FINAL PETROPHYSICAL REPORT

WNPOC
WHITE NILE (5B) PETROLEUM OPERATING COMPANY

Hosan-1
Final
Petrophysical
Report
March 2005

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................4

2 DATA AVAILABILITY.....................................................................................4

2.1 Open Hole Wireline Log Data............................................................................ 4

2.2 Core Data............................................................................................................ 4

2.3 Wireline Static Pressure Data & Fluid Samples............................................... 4

3 PETROPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION.........................................................5

3.1 Petrophysical Zone Analysis............................................................................. 5

3.2 Determination of Petrophysical Properties...................................................... 5

3.3 Porosity Model................................................................................................... 7

3.4 Saturation Model................................................................................................ 7

4 NET PAY DETERMINATION..........................................................................8

5 PETROPHYSICAL RESULTS........................................................................8

6 DISCUSSIONS................................................................................................8

7 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION........................................................9

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Net Pay Cutoff Determination

Figure 6.1 Lower Dinder-2 Log Analysis
Figure 6.2 Overall RFT Pressure Plot
Figure 6.3 RFT Pressure Plot across Dinder-2 reservoir
Figure 6.4 DSI Study: Vp/Vs – DTCO crossplot
Figure 6.5 Dinder-3 Log Analysis
Figure 6.6 Blue Nile Log Analysis

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Wireline Logging Programme

Table 2.3.1 RFT Result Summary in 12-1/4” hole
Table 2.3.2 RFT Result Summary in 8-1/2” hole
Table 5.1 Petrophysical Result Summary

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1 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this study is to evaluate the reservoir petrophysical parameters by

using all available formation data to-date for volumetric assessment of the Hosan-
1 well. Formation data consist of wireline log data, static pressure (RFT), fluid
samples, and mudlogs. The log derived petrophysical evaluation was carried out
using GeoFrame Petroview Plus.

Hosan-1 well was spudded by WNPOC in 1st December, 2005. It is located about
12.7 km NE of Dinder-1 well, Block 8. It penetrated reservoir formation of
Dinder-1, Dinder-2, Dinder-3 and Blue Nile groups. It was drilled and reached
the final depth of 2911 m-RTE on 23rd January, 2005. A total net gas sand (NGS)
of 15.4m was encountered in Lower Dinder-2 formation. A gas gradient of
0.053 psi/ft is established across the depth interval between 1510 to 1530 m-RTE.
A RFT gas sample at 1518 m-RTE confirmed the presence of gas. No DST test is
conducted due to small gas reserve. Hosan-1 well was suspended on 7th February,
2005 as non-commercial gas discovery well

2 DATA AVAILABILITY

2.1 Open Hole Wireline Log Data

The open hole wireline log data acquired was generally good to fair.
Table 2.1 shows a list of the wireline log programs undertaken at Hosan-1 well.

2.2 Core Data

No conventional core was taken in Hosan-1.

2.3 Wireline Static Pressure Data & Fluid Samples

The objectives are to identify reservoir fluid types and contact through pressure
and fluid samples. Results from pressure data obtained from Hosan-1 are
tabulated in Table 2.3.1 and Table 2.3.2.

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3 PETROPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION

3.1 Petrophysical Zone Analysis

Compaction and overburden effect tends to increase the formation density with
increasing depth. Based on the density data recorded from the log, four
petrophysical zones, which are Dinder-1, Dinder-2, Dinder-3 and Blue Nile, were
determined. In each zone, petrophysical parameters will be estimated and one of
them is volume of clay bound water. The volume was calculated by estimating
two clay parameters, dry clay point and wet clay point. The equation is as
follow:-

WCLP = matrix (dry clay point) - shale (log)

matrix (dry clay point) - fluid

where: WCLP = Wet Clay Point

The matrix of shale is obtained from Thar Jath routine core data and the average
shale density is estimated from each zone. The following table summarizes both
clay parameters for Hosan-1 well.

Matrix of Matrix of Wet Clay Clay Bound

Zone Quartz Shale Dry Clay Point Water Porosity
Point (%)
(RHOB,NPHI) (RHOB,NPHI) (RHOB,NPHI)
Dinder-1 2.65, -0.07 2.70, 0.21 2.45, 0.41 15
Dinder-2 2.65, -0.07 2.70, 0.21 2.55, 0.41 12
Dinder-3 2.65, -0.07 2.70, 0.21 2.56, 0.39 10
Blue Nile 2.65, -0.07 2.70, 0.21 2.60, 0.35 7

3.2 Determination of Petrophysical Properties

3.2.1 Tortuosity Constant (a), Cementation Exponent (m) and Saturation

Exponent (n)

No conventional core was taken in Hosan-1 well. Therefore, the petrophysical

properties of a, m and n are assumed to value of 1, 2 and 2 respectively.

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3.2.2 Formation Water Resistivity, Rw

Rwa at the clean part of a sand interval is taken to be the Rw. Archie equation is
applied to estimate the Rwa as follow:

Rwa = Ro x t m
Where
Ro is the true resistivity in the water sand
m is the cementation factor,
t is the total porosity (e = t in clean sand)

In shaly sand formation, Archie gives pessimistic Sw, but Dual Water model
gives an optimistic Sw. Using Cwa vs Vcl/t plot, the Rw value is determined.

