Which Boats Require Registration?

Requirements for vessel registration vary from state to state. In Hawaii, you
must have a Hawaii Certificate of Number and registration stickers to operate
your vessel legally on waters of the state. The only exceptions are:

 Manually propelled recreational vessels

 Recreational vessels that are eight feet or less in length and propelled
solely by sail
 Vessels registered in other states or countries using Hawaii waters for
60 days or less
 Recreational vessels documented by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
 Vessels owned by the United States government
 A vessel’s lifeboat used solely for lifesaving purposes
 Motorboats used exclusively for racing
 Vessels with a valid temporary Certificate of Number
Glossary
waters of the state
Any waters within the jurisdiction of the state, the marginal seas
adjacent to the state, and the high seas when navigated while going to or
from state shorelines. This includes all coastal waters out to three
nautical miles and all interisland traffic.
Certificate of Number
The Certificate of Number and registration stickers are obtained by submitting
the proper application and fee to the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural
Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation (Hawaii
DLNR/DOBOR) or any authorized vessel registration agent.

Important
The Certificate of Number (pocket-sized registration card) must be on board
and available for inspection by an enforcement officer whenever the vessel is
being operated.
Displaying the Registration Number
and Registration Stickers

The registration number and registration stickers must be displayed as

follows.

 Number must be painted, applied as a decal, or otherwise affixed to both

sides of the forward half of the vessel, placed well above the waterline
where it may be read easily.
 Number must read from left to right on both sides of the vessel.
 Number must be in at least three-inch-high BLOCK letters.
 Number’s color must be uniform and must contrast with its background.
 Letters must be separated from the numbers by spaces or hyphens: HA
3717 ZW or HA-3717-ZW.
 No other numbers may be displayed on either side of the forward half of
the vessel.
 Sticker must be placed three inches behind the number (toward the
stern) and in line with the number on both sides of the vessel.

Personal watercraft also are required to display the registration number and
registration sticker.
Important
If your vessel requires registration, it is illegal to operate or allow others to
operate your vessel unless it is registered and numbered as described above.
Other Facts About Registering Your
Vessel
Here are some additional facts about registering your vessel.

 The Certificate of Number and registration stickers are valid for one
year. Registration may be renewed at any time within 90 days preceding
expiration.
 Owners of vessels who have applied for registration may operate the
vessel if they have a valid temporary certificate of number on board the
vessel.
 Owners must register their vessels and have proof of liability insurance
before they may obtain a mooring permit for a Hawaii DLNR facility.
 Owners of trailered vessels must pay an annual fee for a boat ramp
permit decal at the time of registration or renewal. This decal is required
before a vessel trailer may be operated at a state ramp. The boat ramp
permit decal must be affixed to each side of the forward end of the boat
trailer’s tongue.
 The owner of a numbered vessel must notify the Hawaii DLNR within
seven days if:
o He or she changes address or telephone number.
o The vessel is destroyed, abandoned, or sold.

 Vessels registered in another state may operate on Hawaii waters for 60

consecutive days before Hawaii registration is required.
 If you lose or destroy your Certificate of Number or sticker, you must
apply to the Hawaii DLNR for a duplicate within seven days and submit
a processing fee.
 Larger recreational vessels owned by U.S. citizens may (at the option of
the owner) be documented by the USCG. Call the USCG at 1-800-799-
8362 for more information.
Hull Identification Numbers
The Hull Identification Number (HIN) is a unique 12-digit number assigned
by the manufacturer to vessels built after 1972.

Hull Identification Numbers:

 Distinguish one vessel from another—the same as serial numbers

distinguish one car from another.
 Are engraved in the fiberglass or on a metal plate permanently attached
to the transom.
You should write down your HIN and put it in a place separate from your
vessel in case warranty problems arise or your vessel is stolen.

Important
According to Hawaii law, you must also place your HIN on your vessel in a
second hidden location that is known only to you.

No vessel manufactured after January 1, 1967, may be sold or offered for sale
in Hawaii unless it has an HIN.
If your vessel is homemade or does not have an HIN, the Hawaii DLNR may
assign you a number. This HIN must be permanently affixed to the vessel in
the place designated by the department.

