c. Roll only
35. Lateral stability can be reduced by
a. Swept back angle
b. Anhedral angle
c. Dihedral angle
36. Angle between main plane and tail plane is known as
a. Longitudinal Dihedral angle
b. Angle of bank
c. Angle of attack
37. During takeoff preferably aircraft will go
a. Against the wind
b. Along with wind
38. High thickness of the airfoil at the leading edge, what happens to the stall characteristics
a. Low
b. Good
c. Excellent
39. Reynolds number
a. Is applicable to supersonic aircrafts
b. Is applicable to continuous flow
c. Both a and b
40. Centre of drag is
a. Aircraft speed
b. Actual position depends on the relative resistance of different parts of airplane
41. Movement of centre of pressure is affected by
a. Centre of gravity
b. Angle of attack
c. Centre of drag
42. During climbing turn aircraft rolls
a. Inwards
b. Outwards
c. No change

43. At steady level flight lift is equal to

a. Thrust
b. Drag
c. Weight
44. Higher Reynolds number
a. Supersonic -turbojet engine
b. Subsonic –aircrafts
45. Which is the layer of air when air flows smoothly over each other
a. Laminar
b. Turbulent
c. Transition
46. During equilibrium flight operation stability depends on
a. Magnitude of force applied
b. Length from the C.G
c. Both a and b
47. Angle of airfoil is slightly negative will it generate lift
a. Do not generate lift
b. May be generate lift
c. Lift will not generate
48. Angle of bank turn is independent of
a. Lift
b. Weight
c. Drag
49. The stability which is very rarely achieved in practice
50. The amount of air in the atmosphere apply----------at the top surface
a. Force
b. Weight
c. Pressure
51. Performance of flight is affected by
a. Pressure
b. Density
c. Temperature
52. During climbing turn lift on a inner wing is
a. More
b. Less
c. Same

53. Which of the following law applies to the air

a. Newton’s 1st & 2nd law
b. Newton’s 1st , 2nd & 3nd law
c. Newton’s 1st law
54. Ideal airfoil
a. High maximum lift coefficient
b. Good lift/drag ratio
c. Both a and b
55. The stability of an aircraft considered during design of the aircraft
b. Inherent stability
ANSWER KEY
1. a 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.a 7.a 8.c 9.c 10.a 11.a 12.a 13.a
14. a 15.b 16.b 17.a 18.c 19.a 20.c 21.a 22.a 23.b 24.c 25.c 26.a
27.a 28.a 29.a 30.a 31.b 32.a 33.c 34.a 35.b 36.a 37.a 38.a 39.b
40.b 41.b 42.b 43.c 44.a 45.a 46.c 47.b 48.b 49.c 50.b 51.b 52.b
53.b 54.c 55.b


BERONAULLIS PRINCIPLE
1. Bernoulli's equation shows that.

a. At constant velocity the total energy of the air changes with a changein height.
b. With a change in speed at constant height both kinetic and potentialenergies change.
c. With a change in velocity at constant height the static pressure willchange.
2. For a given aerofoil production lift, whereP = pressure and V= velocity.
a. P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is less than V2.
b. P1 is less than P2, and V2 is greater than V1.
c. P1 is less than P2 and V1 is greater thanV2.
ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.c
EXPLANATION
1. Bernoulli's theorem states that if velocity increases, the staticpressure decreases, and viceversa.
2. Bernoulli's principleapplies.
NEWTON’S LAW
1. The concept of thrust is explained by.

a. Bernoulli’stheorem.
b. Newton’s 3rd law.
c. Newton’s 1stlaw.
2. The steady level flight is explained by
a. Newton’s 3rd law.
b. Newton’s 2nd law.
c. Newton’s 1st law.
3. The amount of thrust produced by a jet engine or a propeller can be calculatedusing.
a. Newton’s 3rd law.
b. Newton’s 2nd law.
c. Newton’s 1st law.
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ANSWER KEY
1.b 2.c 3.b
EXPLANATION
1. Newton's Third Law states “Every action has an equal andopposite reaction”.
2. Newton’s first law states “An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant
velocity unless acted on by a net external force (Law of Inertia)”.
3. Newton's second law is Force = Mass xAcceleration.
LIFT
1. The upper part of the wing in comparison to the lower.
a. Develops less lift.
b. Develops the same lift.
c. Develops morelift.
2. A decrease in pressure over the upper surface of a wingor aerofoil is responsiblefor.
a. Approximately 2/3 (two thirds) of the lift obtained.
b. Approximately 1/2 (one half) of the lift obtained.
c. Approximately 1/3 (one third) of the liftobtained.
3. The amount of lift generated by a wingis.
a. Greatest at the tip.
b. Constant along the span.
c. Greatest at the root.
4. Which of the following istrue?.
a. Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down.
b. Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down.
c. Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right anglesto the aircraft centreline.
5. Lift on a delta wingaircraft.
a. Increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack).
b. Does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle ofattack).
c. Decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle ofattack).
6. If the density of the air is increased, the liftwill.
a. Remain the same.
b. Increase.
c. Decrease.

7. All the factors that affect the lift produced by an aerofoil are.
a. Angle of attack, velocity, wing area, aerofoil shape, airdensity.
b. Angle of attack, air temperature, velocity, wingarea.
c. Angle of attack, air density, velocity, wingarea.
8. An airplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively.
a. Positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the wing'ssurface.
b. Negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the wing'ssurface.
c. Positive air pressure below and above the wing'ssurface.
9. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil passes through the air increases liftbecause.
a. The increased speed of the airflow creates a greater pressure differentialbetween the upper and
lowersurfaces.
b. The increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser pressure differential between the upper and
lowersurfaces.
c. The increased velocity of the relative wind increases the angle ofattack.
10. An aircraft flying in 'ground effect' willproduce.
a. The same lift as a similar aircraft outside of groundeffect.
b. Less lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect.
c. More lift than a similar aircraft outside of groundeffect.
11. A wing develops 10,000 N of lift at 100 knots. Assuming the wing remains at the same angle of attack and
remains at the same altitude, how much lift willit develop at 300knots?
a. 30,000 N.
b. 900,000N.
c. 90,000 N.
12. With all conditions remaining the same, if the aircraft speedis halved, by what factor is the liftreduced?.
a. Half.
b. By a factor of 4.
c. Remains thesame.
13. Under what conditions will an aircraft createbest lift?
a. Hot damp day at 1200 ft.
b. Cold dry day at 200ft.
c. Cold wet day at 1200ft.
14. The lift on a wing is increased with.
a. An increase intemperature.
b. An increase in pressure.
c. An increase inhumidity.
15. Lift is generated by a wing.
a. Mostly on the bottomsurface.
b. Mostly on the topsurface.
c. Equally on the top and bottom surfaces.

ANSWER KEY
1.c 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.a 6.b 7.a 8.a 9.a 10.c 11.c
12.b 13.b 14.b 15.b
EXPLANATION
1. Look at the lift distribution diagram of an aerofoil and see howapproximately 2/3rds of the lift is derived from
the topsurface.
2. Look at a diagram of the lift distributions on the top and bottom surfaces ofa wing. 2/3rds of the lift is provided
by the topsurface.
3. See a diagram of the lift distribution of the wing (viewed from the front)and you will see it is parabolic. The wing
tip vortices decrease the lift at thetips.
4. Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight actsvertically down.
5. This question is much easier than it looks at first read. All wing types(straight, swept, delta etc.) increase lift with
an increase in angle of attack (up to thestall angle).
6. See the formula for lift. Lift is directly proportional to airdensity.
7. Lift formula is CL (includes aerofoil shape and angle of attack) * 1/2 *air density * velocitysquared.
8. The wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively positiveair pressure below the wing surface and
negative air pressure above the wingsurface.
9. Increasing the speed of an aerofoil increases the pressure differentialbetween the upper and lowersurface.
10. An aircraft flying in ground effect will have more lift than an aircraft notflying in ground effect (which is why
seagulls glide close to the watersurface).
11. See the formula for lift. Velocity is squared, so if you triple the velocity, thelift is 9times.
12. Lift is proportional to the square of aircraftspeed.
13. Cold dry air at low altitude provides maximum air density hence best lift.
14. Lift depends on density. Increases in humidity and temperature reducedensity. Increase in pressure
increasesdensity.
15. 2/3 of lift is produced by the top surface. Lift is dependenton.The area of the wing, the density of the fluid
medium and the square of the velocity. The net area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the
velocity. The frontal area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the velocity. Lift = Lift Coefficient x
1/2 x density x velocity2 x wing area (Liftformula).


