Musculoskeletal and

Connective tissue

BY SARAFINA DENIS
 Definition of musculoskeletal and connective
tissue.
 Functions of the organs
 Diseases and condition of the organ
 Diagnostic procedures
 Treatment
 musculoskeletal system includes bones,
muscles, tendons, ligaments and soft tissues.
They work together to support your body’s
weight and help you move. Injuries, disease
and aging can cause pain, stiffness and other
problems with movement and function. You
can keep your musculoskeletal system strong
by managing your overall health.
 The musculoskeletal system provides form,
stability, and movement to the human body. It
consists of the body's bones (which make up the
skeleton), muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints,
cartilage, and other connective tissue. The term
"connective tissue" is used to describe the tissue
that supports and binds tissues and organs
together. Its chief components are collagen and
elastic fibers, which are composed of different
proteins.
 Connective tissue, group of tissues in the
body that maintain the form of the body and
its organs and provide cohesion and internal
support. The connective tissues include
several types of fibrous tissue that vary only
in their density and cellularity, as well as the
more specialized and recognizable variants—
bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage,
and adipose (fat) tissue.
 Muscles: Movement production, joint
stabilization, maintaining posture, body heat
production

 Bones: Mechanical basis for movements,

providing framework for the body, vital
organs protection, blood cells production,
storage of minerals
Functions of the Musculoskeletal System
 Support and protect the
 body and its organs.
 Provide motion.
 Tendons.
 Ligaments.
 Fascia.
 Cartilage.
 Bone.
 Muscle.
 Joints - allow motion bet
 ween body segments.
Connective Tissues
➢ Cells.
➢ Extracellular matrix:
Fibers:
 ‹Collagen
 Elastin
Connective Tissue Cells
 Fibroblasts - cells producing the matrix for skin,
tendons and ligaments.
 Chrondrocytes - cells producing the matrix for
cartilage.
 Osteocytes - cells producing the matrix for bone.
The hereditary (genetic) connective tissue
diseases include:
 Marfan syndrome.
 Osteogenesis imperfecta
 rheumatoid arthritis
 OI is an inherited (genetic) bone disorder that
is present at birth. It is also known as brittle
bone disease. A child born with OI may have
soft bones that break (fracture) easily, bones
that are not formed normally.
FUNCTION
 A genetic disorder that prevents the body
from building strong bones.
 (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause
joint pain and damage throughout your body.
The joint damage that RA causes usually
happens on both sides of the body. So, if a
joint is affected in one of your arms or legs,
the same joint in the other arm or leg will
probably be affected.
 FUNCTION
 Marfan syndrome is a genetic
mutation causes a defect in the production of
fibrillin, a protein found in connective tissue.
This is found in the skeleton, heart, and eyes.
 Tall, lanky frame and they have fingers that
are long and may be described as spiderlike.
MUSCULOSKELTAL
Work-related Risk Factors
 High task repetition.
 Forceful exertions.
 Repetitive or sustained awkward postures.
 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Tendonitis
 Ligament Sprain
 Tension Neck Syndrome
R.I.C.E. method
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

This method helps decrease inflammation and

swelling and bring temporary pain relief.
How is musculoskeletal pain treated?
• Acupuncture.
• Chiropractic adjustment.
• Occupational therapy.
• Pain relievers.
• Physical therapy.
• Splints.
• Steroid injections.
• Therapeutic massage
 Patients medical history
 The results of a physical examination
(Eg.heat, swelling, and pain on manual
palpation)
 Laboratory tests
 Imaging test:
Radiography, ultrasonography, MRI, CT, nucl
ear imaging, and thermography.
 Corticosteroids: These medications help prevent the immune
system from attacking your cells and prevent inflammation.
 Immunomodulators: These medications benefit the immune
system.
 Antimalarial drugs: Antimalarials can help when symptoms are
mild, they can also prevent flare-ups.
 Calcium channel blockers: These medications help to relax the
muscles in the walls of the blood vessels.
 Methotrexate. This medication helps control symptoms of
rheumatoid arthritis.
 Pulmonary hypertension medications. These medications open
the blood vessels in the lungs affected by autoimmune
inflammation, allowing blood to flow more easily.
 Imaging tests, such as X-rays and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
 Tests for markers of inflammation, such as C-
reactive protein and Erythrocyte sedimentation
rate (ESR).
 Tests for antibodies, especially for autoimmune
conditions.
 Tests for dry eyes or dry mouth.
 Blood and urine tests.
 Tissue biopsy.