Vcl  1  Vcl
Cwa  Cw  m    m   Cw   Clay   Cwb  Cw 
t   t  Rt  t

Where;
Cwa = apparent water conductivity
Cw = water conductivity of water bearing zone = 1/Rw
Cwb = bound water conductivity
Vcl = volume of clay
clay is the wet clay porosity in fraction of the bulk rock volume

The following table summarizes the values of Rwa for each reservoir sand based
on the above plots:-

HOSAN-1
Zone Rw Temperature Salinity
(ohm-m) ( C) (kppm)
Dinder-1 0.39 51 9
Dinder-2 0.20 65 15
Dinder-3 0.33 76 7.5
Blue Nile 0.28 93 7.5

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3.2.3 Shale Volume Indicator

Gamma -Ray curve and Density Neutron cross-plot were used to calculate the
shale volume using minimum value averaging. The equations of shale volume are:

a) For Gamma-Ray :

Vcl = ( GR - Grclean ) / ( Grshale - Grclean)

Where, Vcl = Volume of shale
GR = Gamma ray from the log
GRclean = Gamma ray minimum (Clean Sand)
GRmax = Gamma ray maximum , (100 % shale)

b) Density Neutron Logs:

Volume of Clay determined from Sand - Silt - Wet clay triangle:

Vcl = Distance from Clean Line ,

Distance of Wet Clay point from Clean Line

3.3 Porosity Model

The effective porosity (Фe) is determined from the following equations;

Фe = ФD-Ncrossplot - (Vclay * WCLP)

Where ФD-Ncrossplot is determined from the constant porosity contours on the

density-neutron crossplots. WCLP is the wet dry points.

3.4 Saturation Method

Dual Water equation was used to determine the water saturation. The Dual Water
equation as follows;
 m  Rt  Swb  Rw 
Swt  n  t  1    1
Rw  Swt  Rt 
Where;
Swt = total water saturation
Swb = bound water saturation
n = saturation exponent; assumption=2
m = cementation factor; assumption=2
Rw = free water resistivity; ohm-m
Rt = formation true resistivity; ohm-m
t = total porosity; pu

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4 NET PAY DETERMINATION

To determine the optimum cut-offs for Vcl, Phit and Swt, sensitivity analyses
were carried out by plotting computed hydrocarbon-pore-volume values versus
each cut-off parameter and the optimum cut-off values are read off directly from
the plot. This is done based on Hosan-1 well, as shown in Figure 4. Then, these
cut-off values were applied to obtain the net sand and net pay results. The results
of sensitivity analysis are as shown in the following table:

Category Cut-off Parameter

VCL PHIT SWT
Net Sand < 50 % > 10 % -
Net Pay < 50 % > 10 % < 100 %

5 PETROPHYSICAL RESULTS

The petrophysical results for individual wells are summarized in Table 5.1 with
the geological unit top and base delineated by the geologist.

6 DISCUSSIONS

Based on the petrophysical analysis, only 15.4 m of net gas sand (NGS) are
determined at depth interval between 1500 to 1530m-RTE in the Lower Dinder-2
reservoir. An estimated porosity and water saturation of 17.3% and 59.8% are
determined respectively in this gas zone. Refer to Figure 6.1. During mud
logging, no significant oil show was listed. Only high gas reading was recorded
at depth interval between 1510 to 1530m-RTE with 9.62% total background gas
reading. This gas presence is supported by the pressure data which show a gas
gradient of 0.053 psi/ft in Figure 6.2. A RFT gas sample was taken at depth
1518m-RTE. The gas sample contents a high combination of C1 and C2 gas
composition (almost 80%) , which concluded the reservoir is a dry gas.

No significant fluid contact was found from log analysis in the depth interval
1500 to 1600m-RTE. A 2m thin shale at depth 1529m-RTE separated the gas
zone and underlying water zones at depth interval between 1530 to 1580m-RTE.
Based on Figure 6.3, the RFT pressure plot showed that possible gas-water-
contact (GWC) can be determined at 1530.6m-RTE if both gas & water zones are
in one-fluid reservoir system.

A DSI (Dipole Sonic Imager) study has been conducted by Schlumberger on this
Hosan-1 well. Sonic logs i.e. shear & compressional data are analysed on the
Vp/Vs versus DTCO crossplots. By using Glassman model on the Vp/Vs-DTCO
crossplot, gas bearing zone clearly differentiate from liquid field formation.

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Based on Figure 6.4, the crossplot confirmed the presence of gas in depth interval
between 1510 to 1525m-RTE.

Dinder-1 and Upper Dinder-2 are mostly sandstone wet reservoirs. Water bearing
zones are confirmed by the RFT pressure plots in Figure 6.3. Their porosity
ranges between 14.5% and 23.8%.

Both Dinder-3 and Blue Nile reservoirs are dominated by shale with thin
lamination of sandstones. These thin sandstones are mostly low porosity with
porosity ranges between 8.3% to 15.6%. The tight formations have been
confirmed by the RFT pressure results, where all pretest points are either tight or
seal failure. Only one thin sandstone at depth 2036m-RTE is expected as possible
gas zone. Refer to Figures 6.5 and 6.6.

7 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

This study has been intended to provide a detailed petrophysical evaluation of

Hosan-1 well. The results of this study are available as input for volumetric
calculations.

Because of tight and shaly reservoirs in Dinder-3 and Blue Nile formation, the
RFT tool could not provide any single valid pressure point in these formations. It
is recommended to utilize the MDT Dual Packer with bigger probe size for taking
pressure test. Additional MDT tools such as the Pump-Out (PO) and Optical
Fluid Analysis (OFA) tools are highly recommended for the on-site fluid
determination purpose. It is better to get the “clean” fluid sample that can be
analysed, than the RFT sample which usually recovered mud drilling fluid.

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