ASPECT RATIO
1. Aspect ratio is given by the formula.
a. Mean Chord / Span.
b. Span2 / Area.
c. Span2 / Mean Chord.
2. A High Aspect Ratio wing is a wing with.
a. Short span, long chord.
b. Long span, long chord.
c. Long span, short chord.
3. Given 2 wings, the first with a span of 12m and a chord of 2m .The second has a span of 6m and a chord
of 1m. How do their Aspect Ratios compare?.
a. The first is higher.
b. They are the same.
c. The second is higher.
4. An aspect ratio of 8 means.
a. The mean chord is 8 times the span.
b. The span is 8 times the mean chord.
c. The area is 8 times the span.
5. A high aspect ratio wing.
a. Has a higher stall angle than a low aspect ratio wing.
b. Is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing.
c. Has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing
6. An aircraft wing with an aspect ratio of 6: 1 is proportional so that.
a. The wing area is six times the span.
b. The mean chord is six times the thickness.
c. The wing span is six times the mean chord.
7. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the.
a. Wingspan to the mean chord.
b. Wingspan to the wing root.

c. Square of the chord to the wingspan.
8. An aspect ratio of 8: 1 would mean.
a. Span 64, mean chord 8.
b. Mean chord 64, span 8.
c. Span squared 64, chord 8.
9. On a swept wing aircraft, the fineness ratio of an aerofoil is.
a. Highest at the root.
b. Equal throughout the span.
c. Highest at the tip.
10. The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as.
a. Fineness ratio.
b. Mean chord ratio.
c. Aspect ratio.
11. The lift curve for a delta wing is.
a. More than that of a high aspect ratio wing.
b. less than that of a high aspect ratio wing.
c. the same as that of a high aspect ratio wing.
ANSWER KEY
1.b 2.c 3.b 4.b 5.c 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.c 10.a 11.b
EXPLANATION
1. Aspect Ratio is span/mean chord. Multiply top and bottom by span and you get span2/area.
2. Aspect ratio is the ratio of span to chord.
3. Aspect ratio = Span/Chord.
4. An Aspect Ratio of 8 means the span is 8 times the chord.
5. A long slender wing (high aspect ratio) has less induced drag than a short stubby wing.
6. If aspect ratio is 6 : 1 the wing span is 6 times the mean chord.
7. Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the wing span to mean chord.
8. Aspect Ratio is the ratio of the span to the chord.
9. Fineness ratio (chord/thickness) is greatest at the tip. Fineness ratio is the inverse of thickness/chord
ratio. Some textbooks differ on the definition of 'fineness ratio' but most state FR = chord/thickness.
Quote A&P Mechanics Airframe Handbook Page 32 'If a wing has a high fineness ratio, it is a very thin
wing. A thick wing has low fineness ratio'.
10. The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as the fineness ratio. (Technically, thickness/chord
ratio = 1/fineness ratio).
11. A delta wing produces less lift for any given angle of attack than any other type of wing.
WEIGHT & WING LOADING
1. Weight is equal to.

a. Mass * acceleration.
b. Mass * gravity.
c. Volume * gravity.
2. What is the force that tends to pull an aircraft down towards the earth?
a. Thrust.
b. Weight.
c. Drag.
3. If the wing loading of an aircraft were reduced the stalling speed would.
a. Increase.
b. Not be affected.
c. Decrease.
4. Wing loading is.
a. The maximum all up weight multiplied by the total wing area.
b. The maximum all up weight divided by the total wing area.
c. The ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic weight.

5. Low wing loading.

a. Increases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run.
b. Increases lift, stalling speed and maneuverability.
c. decreases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run
ANSWER KEY
1.b 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.c
EXPLANATION
1. Weight = mass * gravity in straight and level flight. In a maneuver, additional accelerations are present,
which are sometimes considered to increase weight. The question can therefore be answered in two
ways.
2. Weight tends to pull the aircraft down towards the earth.
3. An increase in wing loading increases the stall speed. And vice versa.
4. Wing Loading is weight divided by wing area. Measured in Newton’s per Square Metre.
5. Wing loading is aircraft weight divided by wing area, therefore an aircraft with a low wing loading will
require less landing speed, less landing run and have a decreased stalling speed.

BOUNDARY LAYER
1. What is Boundary Layer?

a. Separated layer of air forming a boundary at the leading edge.
b. Sluggish low energy air that sticks to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it joins the free stream
flow of air.
c. Turbulent air moving from the leading edge to trailing edge.
2. The boundary layer is.
a. Thickest at the leading edge.
b. Thickest at the trailing edge.
c. Constant thickness from leading to trailing edges.
3. As Mach number increases, what is the effect on boundary layer?
a. Becomes more turbulent.
b. Decreases in thickness.
c. Becomes less turbulent.
4. A laminar boundary layer will produce.
a. More skin friction drag than a turbulent one.
b. The same skin friction drag as a turbulent one.
c. Less skin friction drag than a turbulent one.
5. The transition point on a wing is the point where.
a. The boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent.
b. The flow divides to pass above and below the wing.
c. The flow separates from the wing surface.
6. The boundary layer of a body in a moving airstream is.
a. A layer of separated flow where the air is turbulent.
b. A layer of air
c. A thin layer of air over the surface where the air is stationary.
7. The layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving, in relation to the rest of the airflow, is
known as.
a. Camber layer.
b. Boundary layer.
c. None of the above.
8. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction?
a. Countersunk rivets used on skin exterior.
b. Aspect ratio.
c. Fineness ratio.

ANSWER KEY
1.b 2.b 3.a 4.c 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.a
EXPLANATION
1. The boundary layer is the layer of air immediately in contact with the aircraft skin which is slowed down by the
skin friction.
2. The boundary layer is thickest at the trailing edge.
3. As speed increases (speed here is measured in Mach) the transition point moves forward, hence turbulent
boundary layer increases.
4. Skin friction drag is greater in a turbulent boundary layer than in a laminar boundary layer.
5. The transition point is a point on the surface of the wing where the boundary layer changes from laminar to
turbulent.
6. The boundary layer is a thin layer of slowed air in contact with the surface of the skin which is slowed by friction.
Speed ranging from stationary to free stream speed.
7. The boundary layer is the layer of air in immediate contact with the skin of the aircraft which is slowed down by
skin friction.
8. Countersunk rivets increase skin friction and turbulence.


WWW.DGCAQUESTIONPAPERS.IN - DGCA CAR -66 MODULE 8 QP
Module Eight
1. On a swept wing aircraft if both wing tip sections lose lift simultaneously the aircraft will
a) roll
# b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down
2. Lift on a delta wing aircraft

# a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
3. on a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

# a) root on a high thickness ratio wing
b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
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c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing
4. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
# b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
5. for the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing

a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
# b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
6. The ISA?
a) is taken from the equator
# b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day
7. at higher altitudes as altitude increases, pressure

a) decreases at constant rate
b) increases exponentially
# c) decreases exponentially
8. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What direction of force is required
to be produced by the tail of the aircraft to maintain straight and level flight
# a) upwards
b) downwards
c) sideways
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Page 1 - Mod 8
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9. When the pressure is half of that at sea level, what is the altitude?
a) 12,000 ft
b) 8,000 ft
# c) 18,000 ft
10. during a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
# c) remains the same
11. If gauge pressure on a standard day at sea level is 25 PSI, the absolute pressure is
a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
# c) 39.7 PSI
12. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of the centre of pressure
# c) consumption of fuel and oils
13. The C of P is the point where

a) all the forces on an aircraft act
b) the three axis of rotation meet
# c) the lift can be said to act
14. The three axis of an aircraft act through the

# a) C of G
b) C of P
c) stagnation point
15. Pressure decreases

# a) proportionally with a decreases in temperature
b) inversely proportional to temperature
c) Pressure and temperature are not related
16. As air gets colder, the service ceiling of an aircraft

a) reduces
# b) increases
c) remains the same
17. What is sea level pressure?

