12 Senior High School

Oral Communication
in Context
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Models of Communication

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Carlito L. Mendoza
Editor: Alvin R. Lim
Reviewer: Rolylyn H. Dado
Layout Artist: Froilan G. Isip

Management Team: Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, SDS

Leonardo C. Canlas EdD CESE, ASDS
Rowena T. Quiambao CESE, ASDS
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, CID Chief
Arceli S. Lopez PhD, SGOD Chief
June D. Cunanan EPS- English
Ruby M. Jimenez PhD, EPS-LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module Models of Communication

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Models of Communication

When was the last time you communicate with someone? Did you send any
feedback or not? Well, communication is part of your everyday life. You may send a
message via text or call, you may talk to your family, friends, and classmates
personally, as well as, you may give a memorized or manuscript speech. As a
student, you will have a lot of communication encounters. Hence, communication
models are essential to communicate effectively.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
 What I Need to Know

This module will help you enhance the critical thinking and analysis of
learners by differentiating the various models of communication and how
communication models help identify and understand the components and
relationship of the communication process being studied.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.

For the learner

Communication models provide a visual representation of the communication

process. These models serve a valuable purpose for you to communicate and
enable you to see specific concepts and steps within the process of communication.
When you become aware of how communication functions, you can think clearly on
how you will eliminate or lessen the problems in communication and prepare better
for future communication encounters.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the models of communication.

2. Differentiate the models of communication.
3. Explain the models of communication.

What I Know
Direction. Identify what is being described in each item. Choose the best answer
from the pool of choices inside the box. Write your answer on the blank
before each number.
Decoding Linear Model
Encoding Models
Field of Experience Non-verbal
Interactive Speaker
Lasswell’s Model Transactional Model
______________1. It is a simple one way communication model.
______________2. An example of Linear Model of Communication.
______________3. Systematic representations of the communication process.
______________ 4. Gestures and body language are example of ______feedback.
_______________ 5. Aristotle’s communication model is a _______ centered model.
_______________ 6. A two way communication model which is mostly used for new
media like internet.
_______________ 7. The process of converting the message into codes
understandable for the receiver.
_______________ 8. A model of communication which is the exchange of messages
between sender and receiver take turns.
_______________ 9. The process of changing the encoded message into
understandable language by the receiver.
______________ 10.Things that influence the understanding of message like culture,
beliefs,experiences, social background and values.

Lesson

2 Models of Communication

Communication is a complex process. It is difficult to determine with whom or where

a communication encounter begins and ends. Thus, it is very helpful to consider different
communication models.

A model is used to depict any idea, thought, or concept in a simpler way through
diagrams, pictorial representation, etc. Models of Communication simplify the process by
providing a visual representation of the various aspects of a communication encounter.

What’s In

Direction. Fill in the semantic web with a word or group of words relevant
to communication.
1.
1.
2.
Definition 3.
Elements 4.
sss 5.

1.
2.
3. Communication
4. Process
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
 What’s New

Activity 1
Direction. Create a specific example that shows how this model illustrates the
various elements of communication.

Code Decode
Speaker Message Channel Receiver
Noise Noise Noise

Speaker:

Code:

Message:

Channel:

Noise:

Decode:

Receiver:

What is It

Discussion of Activity 1
Communication models are the metaphorical, simplified, and systematic
representations of the communication processes which form general perspectives
on communication.

A. LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION is a one-way communication model.

The message flows in a straight line from the sender to the receiver. There is no
concept of feedback. The only task that a receiver does here is to receive the
message. Different models that follow the linear model of communication are:
 Lasswell’s model was developed by communication theorist Harold D.
Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948. It was developed to analyze mass
communication, this model is used for interpersonal communication or group
communication to disseminate message to various groups in various
situations.

https://communicationtheory.org/lasswells-model/.

 Aristotle’s Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. Aristotle’s

communication model is a speaker centered model. It is the speaker’s role to
deliver a speech to the audience. The role of the audience is
passive, influenced by the speech. This model was highly used to
develop public speaking skills and create propaganda at that time so, it is less
focused on intrapersonal or interpersonal communication.

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication

 Shannon-Weaver model was created in 1948 when Claude Elwood Shannon

wrote an article “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in Bell System
Technical Journal with Warren Weaver.

It is known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon-

Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five elements: a source (producer of message); a transmitter
(encoder of message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for
transmission); a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a
destination.

Oral Communication in Context p.5

  Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model. In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s Sender-
Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) model of communication from Shannon
Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949). He described factors affecting the
individual components in the communication making the communication more
efficient.

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication.

B. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL gives the sender and receiver an equally important

role in communication. Transactional model relates communication with social
reality, cultural up-bringing, and relational context (relationships). Non-verbal
feedback like gestures, body language, is also considered as feedback in this
model. Different models that follow transactional model of communication are:

 Barnlund’s Transactional Model is a multi-layered feedback system

proposed by Dean Barnlund in 1970 which articulates that sending and
receiving of messages happens simultaneously between people. This is a
continuous process where sender and receiver interchange their places and
both are equally important. The message passing takes place with constant
feedback being provided from both parties. A feedback for one is the
message for the other.

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication
 Helical Model of Communication inspired by a helix in 1967 was proposed
by Frank Dance. A helix is a three-dimensional spring-like curve in the shape
of a cylinder or a cone. Helical model introduces the concept of time where
continuousness of the communication process and relational interactions are
very important. Communication is taken as a dynamic process in helical
model of communication and it progresses with age as our experience and
vocabulary increase.

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication

 Mosaic Model of Communication was proposed by Sam Becker in “The

Prospect of Rhetoric” (1968). According to him, the classical models of
communication are not very useful in contemporary communication. The
model explains the complexity of human communication. It also describes the
randomness of the origin of messages and communication as a dynamic
process. The model is believed to reduce the limitations of the linear models.
The model stresses the meaning of messages.

Every person lives and exists in the web of communications which

reciprocally makes the person unique. Messages construct humans and
humans construct messages. The message depends on the information
source, culture, social situations, and the environment. The constructed
message is just a small step to the formation of a complicated communication
environment which is known as a “Mosaic”.

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication
C. INTERACTIVE MODEL OR CONVERGENCE MODEL is similar to the
transactional model as they are both two-way communication models. But, the
interactive model is mostly used for new media like the internet. Here, people can
respond to any mass communications like videos, news, etc. People can
exchange their views and ideas. Different models that follow the interactive model
of communication are:

Schramm’s Interactive Model is the most commonly taught and widely used
theory of communication proposed by Wilbur Schramm in the late 1940s. The
Schramm model views communication as a process that takes place between
a sender (transmitter) and a receiver.
According to the Schramm's model, coding and decoding are the two
essential processes of effective communication. He also emphasizes that
the communication is incomplete unless and until the sender receives
feedback from the recipient. This model shows how meaning is transferred
from one person or group to another. Also, he added Field of experience
which is based on individual beliefs, values, experiences, and learned
meanings both as an individual or a group.

Oral Communication in Context p.6

 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Direction. Below the table are statements about models of communication, write
the statement inside the box that fits the given communication model.

Linear Model Transaction Model Interactive Model

o It is mostly used for new media like the internet where people can respond to any
mass communications like videos, news, etc.

o It is used for interpersonal communication in which sender and receiver

interchange roles.

o It is a one-way communication that is used for mass communication and

feedback is not present.

Independent Assessment 1

Direction. Write COMMUNICATION if the statement is true and MODEL, if not.

_____________1. In linear model of communication, feedback is present.

_____________2. The concept of noise is present in the Shannon-Weaver model.
_____________3.The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model.
_____________4. Linear model gives sender and receiver equally important role in
communication.
_____________5. In Barnlund’s model, both sender and receiver must understand
the code sent by the other.
_____________6. Transactional model of communication is the exchange of
messages between sender and receiver.
_____________7. Coding and decoding are the two essential processes of an
effective communication in Schramm’s model.
________________8. Helical model introduces the concept of space where
continuousness of the communication process takes place.
_____________9. Interactive model deals with exchange of ideas and messages
taking place both ways from sender to receiver and vice versa.
____________10. Transactional model is used for new media where people can
respond to any mass communications like videos, news, etc.
Independent Activity 2
Direction. Write relevant words about the word MODEL based on what you have
learned in this topic.

Independent Assessment 2
Direction. Identify what model of communication is being described. Fill the
missing letters to get the correct answer in each item.

S_ a n_ _n W_ _v _r 1. It depicts communication as a linear or one-way process

consisting of five elements.
L_ s s w_ l_ 2. It was developed to analyze mass communication and is
used for interpersonal or group communication.
I_ t_ r_ c_ _v_ 3. It is similar to transactional model as they are both two
way communication model.
T_ a_ s_ c t_ o_ al 4. Sending and receiving of messages happens
simultaneously between people.
M_s a_ c 5. It describes the randomness of the origin of messages
and communication as a dynamic process.

Independent Activity 3
Direction. Expound using your own words the general types of communication
models. Write your answer inside each bookmark.

