NAME : SUJIT RAJBHAR

ROLL NO : 81
DIV : A
UID : 120CP1206A
ESSAY ON ENGINEER’S DAY
• What is Al?
In traditional terms, artificial intelligence or AI is simply an
algorithm, code, or technique that enables machines to
mimic, develop, and demonstrate human cognition or
behavior. In the business world, AI is a real life data
product capable of carrying out set tasks and solving
problems roughly the same as humans do. The functions
of AI systems encompass learning, planning, reasoning,
decision making, and problem-solving.

The thing is, AI is too broad to be defined accurately and

unambiguously.
“Google, Facebook. Apple, Microsoft are all moving ahead
at great speed in
improving their artificial
intelligence software […]
artificial intelligence is
going to be extremely
helpful and the risk that
it gets super smart,
that’s way out in the
future.”

• What is machine learning?

Machine learning is a set of methods, tools, and computer
algorithms used to train machines to analyze, understand,
and find hidden patterns in data and make predictions.
The eventual goal of machine learning is to utilize data for
self-learning, eliminating the need to program machines in
an explicit manner. Once trained on datasets, machines
can apply memorized patterns on new data and as such
make better predictions.

Machine learning can be of different types:

In supervised learning, machines are trained to find

solutions to a given problem with assistance from humans
who collect and label data and then “feed” it to systems. A
machine is told which data characteristics to look at, so it
can determine patterns, put objects into corresponding
classes, and evaluate whether their prediction is right or
wrong.

In unsupervised learning, machines learn to recognize

patterns and trends in unlabeled training data without
being supervised by users.

In semi-supervised learning, models are trained with a

small volume of labeled data and a much bigger volume of
unlabeled data, making use of both supervised and
unsupervised learning.
• What is deep learning?
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, but it is
advanced with complex neural networks, originally
inspired by biological neural networks in human brains.
Neural networks contain nodes in different
interconnected layers that communicate with each other
to make sense of voluminous input data.

There are various types of neural networks such as

convolutional neural networks, recursive neural
networks, and recurrent neural networks. A typical neural
network consists of the input layer, multiple hidden
layers, and the output layer that are piled up on top of
each other.

• What is data science?

Data Science is a broad field of study pertaining to data

systems and process, aimed at maintaining data sets and
drawing meaning out of them. “Data science is the study of
the generalizable extraction of knowledge from data”.
Data science is a constantly evolving scientific discipline
that aims at understanding data (both structured and
unstructured) and searching for insights it carries. Data
science takes advantage of big data and a wide array of
different studies, methods, technologies, and tools
including machine learning, AI, deep learning, and data
mining. This scientific field highly relies on data analysis,
statistics, mathematics, and programming as well as data
visualization and interpretation. Everything mentioned
helps data scientists make informed decisions based on
data and determine how to gain value and relevant
business insights from it.
For years, data science has been used effectively in different
industries to bring
innovations, optimize
strategic planning, and
enhance production
processes. Huge
enterprises and small
startups collect and then
analyze data to grow their
businesses and hence
increase revenue. The logic
here is simple ‒ the more
data you can collect and
process, the greater the
chance for you to draw
 meaningful insights from
that data.
• HOW ARE THEY RELEATED TO EACH OTHER :
Artificial Intelligence and data science are a wide field of
applications, systems and more that aim at replicating
human intelligence through machines. Artificial
Intelligence represents an action planned feedback of
perception.

Perception > Planning > Action > Feedback of

Perception
Data Science uses different parts of this pattern or loop
to solve specific problems. For instance, in the first step,
i.e. Perception, data scientists try to identify patterns
with the help of the data. Similarly, in the next step, i.e.
planning, there are two aspects:

 Finding all possible solutions

 Finding the best solution among all solutions
Data science creates a system that interrelates both the
aforementioned points and helps businesses move
forward.

Although it’s possible to explain machine learning by

taking it as a standalone subject, it can best be
understood in the context of its environment, i.e., the
system it’s used within.

Simply put, machine learning is the link that connects

Data Science and AI. That is because it’s the process of
learning from data over time. So, AI is the tool that helps
data science get results and solutions for specific
problems. However, machine learning is what helps in
achieving that goal. A real-life example of this is
Google’s Search Engine.

 Google’s search engine is a product of data

science
 It uses predictive analysis, a system used by
artificial intelligence, to deliver intelligent results
to the users
 For instance, if a person types “best jackets in
NY” on Google’s search engine, then the AI
collects this information through machine
learning
 Now, as soon as the person writes these two
words in the search tool “best place to buy,” the
AI kicks in, and with predictive analysis completes
the sentence as “best place to buy jackets in NY”
which is the most probable suffix to the query that
the user had in mind.
• HOW ARE THEY DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER :
In this new era of technology, companies and
developers around the world are talking about
embracing artificial intelligence (AI), machine
learning (ML), and deep learning (DL).All these
acronyms are often loosely used in the field of
Technology. It is important to understand that
all these acronyms are part of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) umbrella .
 Data science can be seen as an umbrella for all the
disciplines used to make sense out of huge volumes
of data. Data science research is the foundation for
building smart AI products whether they are ML-
based or DL-based.
 AI is about creating a functional data product that
can solve set tasks by itself, which remotely
resembles human problem-solving.
 Machine learning falls within an AI system that can
self-learn based on algorithms and previously
learned patterns.
 Deep learning is a kind of machine learning but this
approach uses neural networks for making
predictions based on processed data.
 Most AI work involves either ML or DL since the so-
called “intelligent” behavior of machines requires
massive knowledge, which, in turn, requires data
science .
The data disciplines we have just described work
collaboratively. They already have a myriad of practical
applications in various spheres from management and
sales to healthcare and finance, and more innovations
and advances are yet to come.

Some of the popular tools that AI uses (i) Tensor flow (ii)
scikit learn (iii) keras. While ML uses (i) Amazon lex. (ii)
IBM Watson studio.(iii) Microsoft Azure ML studio. and
which are uses by data science. (i) SAS (ii) Tableav (iii)
Apoche spark (iv)MATLAB.
• Example of Artificial Intelligence (AI):-

Examples of artificial intelligence (AI) in pop culture usually

involve a pack of intelligent robots hell-bent on overthrowing the
human race, or at least a fancy theme park. Sentient machines
with general artificial intelligence don't yet exist, and they likely
won't exist anytime soon, so we're safe... for now.

 Manufacturing robots
 Self-driving cars
 Smart assistants
 Proactive healthcare management
 Disease mapping
• Example of Machine learning (ML) :-

1. Image recognition

 Label an x-ray as cancerous or not

 Assign a name to a photographed face (aka “tagging” on

social media)

2. Speech recognition

 Voice search

 Voice dialling

 Appliance control

3. Medical diagnosis

 Assisting in formulating a diagnosis or recommends a

treatment option

 Analyse bodily fluids

• Example of Deep learning (DL) :-

 Customer experience

 Translations
  Adding color to black-and-white images and videos

 Language recognition

 Autonomous vehicles

• Example of Data Science :-

 Identifying and predicting disease

 Personalized healthcare recommendations
 Optimizing shipping routes in real-time
 Stamping out tax fraud
 Automating digital ad placement

• Optimization Algorithms in Machine Learning(ML) :-

Optimization is the process where we train the model iteratively

that results in a maximum and minimum function evaluation. It is
one of the most important phenomena in Machine Learning to get
better results.

 Machine learning algorithms perform function approxima-

tion, which is solved using function optimization.
 Function optimization is the reason why we minimize error,
cost, or loss when fitting a machine learning algorithm.
 Optimization is also performed during data preparation, hy-
perparameter tuning,