# a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb
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Page 2 - Mod 8
18. When the weight of an aircraft increases, the minimum drag speed
a) decreases
# b) increases
c) remains the same
19. An aircraft will have

a) less gliding distance if it has more payload
b) more gliding distance if it has more payload
# c) the same gliding distance if it has more payload
20. When an aircraft experiences induced drag

# a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise
towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on top of the wing spanwise
towards the tip

c) Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not caused by spanwise flow
21. At stall, the wingtip stagnation point

# a) moves toward the lower surface of the wing
b) moves toward the upper surface of the wing
c) doesn’t move
22. How does IAS at the point of stall vary with height?
# a) It is practically constant
b) It increases
c) It decreases
23. The rigging angle of incidence of an elevator is

# a) the angle between the mean chord line and the horizontal in the rigging position
b) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the horizontal in the rigging
position
c) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and the longitudinal datum
24. What is the lapse rate with regard to temperature?

# a) 1.98oC per 1000 ft
b) 1.98oF per 1000 ft
c) 4oC per 1000 ft
25. What happens to load factor as you decrease turn radius?

# a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains constant
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26. If you steepen the angle of a banked turn without increasing airspeed or angle of attack,
what will the aircraft do?
a) It will remain at the same height
# b) It will sideslip with attendant loss of height
c) It will stall
27. An aircraft wing tends to stall first at

a) the tip due to a higher ratio thickness/chord
b) the tip due to a lower ratio thickness/chord
# c) the root due to a higher ratio thickness/chord
28. Dihedral wings combat instability in

a) pitch
b) yaw
# c) sideslip
29. To stop aircraft decreasing in height during a sideslip, the pilot can
# a) advance the throttle
b) pull back on the control column
c) adjust the rudder position
30. What control surface movements will make an aircraft fitted with ruddervators yaw to the
left?
# a) Left ruddervator lowered, right ruddervator raised
b) Right ruddervator lowered, left ruddervator raised
c) Both ruddervators raised
31. When a leading edge slat opens, there is a gap between the slat and the wing. This is
a) to allow it to retract back into the wing
# b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same
32. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
# b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right angles to the
aircraft centre line
33. If the wing tips stall before the root on a swept wing aircraft, the aircraft will
a) roll
# b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down
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Page 4 - Mod 8
34. Lift on a delta wing aircraft

# a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attack)
35. On a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

# a) root on a high thickness ratio wing
b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing
36. On a high wing aircraft in a turn

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
# b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
37. For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing
a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing

# b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
38. Standard sea level temperature is

a) 0 degrees Celsius
# b) 15 degrees Celsius
c) 20 degrees Celsius
39. As altitude increases, pressure

a) decreases at constant rate
b) increases exponentially
# c) decreases exponentially
40. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What direction of force is
required to be produced by the tail of the aircraft to maintain straight and level flight?
# a) Upwards
b) Downwards
c) Sideways
41. Lapse rate usually refers to

a) Pressure
b) Density
# c) Temperature
42. During a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
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Page 5 - Mod 8
43. The vertical fin of a single engined aircraft is

# a) parallel with both the longitudinal axis and vertical axis
b) parallel with the longitudinal axis but not the vertical axis
c) parallel with the vertical axis but not the longitudinal axis
44. Aircraft flying in the transonic range most often utilize

# a) sweptback wings
b) advanced supercritical airfoils
c) high wings
45. Which type of flap changes the area of the wing?

# a) Fowler
b) Split
c) Slotted
46. Forward swept wings tend to stall at the root first so the aircraft retains lateral control, so
why are they never used on passenger aircraft?

a) Because the wing tips wash in at high wing loads
b) Because the wing tips wash out at high wing loads
# c) Because at high loads their angle of incidence increases and the loads imposed on the
wing can increase until they destroy it
47. What happens to air flowing at the speed of sound when it enters a converging duct?
# a) Velocity decreases, pressure and density increase
b) Velocity increases, pressure and density decreases
c) Velocity, pressure and density increase
48. As the angle of attack of an airfoil increases the centre of pressure

# a) moves forward
b) moves aft
c) remains stationary
49. An aircraft, which is longitudinally stable, will tend to return to level flight after a
movement about which axis?
# a) Pitch
b) Roll
c) Yaw
50. Vapour trails from the wingtips of an aircraft in flight are caused by
# a) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing vortices
b) high pressure above the wing and low pressure below the wing causing vortices
c) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing causing a temperature
rise
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Page 6 - Mod 8
51. Vortex generators on the wing are most effective at

a) high speed
b) low speed
# c) high angles of attack
52. The chord line of a wing is a line that runs from

# a) the centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge
b) half way between the upper and lower surface of the wing
c) one wing tip to the other wing tip
53. The angle of incidence of a wing is an angle formed by lines

# a) parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis
b) parallel to the chord line and the lateral axis
c) parallel to the chord line and the vertical axis
54. The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is located

# a) 30 - 40% of the chord line back from the leading edge

b) 30 - 40% of the chord line forward of the leading edge
c) 50% of the chord line back from the leading edge
55. Compressibility effect is

a) drag associated with the form of an aircraft
b) drag associated with the friction of the air over the surface of the aircraft
# c) the increase in total drag of an airfoil in transonic flight due to the formation of shock
waves
56. Lateral control of an aircraft at high angle of attack can be maximized by using
a) fences
# b) vortex generators
c) wing slots
57. Stall strips are always

a) made of metal
# b) on the leading edge of a wing
c) fitted forward of the ailerons
58. Stall strips

# a) cause the wing root to stall
b) cause the wing tip to stall
c) cause the wings to stall symmetrically
59. Due to the interference of the airflow on a high wing aircraft between the fuselage and the
wings, the lateral stability of the aircraft in a gusty wind situation will cause
a) the upper wing to increase its lift
# b) the upper wing to decrease its lift
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c) the lower wing to decrease its lift

Page 7 - Mod 8
60. Slats
# a) reduce the stall speed
b) reduce the tendency of the aircraft to Yaw
c) decrease the aerofoil drag at high speeds
61. A high aspect ratio wing will give

a) high profile and low induced drag
b) low profile and high induced drag
# c) low profile and low induced drag
62. Aerofoil efficiency is defined by

# a) lift over drag
b) drag over lift
c) lift over weight
63. An aircraft banks into a turn. No change is made to the airspeed or angle of attack. What
will happen?
# a) The aircraft enters a side slip and begins to lose altitude
b) The aircraft turns with no loss of height
c) The aircraft yaws and slows down
64. The relationship between induced drag and airspeed is

a) directly proportional to the square of the speed
# b) inversely proportional to the square of the speed
c) directly proportional to speed
65. What is the definition of Angle of Incidence?

a) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal
b) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the longitudinal datum
line
# c) The angle the chord of the mainplane or tailplane makes with the horizontal
66. What is Boundary Layer?

a) Separated layer of air forming a boundary at the leading edge
b) Turbulent air moving from the leading edge to trailing edge
# c) Sluggish low energy air that sticks to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it
joins the free stream flow of air
67. The normal axis of an aircraft passes through

# a) the centre of gravity
b) a point at the center of the wings
c) at the centre of pressure
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Page 8 - Mod 8
68. on a high winged aircraft, what effect will the fuselage have on the up-going wing?
# a) The up-going wing will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in
lift
b) The down-going will have a decrease in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in lift
c) The up-going wing will have an increase in angle of attack and therefore a decrease in
lift
69. What is the collective term for the fin and rudder and other surfaces aft of the centre of
gravity that helps directional stability?
# a) Effective keel surface
b) Empennage
c) Fuselage surfaces
70. Temperature above 36,000 feet will

a) decrease exponentially
# b) remain constant
c) increase exponentially
71. A decrease in incidence toward the wing tip may be provided to

a) prevent adverse yaw in a turn
b) prevent spanwise flow in maneuvers
# c) retain lateral control effectiveness at high angles of attack
72. The angle of attack which gives the best L/D ratio
a) decreases with a decrease in density
# b) in unaffected by density changes
c) increases with a decrease in density
73. for a given aerofoil production lift, where