Linear Model Transactional Model Interactive Model

Independent Assessment 3
Direction. Create a specific example that shows how this model illustrates the
various elements of communication.

Speaker Message Channel Receiver

Speaker:

Message:

Channel:

Receiver:

What I Have Learned

Direction. Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by
completing the chart below in 2-3 sentences

What were your I thought…

thoughts or ideas
about the various
Models of
Communication prior
to the discussion of
the lesson?

What new or additional I learned that…

ideas did you learn after
taking up this lesson?

How are you going to

apply the things you have I am going to…
learned about the various
models of
communication?
 What I Can Do

Direction. Illustrate a scenario that depicts your chosen model of communication.

What are the possible solutions to address the problem?

Assessment

Direction. Read and answer each item. Write the letter of the best answer in
your notebook.

1. It is a one-way communication model where the message flows in a straight line

from sender to the receiver.
A. Convergence C. Linear
B. Interactive D. Transactional
2. What is missing in a linear communication model?
A. Barrier C. Message
B. Feedback D. Receiver
3. It is known as the mother of all communication models, that depicts
communication as a linear or one-way process.
A. Helical Model C. Schramm’s Interactive Model
B. Mosaic Model D. Shannon-Weaver Model
4. It is used for new media like internet where people can respond to any mass
communications like videos, news, etc.
A. Interactive model C. Shannon-Weaver Model
B. Linear Model D. Transactional Model
5. It introduces the concept of time where continuousness of the communication
process and relational interactions are very important.
A. Aristotle Model C. Mosaic Model
B. Helical Model D. Shannon-Weaver Model
6. The concept of _______ is present in the Shannon-Weaver model.
A. Audience C. Information
B. Control D. Noise
7. How many elements are present in Aristotle model of communication?
A. 3 C. 5
B. 4 D. 7
8. What is the other name for Interactive Model of Communication?
A. Convergence C. Resurgence
B. Divergence D. Vengeance
9. The Transactional Model was proposed by __________.
A. Aristotle C. Helic
B. Barnlund D. Schramm
10. The acronym S-M-C-R stands for_________________.
A. Sender-Message-Channel- C. Sender-Message-Channel-
Receiver Reviewer
B. Sender-Message-Context- D. Sender-Mosaic-Choice-
Receiver Receiver

Additional Activities

Direction. Choose one and use Venn diagram to show your comparison.

A. Compare Linear Model and Transactional Model of Communication

B. Compare Transactional Model and Interactive Model of Communication
C. Compare Linear and Interactive Model of Communication.
What I Know What’s New Independent Assessment 2
1.Linear Model Answers may vary 1. Shannon Weaver
2. Lasswell’s Model What's More 2. Lasswell
3. Models Independent Activity 1 3. Interactive
4. Non-verbal Linear Model 4. Transactional
5. Speaker It is a one way communication that 5. Mosaic
6. Interactive Model is used for mass communication Independent Activity 3
7. Encoding and feedback is not present. Answers may vary
8.Transactional Model Transactional Model Independent Assessment 3
9. Decoding It is used for interpersonal Answers may vary
communication in which sender and
10.Field of Experience
receiver interchange roles.
What’s In What I Have Learned
Interactive Model
Definition Answer may vary
It is mostly used for new media like
1. Answer may vary internet where people can respond
Process to any mass communications like What I Can Do
1. generating videos, news, etc. Answer may vary
2. encoding Independent Assessment 1
3. receiving 1. Model Assessment
4. decoding 2. Communication 1.C 6.D
5. providing feedback
3. Communication 2.B 7.C
Elements
1. Speaker 4. Model 3.D 8.A
2. Message 5. Communication 4.A 9.B
3. Encoding 6. Communication 5.B 10.A
4. Channel 7. Communication
5. Decoding 8. Model Additional Activities
6. Receiver 9. Communication
Answer may vary
7. Feedback 10.Model
8. Context Independent Activity 2
9. Barrier Answers may vary
Answer Key
References

Businesstopia. “Models of Communication.” February 4, 2018. Accessed July 1, 2020.

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication.

Prachi Juneja, “Communication Models. Management Study Guide Content Team. Accessed July 1,
2020. https://www.managementstudyguide.com/communication-models.htm

Sipacio, P. and Balgos, A., 2016. Oral Communication In Context Textbook. Quezon City: C
& E Publishing, Inc., pp.5-9.

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/effective_communication/effective_communication_models.ht
m#:~:text=Communication%20models%20help%20identify%20and,plan%20for%20effective
%20communication%20system.