Group # 1

Names: Roi Vincent Villaraiz

Andrea Nicole Gweyneth Abella
April Jane Espiritu
Rhea Bantillo
Sheila Besa
Course & Year: BEED -2nd Date Performed: 10/18/20
ACTIVITY 10
Human Sense Organ for Tasting: The Tongue and the Skin
Problem: Does the tongue have external or internal parts? How does the skin
as an organ differ from the tongue?

Study the illustration of the parts of the human tongue below.

Enumerate the parts as shown in the picture. Identify the function of each.
***Surf the Internet to find the answers.

Parts of the Tongue Functions

 The tongue root is the part at the far
back and bottom of the tongue,
forming the front wall of the pharynx.
1.Root of tongue It can really only do a couple of
interesting things:
 push forwards, thereby
expanding the pharynx.

 pull backwards, thereby

constricting the pharynx.
2.Foliate papillae The foliate papillae are involved in the
sensations of taste and have taste
buds embedded in their surfaces. The
foliate papillae are clustered into two
groups positioned on each side of the
tongue, just in front of the V of the
vallate papillae. Their name is
descriptive, with each of these papillae
having an elongated fold that looks
like a leaf seen edge-on.
3.Vallate papillae The vallate papillae carry taste buds.
The inferior surface of the tongue in
the midline has the frenulum of the
tongue. On either side of the frenulum
the deep vein of the tongue can be
seen and also the openings of the
ducts of the submandibular glands
4.Median sulcus of tongue The median sulcus of the tongue
separates the body into left and right
halves. The terminal sulcus, or groove,
is a V-shaped furrow that separates
the body from the base of the tongue
5.Apex of tongue It is useful for sensing or probing and
mainly helps in gustatory perception.
the function of lingual tonsils is to prevent
infections. These tonsils contain B and T
lymphocytes which get activated when
harmful bacteria and viruses come in
6.Lingual tonsil
contact with tonsils.

7.Foramen cecum of tongue foramen cecum of the tongue is a

depression at the posterior part of the
tongue and give rise to the very
 important structure and the first
endocrine gland, that is the thyroid
gland
8.Terminal sulcus of tongue The terminal sulcus is a shallow
groove that runs forward as a shallow
groove in a V shape from the foramen
cecum, forwards and outwards to the
margins (borders) of the tongue
9.Epiglottis The main function of the epiglottis is
to seal off the windpipe during eating,
so that food is not accidentally
inhaled. The epiglottis also helps with
some aspects of sound production in
certain languages.

10.Epiglottic vallecula The epiglottic vallecula is a depression

just behind the root of the tongue
between the medial and lateral glosso-
epiglottic folds in the throat.

Step 4: Enumerate the different ways of taking care of your tongue.

Answers:
1. BRUSH YOUR TONGUE REGULARLY - Whenever you brush your teeth, it is
important to remember to also brush your tongue. Using a small amount of
toothpaste on your toothbrush, gently brush from the back of the mouth toward
the front, using a downward motion. This will help get rid of the odor-causing
bacteria in your mouth. But be aware that using too much pressure could
cause damage to your tongue, so as we mentioned previously, brush gently.
Finish by rinsing with water or a warm saline solution to wash the harmful
bacteria off your tongue.

2. USE A TONGUE SCRAPER - A tongue scraper allows you to clean your tongue
even more thoroughly than a toothbrush. This tool is made from a flexible, soft
plastic. It allows you to lightly scrape away the mucus layer and bacteria
growing on your tongue that can cause bad breath. Be sure to wash the scraper
 under warm water to remove the bacteria each time you use it. If you find that
the scraper causes soreness, try using less pressure.

3. PAY ATTENTION TO THE COLOR OF YOUR TONGUE - The color of your tongue
can tell you a lot about the health of your mouth. A healthy tongue should be
light pink and might have a slight white coating. However, a thick white coating
can indicate dehydration or even a fungal infection called thrush. A pale tongue
could point to a vitamin deficiency. A bright red tongue on the other hand,
could mean something more serious is going on like an infection or a blood or
heart disorder. So if you notice any unusual color changes in your tongue, be
sure to schedule an appointment with us so we can take a look.

THE SKIN

Parts of the Skin Functions

1.Sweat pore Sweat pores work in much the same
way. These pores allow for sweat to
travel from the sudoriferous glands
(sweat glands) to the surface of the
skin.
2.Hair shaft Each hair root is connected to a
smooth muscle called the arrector pili
that contracts in response to nerve
signals from the sympathetic nervous
system, making the external hair shaft
“stand up.” The primary purpose for
this is to trap a layer of air to add
insulation.
3.Arrector pili muscle This is a tiny muscle that attaches to
the base of a hair follicle at one end
and to dermal tissue on the other end.
In order to generate heat when the
body is cold, the arrector pili muscles
contract all at once, causing the hair
to "stand up straight" on the skin.
4.Sebaceous gland Sebaceous gland, small oil-producing
gland present in the skin of mammals.
Sebaceous glands are usually attached
to hair follicles and release a fatty
substance, sebum, into the follicular
duct and thence to the surface of the
skin. The glands are distributed over
the entire body with the exception of
the palms of the hands and the soles
of the feet, they are most abundant on
the scalp and face.
5.Pacinian corpuscle Pacinian corpuscles) respond only to
mechanical deformation. A Pacinian
corpuscle is an onion-shaped
structure of nonneural (connective)
tissue built up around the nerve
ending that reduces the mechanical
sensitivity of the nerve terminal itself.
6.Stratum corneum The stratum corneum (SC), the skin's
outermost layer and interface with the
outside world is now well recognized
 as the barrier that prevents unwanted
materials from entering, and excessive
loss of water from exiting the body.
7.Pigment layer The basal cell layer contains cells
called melanocytes. Melanocytes
produce the skin coloring or pigment
known as melanin, which gives skin
its tan or brown color and helps
protect the deeper layers of the skin
from the harmful effects of the sun.
8.Stratum basale The two primary functions of the
stratum basale are 1) proliferation and
2) attachment of the epidermis to the
dermis. Cells of the stratum basale
essentially represent germinal cells
(“brick generators”) responsible for the
generation of all cells of the epidermis.
9.Dermal papilla You should notice that the dermis
extends up into the epidermis in
structures called dermal papillae.
These have two functions. First, they
help adhesion between the dermal and
epidermal layers. Second, in areas of
thick skin like this, they provide a
large surface area, to nourish the
epidermal layer.
10.Meissner's corpuscle Function. Meissner corpuscles consist
of a cutaneous nerve ending
responsible for transmitting the
sensations of fine, discriminative
touch and vibration[1]. Meissner
corpuscles are most sensitive to low-
frequency vibrations between 10 to 50
Hertz and can respond to skin
indentations of less than 10
micrometers

Step 4: Enumerate the different ways of taking care of your skin.

Answers:
1. Protect yourself from the sun - One of the most important ways to take
care of your skin is to protect it from the sun. A lifetime of sun exposure
can cause wrinkles, age spots and other skin problems as well as
increase the risk of skin cancer.

2. Treat your skin gently - Daily cleansing and shaving can take a toll on
your skin. To keep it gentle you need to Limit bath time, Avoid strong
soaps, Shave carefully, Pat dry and Moisturize dry skin.

3. Manage stress - Uncontrolled stress can make your skin more sensitive
and trigger acne breakouts and other skin problems. To encourage
healthy skin and a healthy state of mind take steps to manage your
stress. Get enough sleep, set reasonable limits, scale back your to-do list
and make time to do the things you enjoy. The results might be more
dramatic than you expect.