P = pressure and V = velocity:
a) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is greater than V2

b) P1 is less than P2 and V1 is greater than V2
# c) P1 is greater than P2, and V1 is less than V2
74. Low wing loading

a) increases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run
b) increases lift, stalling speed and maneuverability
# c) decreases stalling speed, landing speed and landing run
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75. Due to the change in downwash on an untapered wing (i.e. one of constant chord length) it
will
a) not provide any damping effect when rolling
# b) tend to stall first at the root
c) not suffer adverse yaw effects when turning
76. True stalling speed of an aircraft increases with altitude

a) because reduced temperature causes compressibility effect
# b) because air density is reduced
c) because humidity is increased and this increases drag
77. As a general rule, if the aerodynamic angle of incidence (angle of attack) of an aerofoil is
slightly increased, the centre of pressure will
a) never move
# b) move forward towards the leading edge
c) move towards the tip
78. The "wing setting angle" is commonly known as

# a) angle of incidence
b) angle of attack
c) angle of dihedral
79. on a very humid day, an aircraft taking off would require

a) a shorter take off run
# b) a longer take off run
c) humidity does not affect the take off run
80. an aircraft is flying at 350 MPH, into a head wind of 75 MPH, what will its ground speed be?
a) 175 mph
# b) 275 mph
c) 200 mph
81. When does the angle of incidence change?

a) When the aircraft attitude changes
b) When the aircraft is ascending or descending
# c) It never changes
82. as the angle of attack decreases, what happens to the centre of pressure?
a) It moves forward
# b) It moves rearwards
c) Centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attack decrease
83. A decrease in pressure over the upper surface of a wing or aerofoil is responsible for
# a) approximately 2/3 (two thirds) of the lift obtained
b) approximately 1/3 (one third) of the lift obtained
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c) approximately 1/2 (one half) of the lift obtained

Page 10 - Mod 8
84. Which of the four forces act on an aircraft?

# a) Lift, gravity, thrust and drag
b) Weight, gravity, thrust and drag
c) Lift, weight, gravity and drag
85. Which of the following types of drag increases as the aircraft gains altitude?
a) Parasite drag
# b) Induced drag
c) Interference drag
86. Correcting for a disturbance which has caused a rolling motion about the longitudinal axis
would re-establish which of the following?
# a) Lateral stability
b) Directional stability
c) Longitudinal stability
87. the layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving, in relation to the
rest of the airflow, is known as
a) camber layer
# b) boundary layer
c) none of the above
88. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction?

a) Aspect ratio
b) Fineness ratio
# c) Counter sunk rivets used on skin exterior
89. Changes in aircraft weight

a) will not affect total drag since it is dependant only upon speed
# b) cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change
c) will only affect total drag if the lift is kept constant
90. The aircraft stalling speed will

# a) increase with an increase in weight
b) be unaffected by aircraft weight changes since it is dependant upon the angle of attack
c) only change if the MTMA were changed
91. In a bank and turn

a) extra lift is not required
b) extra lift is not required if thrust is increased
# c) extra lift is required
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Page 11 - Mod 8
92. To maintain straight and level flight on the aeroplane shown, with a decrease in tail-plane
download the mainplane lift would have to
a) remain constant
# b) decrease
c) increase
93. To achieve the maximum distance in a glide, the recommended air speed is
a) as close to the stall as practical
b) as high as possible with VNE

# c) the speed where the L/D ratio is maximum
94. If the C of G is aft of the Centre of Pressure

# a) changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to increase the change in lift
b) when the aircraft sideslips, the C of G causes the nose to turn into the sideslip thus
applying a restoring moment
c) when the aircraft yaws the aerodynamic forces acting forward of the Centre of Pressure
95. Proposing is an oscillatory motion in the

# a) pitch plane
b) roll plane
c) yaw plane
96. Directional stability is maintained
a) by the mainplanes, and controlled by the ailerons

b) by the tailplane, and controlled by the elevators
# c) by the keel surface and fin, and controlled by the rudder
97. Due to the interference effects of the fuselage, when a high wing aeroplane sideslips
a) the accompanying rolling due to keel surface area is destabilizing
# b) the accompanying lift changes on the wings produces a stabilizing effect
c) the accompanying rolling due to the fin is destabilizing
Page 12 - Mod 8
98. The power required in a horizontal turn
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# a) is greater than that for level flight at the same airspeed

b) must be the same as that for level flight at the same airspeed
c) is less than that for level flight at the same airspeed
99. A wing mounted stall sensing device is located

# a) usually on the under surface
b) always at the wing tip
c) always on the top surface
100. For an aircraft in a glide

a) thrust, drag, lift and weight act on the aircraft
# b) weight, lift and drag act on the aircraft
c) weight and drag only act on the aircraft
101. The upper part of the wing in comparison to the lower

# a) develops more lift
b) develops the same lift
c) develops less lift
102. What effect would a forward CG have on an aircraft on landing?

# a) Increase stalling speed
b) No effect on landing
c) Reduce stalling speed
103. QNH refers to

a) Quite near horizon
b) setting the altimeter to zero
# c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure so an altimeter reads the aerodrome
altitude above mean sea level
104. QNE refers to

a) Setting an altimeter to read aerodrome altitude above sea level
b) Quite new equipment
# c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure in accordance with ICAO standard
atmosphere i.e. 1013 millibars
105. An aspect ratio of 8 would mean

# a) span 64, mean chord 8
b) mean chord 64 , span 8
c) span squared 64 ,chord 8
106. If an aircraft in level flight loses engine power it will

a) pitch nose up
# b) pitch nose down
c) not change pitch without drag increasing
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Page 13 - Mod 8
107. QFE is
a) sea level pressure
# b) airfield pressure
c) difference between sea level and airfield pressure
108. The lift /drag ratio at stall

a) increases
# b) decreases
c) is unchanged
109. On a straight unswept wing, stall occurs at

# a) the thick portion at the wing root
b) the thick portion at the wing tip
c) the thin portion at the wing tip
110. During a climb from a dive

a) the thrust required is greater than required for level flight

# b) the thrust required is lower than for level flight
c) the thrust required is the same as for level flight
111. When power is off, the aircraft will pitch

# a) nose down
b) nose up
c) trim level
112. Angle of attack on a down going wing in a roll

# a) increases
b) decreases
c) unaffected
113. For any given speed, a decrease in aircraft weight, the induced drag will
a) increase
# b) decrease
c) remain the same
114. The amount of lift generated by a wing is

# a) greatest at the root
b) greatest at the tip
c) constant along the span
115. Induced Drag is

a) greatest towards the wing root and downwash is greatest at the tip
b) greatest towards the wing tip and downwash is greatest towards the root
# c) greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip to root
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Page 14 - Mod 8
116. Induced Drag is

a) equal to profile drag at stalling angle
# b) equal to profile drag at Vmd
c) never equal to profile drag
117. With an increase in aircraft weight

a) Vmd will be at the same speed
b) Vmd will be at a lower speed
# c) Vmd will be at a higher speed
118. For a given IAS an increase in altitude will result in

a) no change in the value of induced drag
# b) an increase in induced drag
c) an increase in profile drag
119. As the angle of attack of a wing is increased in level flight

a) the Cof G moves aft and the Cof P forward
# b) the Cof P and transition point move forward
c) the Cof P moves forward and the stagnation point aft over the upper surface
120. Stall inducers may be fitted to a wing

a) at the tip to cause the root to stall first
b) at the root to cause the tip to stall first
# c) at the root to cause the root to stall first
121. With increasing altitude pressure decreases and

a) temperature decreases at the same rate as pressure reduces
# b) temperature decreases but at a lower rate than pressure reduces
c) temperature remains constant to 8000 ft
122. The Centre of Pressure is

# a) the point on the chord line at which the resultant lift force may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the under surface of the wing
c) the centre of gravity of the wing
123. If the angle of attack is increased the Centre of Pressure will

