1. Enumerate the hamstring muscles and what are their actions.

1. Answer
 semitendinosus : Chief flexor of knee and medial rotator of leg
with semi flexed knee
 semimembranosus : Chief flexor of knee and medial rotator of leg
with semi flexed knee
 bicep femoris (2 heads) : Chief flexor of knee and lateral rotator of semi
flexed knee
 adductor magnus ischial head: flexion of knee and extension of hip

2. What is the origin, insertion of bicep femoris & semimembranosus muscles

1. Long head: origin at upper part of ischial tuberosity.

Short head origins at lateral lip of linea aspera.
insertion at head of the fibula and tendon is folded around by fibular
collateral ligament.

Semitendinosus: origin from upper part of ischial tuberosity, inserts to

the groove present posteriorly to the medial condyle of tibia.
3. How sciatic nerve is formed?

Sciatic nerve is the LARGEST branch of sacral plexus.

Thickest nerve of the body.
Its root value is L4, L5, S1, S2, S3.
It begins at pelvis and terminates at the superior angle of popliteal fossa
divides into tibial and common peroneal nerves.
4. What is the course of sciatic nerve? Give points for surface marking

course of sciatic nerve in the pelvis in front of piriformis then enters

gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen then into the thigh.
(relations parhlena)
5. What are the terminal branches of sciatic nerve

tibial and common peroneal nerves

6. Which muscles are supplied by sciatic nerve

all hamstrings muscles at back of the thigh.

7. Which structures form boundaries of popliteal fossa

boundaries of popliteal fossa superolaterally: biceps femoris

superomedially : semitendinosus and semimembranosus
inferolaterally : lateral head of gastrocnemius
inferomedially : medial head of gastrocnemius
8. Which structures form roof & floor of popliteal fossa

floor formed by. popliteal surface of femur

fascia covering the popliteus
knee joint capsule
oblique popliteal ligament
roof: popliteal fascia
9. What are the contents of popliteal fossa

popliteal art, vein, tibial nerve, common p.nerves, post cuta nerve, genicular
branch of obt nerve, popliteal lymph nodes and fat pads
10. Define popliteal artery & what is its extent

popliteal artery cont of femoral art, begins at opening of adductor magnus at

adductor hiatus and at lower border of popliteus it terminates into anterior
and posterior tibial art.
11. What are the branches of popliteal artery

5 genicular branches and upper and lower muscular branches

12. What are the articulation of hip joint & give its type

head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis, synovial ball and socket joint

13. Enumerate the ligaments of hip joint & attachment of its capsule

iliofemoral ligament,
pubofemoral,
ischiofemoral,
transverse acetabular,
ligamentum teres.
capsule is attached medially by acetabulum and laterally by the
intertrochanteric line in front of the neck of femur.
14. What are the muscles producing flexion, extension, medial rotation and
lateral rotation at hip joint?

page # 150 12.1 table

15. What is the nerve supply of the hip joint

sciatic, obturator, femoral, nerve to quadratus femoris.

16. Which arteries take part in the formation of trochanteric anastomosis?

inferior gluteal artery, inferior div of deep branch of superior gluteal artery,
ascending branch of lateral and medial circumflex femoral artery.
17. What are the branches of Tibial & common peroneal nerve in popliteal
fossa

tibial nerve branches are

 superior medial genicular
 middle genicular nerve
 inferior medial genicular nerve
 cutaneous sural nerve
 muscular branch

common peroneal nerve branches are

 superior lateral genicular nerve
 inferior lateral genicular nerve
 lateral cutaneous nerve of calf
 sural communicating nerve
18. Describe general features, articulation and type of knee joint

It is the largest most complicated and weight bearing joint of the body with 12
bursas. it is a synovial joint of modified hinge variety/condylar synovial joint. it
has 3 articulations 2 condylar joints between medial and lateral condyles of
femur and tibia and 1 saddle joint b/w femur and patella.

19. What are the movements of

the knee joint and the muscles
producing them
20. What is difference between medial & lateral menisci? Which one is injured

The medial meniscus is more commonly injured because it is firmly

attached to the medial collateral ligament and joint capsule.

21. What is conjunct rotation in knee joint

Conjunct rotation of knee is lateral rotation occurs by ligaments during knee

flexion or ext.

22. What is adjuvant rotation in knee joint

Independent rotation in partially flexed knee

23. What is the attachment of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?

ACL attached on ant intercondylar line of tibia and moves laterally upwards
and backwards attached to the medial surface of lateral femoral condyle.
PCL attached on the post intercondylar line of tibia and moves upward forward
and medially attach on lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
24. What are the functions of cruciate ligaments during movements on slope
surface?

The anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia

relative to the femur
The posterior cruciate ligament restricts posterior displacement.
25. Explain the locking and unlocking mechanism of the knee joint.

books ya slides
26. Define: a) knee angle b) genu Varum c) genu valgus.

Knee angle formed between the axes of tibia and femur, obtuse angle and
range is 170-175 ‘opens laterally
Genu varum is the basically inc in this valgus angle of knee exceeds 180
Genu valgum is when the valgus angle of knee is less than 165 indicates the
presence of deformity

27. Which arteries take part in anastomosis around the knee joint?

most imp are 5 genicular arteries superior medial, superior lateral, middle,
inferior lateral, inferior medial.
descending genicular branch of femoral artery
descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
2 recurrent branch of ant tibial arteries
circumflex fibular branch of posterior tibial artery