# a) move forward
b) move rearward
c) remain stationary
124. The optimum angle of attack of an aerofoil is the angle at which

a) the aerofoil produces maximum lift
b) the aerofoil produces zero lift
# c) the highest lift/drag ratio is produced
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Page 15 - Mod 8
125. A high aspect ratio wing has a
a) increased induced drag
# b) decreased induced drag
c) decreased skin friction drag
126. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs

a) at the stalling speed
# b) when profile drag equals induced drag
c) when induced drag is least
127. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the induced drag at a given speed
# a) will increase
b) will decrease
c) will remain the same
128. The transition point on a wing is the point where

a) the flow separates from the wing surface
# b) the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the flow divides to pass above and below the wing
129. The boundary layer of a body in a moving airstream is

a) a thin layer of air over the surface where the air is stationary
b) a layer of separated flow where the air is turbulent
# c) a layer of air over the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream speed to
zero speed
130. A laminar boundary layer will produce

a) more skin friction drag than a turbulent one
# b) less skin friction drag than a turbulent one
c) the same skin friction drag as a turbulent one
131. Longitudinal stability is given by

a) the fin
b) the wing dihedral
# c) the horizontal tailplane
132. Lateral stability is given by

a) the aileron
s
# b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tailplane
133. Stability about the lateral axis is given by

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a) wing dihedral
# b) the horizontal tailplane
c) the ailerons
Page 16 - Mod 8
134. Sweepback of the wings will
# a) increase lateral stability
b) decrease lateral stability
c) not affect the lateral stability
135. Dutch Roll is

# a) a combined rolling and yawing motion
b) a type of slow roll
c) primarily a pitching instability
136. A high wing position gives

# a) more lateral stability than a low wing

b) less lateral stability than a low wing
c) the same lateral stability as a low wing
137. On an aircraft in an unpowered steady speed descent

a) the lift equals the weight
b) the weight equals the drag
# c) the weight equals the resultant of the lift and drag
138. When an aircraft rolls to enter a turn and power is not increased
a) the lift equals the weight
b) the lift is greater than the weight
# c) the lift is less than the weight
139. The boundary layer is

a) thickest at the leading edge
# b) thickest at the trailing edge
c) constant thickness from leading to trailing edges
140. The amount of thrust produced by a jet engine or a propeller can be calculated using
a) Newton’s 1st law
# b) Newton’s 2nd law
c) Newton’s 3rd law
141. An engine which produces an efflux of high speed will be

a) more efficient
# b) less efficient
c) speed of efflux has no affect on the engine efficiency
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142. When an aircraft with a C of G forward of the C of P rolls, the nose of the aircraft will
a) stay level
b) rise
# c) drop
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143. Directional stability may be increased with
a) pitch dampers
b) horn balance
# c) yaw dampers
144. Lateral stability may be increased with

# a) increased lateral dihedral
b) increased lateral anhedral
c) increased longitudinal dihedral
145. Longitudinal stability is increased if the

a) CP moves forward of the CG
b) Thrust acts on a line below the total drag
# c) CG is forward of the CP
146. Wing loading is calculated by weight

# a) divided by gross wing area
b) divided by lift
c) multiplied by gross wing area
147. Induced drag is

# a) inversely proportional to the square of speed
b) proportional to speed
c) nothing to do with speed
148. In a bank, the weight is

# a) increased
b) decreased
c) the same
149. L/D ratio is

a) higher at supersonic cruise speed
# b) higher at sub sonic speed
c) the same
150. The power required at low altitude for a given IAS is

a) the same as at high altitude
b) higher
# c) lower
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151. If the stall speed is 75 knots what is the same stall speed in mph
a) 75 x 0.87
# b) 75 / 0.87
c) 75 / 0.87 x relative density
152. As the angle of attack increases the stagnation point

a) moves towards the upper surface
# b) moves towards the lower surface
c) does not move
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153. The term pitch-up is due to
a) compressibility effect
b) ground effect
# c) longitudinal instability
154. In a steady climb at a steady IAS, the TAS is

# a) more than IAS
b) less than IAS

c) the same
155. An untapered wing will

a) have no yaw effect in banking
b) have no change in induced drag in the bank
# c) stall at the root first
156. With the ailerons away from the neutral, induced drag is
a) unchanged but profile drag is higher
b) higher on the lower wing plus profile drag increases
# c) higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases
157. The lift drag ratio is

a) higher at mach numbers above supersonic
# b) higher at sub sonic mach numbers
c) the same
158. The force opposing thrust is

# a) drag
b) lift
c) Weight
159. Directional stability is about the

# a) normal axis
b) longitudinal axis
c) lateral axis
160. Lateral stability is about the

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# a) longitudinal axis
b) normal axis
c) vertical axis
161. All the lift can be said to act through the

# a) centre of pressure
b) centre of gravity
c) normal axis
162. Longitudinal stability is provided by the

# a) horizontal stabilizer
b) vertical stabilizer
c) mainplane
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163. The concept of thrust is explained by
a) Newton’s 1st law
# b) Newton’s 3rd law
c) Bernoulli’s theorem
164. The camber of an aerofoil section is

# a) the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil
b) the angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing
c) the angle which the aerofoil makes with the relative airflow
165. If the aircraft turns and side-slips

a) the sweepback of the wing will correct the sideslip
# b) the dihedral of the wing will correct the sideslip
c) the keel surface will correct the sideslip
166. Movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis

# a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing
167. Induced drag

a) is caused by skin friction
b) results from disturbed airflow in the region of mainplane attachments
# c) is associated with the lift generated by an aerofoil
168. The centre of pressure is

# a) the point on the chord line through which the total resultant lift force on the aerofoil
may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the undersurface of a mainplane
c) the point at which the four forces acting on an aircraft are said to act
169. At what altitude is tropopause

a) 63,000 ft.
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# b) 36,000 ft.
c) 57,000 ft.
170. What approximate percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere

a) 12%
# b) 21%
c) 78%
171. Which has the greater density

# a) air at low altitude
b) air at high altitude
c) it remains constant
Page 20- Mod 8

172. As air flows over the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil, what happens to velocity and
pressure?
a) Velocity decreases, pressure decreases
b) Velocity increases, pressure increases
# c) Velocity increases, pressure decreases
173. What is the force that tends to pull an aircraft down towards the earth?
a) Drag
b) Thrust
# c) Weight
174. Which of the following act in opposition to forward movement?

a) Lift
b) Gravity
# c) Drag
175. The angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow is known as
# a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) resultant
176. The imaginary straight line which passes through an aerofoil section from leading edge
to trailing edge is called
a) centre of pressure
b) the direction of relative airflow
# c) the chord line
177. What is the angle between the chord line of the wing, and the longitudinal axis of the
aircraft, known as
a) angle of attack
# b) angle of incidence
c) angle of dihedral
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178. An aircraft disturbed from its normal flight path, and automatically returns to that normal
flight path, without any action on the part of the pilot is known as
# a) aircraft stability
b) aircraft instability
c) aircraft stall
179. Directional control is provided by

a) horizontal stabilizer
# b) rudder
c) elevator
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180. About which axis of the aircraft does a rolling motion take place?
a) Normal axis
# b) Longitudinal axis
c) Lateral axis
181. Which motion happens about the lateral axis?

# a) Pitching
b) Yawing
c) Rolling
182. Wing tip vortices create a type of drag known as

a) form drag
# b) induced drag
c) profile drag
183. Which of the following describes the “Empennage”?

a) Nose section of an aircraft, including the cockpit
# b) Tail section of the aircraft, including fin, rudder, tail plane and elevators
c) The wings, including the ailerons
184. At what altitude does stratosphere commence approximately?

a) Sea level
b) 63,000 ft
# c) 36,000 ft
185. When an aircraft is in straight and level unaccelerated flight, which of the following is
correct?
# a) Lift and weight are equal, and thrust and drag are equal
b) Lift greater than weight, and thrust greater than drag
c) Lift greater than weight, and thrust is less than drag
186. As the angle of attack is increased (up to the stall point), which of the following is
correct?
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a) Pressure difference between top and bottom of the wing increases

b) Lift increases
# c) Both a) and b) are correct
187. The fin gives stability about which axis?

a) Lateral axis
# b) Normal axis
c) Longitudinal axis
188. What is the horizontal movement of the nose of the aircraft called?
a) Rolling movement
b) Pitching movement
# c) Yawing movement
Page 22 - Mod 8
189. What type of drag, depends on the smoothness of the body, and surface area over which
the air flows?
a) Parasite drag
b) Form drag
# c) Skin friction drag
190. if the nose of the aircraft is rotated about its lateral axis, what is its directional
movement?
a) Turning to the left or right
b) Rolling or banking to the left or right
# c) Climbing or diving
191. When air flow velocity over an upper cambered surface of an aerofoil decreases, what
takes place?
# a) Pressure increases, lift decreases
b) Pressure increases, lift increases
c) Pressure decreases, lift increases
192. When an aircraft stalls

a) lift and drag increase
b) lift increases and drag decreases
# c) lift decreases and drag increases
193. Wing loading is

a) the maximum all up weight multiplied by the total wing area
# b) the maximum all up weight divided by the total wing area
c) the ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic weight
194. An aircraft wing with an aspect ration of 6:1 is proportional so that

a) the mean chord is six times the thickness
# b) the wing span is six times the mean chord
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c) the wing area is six times the span
195. Upward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed

a) sweep
# b) dihedral
c) stagger
196. The function of an aircraft fin

# a) is to provide stability about the normal axis
b) is to provide directional control
c) is to provide straight airflow across the rudder
197. Movement of an aircraft about its normal axis

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
# c) is yawing
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198. A pressure of one atmosphere is equal to
# a) 14.7 psi
b) 100 millibar
c) 1 inch Hg.
199. The millibar is a unit of

a) atmospheric temperature
b) pressure altitude
# c) barometric pressure
200. With an increase in altitude under I.S.A. conditions the temperature in the troposphere
a) increases
# b) decreases
c) remains constant
201. Which of the following forces act on an aircraft in level flight?

a) Lift, thrust, and weight
# b) Lift, thrust, weight, and drag
c) Lift, drag, thrust
202. When an aircraft is banked, the horizontal component of the lift

# a) will tend to make the aircraft follow a circular path
b) will oppose the tendency of the aircraft to follow a circular path
c) will oppose the weight thus requiring more total lift in the turn
203. If, after a disturbance, an aeroplane initially returns to its equilibrium state
a) it has neutral stability
# b) it has static stability and may be dynamically stable
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c) it is neutrally unstable
204. Stability of an aircraft is

# a) the tendency of the aircraft to return to its original trimmed position after having been
displaced
b) the ability of the aircraft to rotate about an axis
c) the tendency of the aircraft to stall at low airspeeds
205. With reference to altimeters QFE is

# a) setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an altimeter reads zero on landing and
take off
b) quite fine equipment
c) the manufacturers registered name
206. Under the ICAO “Q” code there are which three settings?
# a) QFE, QNH, QNE
b) QEF, QNH, QEN
c) QE, QN, QQE
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207. Wing loading is
# a) GROSS WEIGHT divided by GROSS WING AREA
b) WING AREA x WING CHORD
c) the ultimate tensile strength of the wing
208. The three axes concerned with stability of an aircraft have

a) normal axis through C of G. Lateral axis - wing tip to wing tip. Longitudinal axis - nose to
tail but not through C of G
# b) longitudinal, lateral and normal axis all passing through aircraft centre of gravity
c) longitudinal axis nose to tail, lateral axis at furthest span point, normal axis through
centre of pressure
209. A barometer indicates

# a) pressure
b) density
c) temperature
210. If an aircraft returns to a position of equilibrium it is said to be

a) negatively stable
b) neutrally stable
# c) positively stable
211. The pendulum effect on a high wing aircraft

# a) increases lateral stability
b) decreases lateral stability
c) has no effect on lateral stability
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212. The amount of water vapour in the air (humidity holding capacity of the air) is
a) greater on a colder day, and lower on a hotter day
# b) greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day

c) doesn't have a significant difference
213. Weight is equal to

a) volume x gravity
# b) mass x acceleration
c) mass x gravity
214. Induced Drag

a) increases with an increase in speed
b) reduces with an increase in angle of attack
# c) increases with increase in aircraft weight
215. Airflow over the upper surface of the wing generally

# a) flows towards the root
b) flows towards the tip
c) flows straight from leading edge to trailing edge
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216. with an increase in aspect ratio for a given ISA, induced drag will
a) remain constant
b) increase
# c) reduce
217. With increasing altitude the angle at which a wing will stall
# a) remains the same
b) reduces
c) increases
218. If the density of the air is increased, the lift will

# a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same
219. All the factors that affect the lift produced by an aerofoil are
a) angle of attack, air density, velocity, wing area
b) angle of attack, air temperature, velocity, wing area
# c) angle of attack, velocity, wing area, aerofoil shape, air density
220. A wing section suitable for high speed would be

a) thick with high camber
b) thin with high camber
# c) thin with little or no camber
221. The induced drag of an aircraft

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a) increases with increasing speed

b) increases if aspect ratio is increased
# c) decreases with increasing speed
222. As the speed of an aircraft increases the profile drag

# a) increases
b) decreases
c) decreases at first then increase
223. The stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where

a) the suction pressure reaches a maximum
b) the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent
# c) the airflow is brought completely to rest
224. After a disturbance in pitch, an aircraft continues to oscillate at constant amplitude. It is

a) longitudinally unstable
# b) longitudinally neutrally stable
c) laterally unstable
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225. On an aircraft with an all-moving tailplane nose up pitch is caused by
a) increasing tailplane incidence
# b) decreasing tailplane incidence
c) up movement of the trim tab
226. The stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the

a) airspeed
# b) angle of attack
c) transition speed
227. What gives the aircraft directional stability?

# a) Vertical stabilizer
b) Horizontal stabilizer
c) Elevators
280. The most fuel efficient of the following types of engine is the
a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
# c) turbo-fan engine
229. The quietest of the following types of engine is the

a) rocket
b) turbo-jet engine
# c) turbo-fan engine
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230. Forward motion of a glider is provided by
a) the engine
# b) the weight
c) the drag
231. Profile drag consists of what drag types?

# a) Form, skin friction and interference
b) Form, induced and skin friction
c) Form, induced and interference
232. An aircraft in straight and level flight is subject to

a) zero load factor
# b) a load factor of 1
c) a load factor of ½
233. Aspect ratio is given by the formula

a) Mean Chord
Span
# b) Span2 U U
Area
c) Span2 U U
Mean Chord
Page 27 - Mod 8
234. on a high wing aircraft in a turn
a) the up going wing loses lift which has a de-stabilizing effect
# b) the down going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect
235. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?
a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
# c) Absolute humidity
236. An aspect ratio of 8 means

# a) the span is 8 times the mean chord
b) the mean chord is 8 times the span
c) the area is 8 times the span
237. The ISA

a) is taken from the equator
# b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day
238. Which will weigh the least?

a) 98 parts of dry air and 2 parts of water vapour
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# b) 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapour

c) 50 parts of dry air and 50 parts of water vapour
239. A high aspect ratio wing

a) is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing
# b) has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing
c) has a higher stall angle than a low aspect ratio wing
240. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight couple. What force must the tail of the
aircraft exert to maintain the aircraft in a level attitude?
a) Down
# b) Up
c) Sideways
241. Induced downwash

# a) reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing
b) increases the effective angle of attack of the wing
c) has no effect on the angle of attack of the wing
242. during a turn, the stalling angle

a) increases
b) decreases
Page 28 - Mod 8
243. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount
that would be present if the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?
a) Absolute humidity
# b) Relative humidity.
c) Dew point
244. a straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) have greater angle of attack at the tip
b) have the same angle of attack at all points along the span
# c) have less angle of attack at the tip
245. If gauge pressure on a standard day is 25 PSI, the absolute pressure is

a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
# c) 39.7 PSI
246. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely cause of this is

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of cargo
# c) consumption of fuel and oils
247. The speed of sound in the atmosphere

a) varies according to the frequency of the sound
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# b) changes with a change in temperature

c) changes with a change in pressure
248. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will

a) stall first at the tip
# b) stall first at the root
c) stall equally along the span of the wing
249. What is sea level pressure?

# a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb
250. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing speed of an aircraft to be the
greatest?
a) Low temperature with low humidity
b) High temperature with low humidity
# c) High temperature with high humidity
251. Which condition is the actual amount of water vapour in a mixture of air and water?
a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
# c) Absolute humidity
Page 29 - Mod 8
252. When the weight of an aircraft increases, the minimum drag speed
a) decreases
# b) increases
c) remains the same
253. Which statement concerning heat and/or temperature is true?

a) There is an inverse relationship between temperature and heat.
# b) Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of any substance
c) Temperature is a measure of the potential energy of the molecules of any substance
254. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount
that would be present if the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure?
a) Absolute humidity
# b) Relative humidity
c) Dew point
255. When an aircraft experiences induced drag

# a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on top of the wing spanwise
towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on top of the wing spanwise
towards the tip
c) Neither a) or b) since induced drag does not cause spanwise flow
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256. What is absolute humidity?
a) The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become
saturated.
# b) The actual amount of the water vapour in a mixture of air and water
c) The ratio of the water vapour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that
would be present if the air were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure
257. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the true landing speed of an aircraft to be the
greatest?
a) Low temperature with low humidity
b) High temperature with low humidity
# c) High temperature with high humidity
258. If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an aeroplane wing, a likely result
will be
a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
# c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of attack
Page 30 - Mod 8
259. When a leading edge slat opens, there is a gap between the slat and the wing. This is
a) to allow it to retract back into the wing
# b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same
260. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface.
b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the
wing's surface.
# c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the
wing's surface
261. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

a) wingspan to the wing root
b) square of the chord to the wingspan
# c) wingspan to the mean chord
262. Which of the following is true?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts vertically down
# b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight acts at right angles to the
aircraft centre line
263. The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become
saturated is called
Page
# a) dewpoint
b) absolute humidity
c) relative humidity
264. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure
# b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure
265. Which type of flap increases the area of the wing?

a) Plain Flap
# b) Fowler Flap
c) All flaps
Page 31 - Mod 8
266. If all, or a significant part of a stall strip is missing on an aeroplane wing, a likely result
will be
a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
# c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of attack
267. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases
# b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant
268. Deployment of flaps will result in

# a) a decrease in stall angle
b) an increase in stall angle
c) a decrease in angle of attack
269. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface.
b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and positive air pressure above the
wing's surface.
# c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and negative air pressure above the
wing's surface.
270. The angle of attack of an aerofoil section is the angle between the
# a) chord line and the relative airflow
b) underside of the wing surface and the mean airflow
c) chord line and the centre line of the fuselage
Page
271. A swept wing tends to stall first at the

a) root
# b) tip
c) centre section
272. Krueger Flaps are normally fitted to

a) the trailing edge of the wings
b) the tips of the wings
# c) the leading edge of the wings
273. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the

a) wingspan to the wing root.
b) square of the chord to the wingspan.
# c) wingspan to the mean chord
274. The trailing vortex on a pointed wing (taper ratio = 0) is

# a) at the root
b) at the tip
c) equally all along the wing span

Page 32 - Mod 8
275. A high wing aircraft will be more

# a) laterally stable than a low wing aircraft
b) longitudinally stable than a low wing aircraft
c) directionally stable than a low wing aircraft
276. A wing with a very high aspect ratio (in comparison with a low aspect ratio wing) will have
a) increased drag at high angles of attack.
# b) a high stall speed.
c) poor control qualities at low airspeeds.
277. The lift curve for a delta wing is

a) more steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing
# b) less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing
c) the same as that of a high aspect ratio wing
278. after an aircraft has been disturbed from its straight and level flight, it returns to its
original attitude with a small amount of decreasing oscillation. The aircraft is
a) statically stable but dynamically unstable
b) statically unstable but dynamically stable
# c) statically stable and dynamically stable
279. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil passes through the air increases lift
because
# a) the increased speed of the airflow creates a greater pressure differential between the
upper and lower surfaces.
b) the increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser pressure differential between the
Page
upper and lower surfaces.

c) the increased velocity of the relative wind increases the angle of attack
280. A delta wing has

# a) a higher stall angle than a straight wing
b) a lower stall angle than a straight wing
c) the same stall angle than a straight wing
281. The Lift/Drag ratio of a wing at the stalling angle is

a) of a negative value
# b) low
c) high
282. The airflow over the upper surface of a cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure
# b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure
Page 33 - Mod 8
283. The speed of air over a swept wing which contributes to the lift is
# a) less than the aircraft speed
b) more than the aircraft speed
c) the same as the aircraft speed
284. For a given angle of attack induced drag is

a) greater on a high aspect ratio wing
b) greater towards the wing root
# c) greater on a low aspect ratio wing
285. In straight and level flight, the angle of attack of a swept wing is
a) the same as the aircraft angle to the horizontal
b) more than the aircraft angle to the horizontal
# c) less than the aircraft angle to the horizontal
286. Induced drag

a) is never equal to the profile drag
b) is equal to the profile drag at the stalling speed
# c) is equal to the profile drag at Vmd
287. A delta wing aircraft flying at the same speed (subsonic) and angle of attack as a swept
wing aircraft of similar wing area will produce
a) the same lift
b) more lift
# c) less lift
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288. The stagnation point is

# a) static pressure plus dynamic pressure
b) static pressure minus dynamic pressure

c) dynamic pressure only
289. On a swept wing aircraft, due to the adverse pressure gradient, the boundary layer on the
upper surface of the wing tends to flow
a) directly from leading edge to trailing edge
# b) towards the tip
c) towards the root
290. With increased speed in level flight

a) induced drag increases
# b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant
291. If a swept wing stalls at the tips first, the aircraft will
# a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down

c) roll
Page 34 - Mod 8
292. The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also known as
a) aspect ratio
b) mean chord ratio
# c) fineness ratio
293. Flexure of a rearward swept wing will

a) increase the lift and hence increase the flexure
# b) decrease the lift and hence decrease the flexure
c) increase the lift and hence decrease the flexure
294. A High Aspect Ratio wing is a wing with

a) long span, long chord
# b) long span, short chord
c) short span, long chord
295. Stall commencing at the root is preferred because

a) the ailerons become ineffective
# b) it provides the pilot with a warning of complete loss of lift
c) it will cause the aircraft to pitch nose up
296. An aircraft flying in “ground effect” will produce

# a) more lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
b) less lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
c) the same lift as a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
Page
297. If the angle of attack of a wing is increased in flight, the
# a) C of P will move forward

b) C of G will move aft
c) C of P will move aft
298. The Rams Horn Vortex on a forward swept wing will be

a) the same as a rearward swept wing
b) more than a rearward swept wing
# c) less than a rearward swept wing
299. When maintaining level flight an increase in speed will

# a) cause the C of P to move aft
b) cause the C of P to move forward
c) have no affect on the position of the C of P
300. For a cambered wing section the zero lift angle of attack will be
a) zero
b) 4 degrees
# c) negative
301. Density changes with altitude at a rate

a) of 2kg/m3 per 1000ft
# b) which changes with altitude
c) which is constant until 11km
Page 35 - Mod 8
302. Airflow at subsonic speed is taken to be
a) compressible
# b) incompressible
c) either a or b depending on altitude
303. Bernoulli's equation shows that

a) at constant velocity the kinetic energy of the air changes with a change of height
b) with a change in speed at constant height both kinetic and potential energies change
# c) with a change in velocity at constant height the static pressure will change
304. If fluid flow through a venturi is said to be incompressible, the speed of the flow
increases at the throat to
# a) maintain a constant volume flow rate
b) allow for a reduction in static pressure
c) allow for an increase in static pressure
305. to produce lift, an aerofoil must be

a) asymmetrical
b) symmetrical
# c) either a or b above
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306. Lift is dependent on

# a) the area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium, and the square of the velocity
b) the net area of the wing ,the density of the fluid medium and the velocity
c) the frontal area of the wing, the density of the fluid medium and the velocity
307. The maximum lift/drag ratio of a wing occurs

a) at the angle of attack where the wing develops its maximum lift
b) during take off
# c) at an angle below which the wing develops max lift
308. A wing develops 10,000N of lift at 100knots. Assuming the wing remains at the same
angle of attack and remains at the same altitude, how much lift will it develop at 300knots?
a) 900,000 N
# b) 90,000N
c) 30,000N
309. The angle of attack is

a) related to angle of incidence
b) always kept below 15 degrees

# c) not related to the angle of incidence
Page 36 - Mod 8
310. The difference between the mean camber line and the chord line of an aerofoil is
# a) one is always straight and the other may be straight
b) neither are straight
c) they both may be curved
311. If the C of G is calculated after loading as within limits for take off
a) no further calculation is required
# b) a further calculation is required prior to landing to allow for fuel and oil consumption
c) a further calculation is required prior to landing to allow for flap deployment
312. A stalled aerofoil has a lift/drag ratio

a) more than the lift/drag ratio prior to stall
b) zero
# c) less than the lift/drag ratio prior to stall
313. At low forward speed

a) increased downwash reduces tailplane effectiveness
# b) increased downwash increases tailplane effectiveness
c) excessive rudder movement may cause fin to stall
314. Helicopter rotor blades create lift by

# a) creating low pressure above the blades
b) pushing the air down
c) working like a screw
Page
315. On some modern aircraft a stall warning will automatically
a) increase thrust
b) extend outboard slats
# c) cause a pitch nose down movement
316. above 65,800 ft temperature

a) remains constant up to 115,000ft
b) decreases by 1.98oC up to 115000ft
# c) increases by 0.303oC up to 115000ft
317. At sea level, ISA atmospheric pressure is

# a) 14.7 PSI
b) 14.7 Kpa
c) 10 Bar
318. The spanwise component of the airflow is

a) greater at higher speeds
# b) less at higher speeds

c) unaffected by speed
Page 37 - Mod 8
319. A wing fence
a) increases lateral control
b) acts as a lift dumping device
# c) reduces spanwise flow on a swept wing thus reducing induced drag
320. The highest lift/drag ratio is greatest at

a) low altitudes
b) the point just before the stalling angle
# c) the optimum angle of attack
321. With all conditions remaining the same, if the aircraft speed is halved, by what factor is
the lift reduced?
a) Half
# b) By a factor of 4
c) Remains the same
322. The boundary layer over an aerofoil is

a) a layer of air close to the aerofoil that is stationary
# b)a layer of air close to the aerofoil which is moving at a velocity less than free stream air
c) a layer of turbulent air close to the aerofoil which is moving at a velocity less than free
stream air
323. on a swept wing aircraft, the fineness ratio of an aerofoil is

a) highest at the root
# b) highest at the tip
Page
c) equal throughout the span
324. IAS for a stall will

a) increase with altitude
b) decrease with altitude
# c) roughly remain the same for all altitude
325. If the radius of a turn is reduced the load factor will

# a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same
326. Streamlining will reduce

# a) form drag
b) induced drag
c) skin friction drag
327. If an aircraft has a gross weight of 3000 kg and is then subjected to a total weight of 6000
kg the load factor will be

# a) 2G
b) 3G
c) 9G
Page 38 - Mod 8
328. A constant rate of climb is determined by
a) weight
b) wind speed
# c) excess engine power
329. Ice formed on the leading edge will cause the aircraft to
a) stall at the same stall speed and AoA
b) stall at a lower speed
# c) stall at a higher speed
330. With an aircraft in bank, the upper wing produces more drag. To compensate
# a) the rudder is operated
b) when bank angle is achieved then the ailerons are operated in the opposite direction to
cause the opposite effect
c) angle of attack is increased
331. on a high winged aircraft in a banked turn, which of the following are true?
a) The down-going wing loses lift causing a stabilizing effect
# b) The up-going wing loses lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) The wing dihedral causes a stabilizing effect
332. If an aircraft true airspeed is halved, its indicated airspeed is reduced by

# a) half
b) factor of four
Page
c) It is not reduced, it is doubled
333. If there is an increase of density, what effect would there be in aerodynamic dampening?
a) None
b) Decreased
# c) Increased
334. As Mach number increases, what is the effect on boundary layer?

# a) Becomes more turbulent
b) Becomes less turbulent
c) Decreases in thickness
335. When a slat is retracted it moves

# a) towards the upper leading edge of the wing
b)towards the lower leading edge of the wing
c) towards the center of the leading edge of the wing
336. In a turn the up-going wing causes a

a) de-stabilizing effect due to increased AoA

b) de-stabilizing effect due to decreased AoA
# c) stabilizing effect due to decreased AoA
Page 39 - Mod 8
337. The stagnation point consists of
# a) dynamic and static air pressure
b) static air pressure
c) dynamic air pressure
338. During a glide the following forces act on an aircraft

a) lift, weight, thrust
# b) lift, drag, weight
c) lift and weight only
339. Yawing is a rotation around

a) the normal axis obtained by the elevator
b) the lateral axis obtained by the rudder
# c) the normal axis obtained by the rudder
340. If an aileron is moved downward

a) the stalling angle of that wing is increased
# b) the stalling angle of that wing is decreased
c) the stalling angle is not affected but the stalling speed is decreased
341. If the wing loading of an aircraft were reduced the stalling speed would
a) increase
# b) decrease
c) not be affected
Page
342. As the angle of attack increases the centre of pressure will

a) move rearward
b) remain static
# c) move forward
343. The lift on a wing is increased with

# a) an increase in pressure
b) an increase in humidity
c) an increase in temperature
344. An aircraft entering a level turn will require more lift

a) only if there is an increase in speed
b) only if there is an increase in angle of attack
# c) in all cases
345. Lateral stability is reduced by increasing

# a) Anhedral
b) Dihedral
c) Sweepback
Page 40 - Mod 8
346. Pulling the control column and rotating to the left causes
a) elevator down, left aileron down
# b) elevator up, left aileron up
c) elevator down, left aileron up
347. Azimuth stability is dependent on

a) dihedral
b) tailplane
# c) keel and fin
348. If the aircraft is slipping in turn

a) the bank angle is too great
# b) the bank angle is too small
c) the nose of the aircraft is too low
349. in normal flight conditions, an increase in aircraft speed

a) causes the nose of the aircraft to drop
# b) causes the nose of the aircraft to lift
c) the nose remains in the same position
350. An aircraft sideslips. What helps to restore the aircraft?

a) Fin gives rolling movement
# b) Dihedral causes the aircraft to roll straight and the fin increases the yaw rate
c) Tailplane
Page
351. For an aircraft climbing at a constant IAS the Mach number will
# a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain constant
352. The airflow behind a normal shockwave will

# a) always be subsonic and in the same direction as the original airflow
b) always be supersonic and in the same direction as the original airflow
c) always be subsonic and deflected from the direction of the original airflow
353. Sweepback of the wings will

a) not affect lateral stability
b) increase lateral stability at high speeds only
# c) increase lateral stability at all speeds
354. With the flaps lowered, the stalling speed will

a) increase
# b) decrease
c) remain the same
355. When flying close to the stall speed a pilot applies left rudder the aircraft will
a) pitch nose up
b) roll to the left
# c) stall the left wing
356. When an aircraft is in a bank, the upper wing produces more drag. To compensate
# a) the rudder is operated
b) when bank angle is achieved then the ailerons are operated in the opposite direction to
cause the opposite effect
c) angle of attack is increased (pitch up)
357. When flaps are down it will

a) increase AoA and increase slow speed stability
# b) decrease AoA and decrease slow speed stability
c) the AoA remains the same on both wings
Page

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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BASIC AERODYNAMICS (Module 08)

Prepared by P.Senthamil Selvan.B.E.,

DGCA Module 08 Question Paper – January 2018

1. Temperature at sea level is

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10. What is the purpose of making ISA

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19. Longitudinal stability is about which axis

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1.c 2.c 3.c 4.c

1.c 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.b

1.c 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.b

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CENTRE OF PRESSURE & CENTRE OF GRAVITY

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1.b 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.c 6.c 7.a 8.b

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1.a 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.a

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1.b 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.c 8.c

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1.c 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b

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1. A wing section suitable for high speed would be.

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DOWNWASH& STAGNITION POINT

1. A straight rectangular wing, without any twist, will.

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1.a 2.a 3.a 4.c 5.c

SPANWISE FLOW& WASHOUT

1. The span wise component of the airflow is.

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1.c 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.a

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ANGLE OF ATTACK & ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

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10. When does the angle of incidence change?.

11.a 12.c 13.c 14.b

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DGCA Module 08 Question Paper – August 2017

1. When the controls are incorporated ------------ will be activated

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10. Mean sea level pressure

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19. The property of air which makes all flight possible

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28. Induced drag varies

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