Operator Age and Education

Requirements for Vessels
Hawaii law requires the following for vessel operators.

 All persons operating a power-driven vessel with a motor that is more

than 10 horsepower must complete a NASBLA–approved boater safety
education course and carry on board their certificate of completion. The
only exceptions are for persons who:
o Have a current merchant mariner credential issued by the
USCG or…
o Are operating a thrill craft in a commercial thrill craft zone or…
o Began a voyage outside of Hawaii and stay in Hawaii for less than
60 days.
 A person under 16 years of age may operate a power-driven
vessel only if he or she:
o Has a certificate of completion from a NASBLA–approved boater
safety education course and…
o Is accompanied on board and directly supervised by a person who
is at least 21 years of age and has a certificate of completion from
an approved boater safety education course.
 Any person renting a vessel must:
o Meet all of these requirements or…
o Complete a state-approved safety briefing offered by the livery
(rental agency).
Operator Age and Education Requirements for Thrill
Craft
Hawaiil law requires the following for thrill craft operators.

 No person under 15 years of age may operate a thrill craft.

 A person 15 or 16 years of age may operate a thrill craft if he or she:
o Completes a NASBLA–approved boater safety education
course and…
o Completes a thrill craft certification class offered by an accredited
institution of higher education and…
o Carries on board his or her certificates of completion from both
courses and…
o Is accompanied on board and directly supervised by a person who
is at least 21 years of age and has a certificate of completion from a
NASBLA–approved boater safety education course.
 A person 16 years of age or older may operate a thrill craft if he or
she:
o Completes a NASBLA–approved boater safety education
course and…
o Completes a thrill craft certification class offered by an accredited
institution of higher education and…
o Carries on board his or her certificates of completion from both
courses.
Glossary
thrill craft
Any motorized vessel that falls into the category of a personal watercraft
and is:

 Generally less than 13 feet in length as manufactured, capable of

exceeding a speed of 20 miles per hour, and operated by a single
operator but may have the capacity to carry passengers while in
operation or…
 Designed to provide similar operating performance as a personal
watercraft through a combination of size, power plant, and hull
design
Education Requirements for Tow-In
Surfing
A person may operate a thrill craft for tow-in surfing only if both the operator
and the person who is surfing:

 Have completed an approved course on operating a thrill craft in high

surf from an accredited institution of higher education and…
 Carry on board their certificates of completion.
Important
The contents of this course do not meet the requirements for taking a thrill
craft or tow-in surfing certification class from an accredited institution of
higher education. For more information about registering for a thrill craft or
tow-in surfing certification class offered by an accredited institution of higher
education, visit the DOBOR website.

Careless Operation
Hawaii law designates the following dangerous operating practices as illegal.

Careless Operation of a vessel is operating in a manner that causes danger

to the life, limb, or property of any person.
Improper Speed or Distance
Hawaii law designates the following dangerous operating practices as illegal.

Improper Speed or Distance is not maintaining a proper speed and

distance while operating a vessel. Specifically, it is illegal to operate a vessel:

 In an area marked as restricted for bathing or swimming, even though

not all designated swim areas are marked with buoys
 At a rate of speed that is greater than is reasonable under existing
conditions and circumstances such as distance to the shoreline,
anchored or moored vessels in the vicinity, width of the channel, or
vessel traffic
 At a rate of speed that does not allow the operator to bring the vessel to
a stop within the clear distance ahead
 At greater than “slow, no wake speed” within 200 feet of a:
o Shore or congested beach (Note: It is illegal to operate a thrill
craft at greater than “slow, no wake speed” within 300 feet of the
shore.)
o Float, dock, or launch ramp
o Swimmer or diver-down flag
o Moored, anchored, or drifting vessel
Important
If you are operating in a “slow, no wake speed” area, you are responsible for
your wake and any damage it causes to another person’s boat or property.

Glossary
“slow, no wake speed”
 The slowest speed at which it is still possible to maintain steering and
headway

Humpback Whales and Sea Turtles

Humpback Whales
Operating Near Humpback Whales is using an ocean area where there
are humpback whales.

 All ocean users, including vessel operators, personal watercraft (PWC)

operators, kayakers, paddlers, windsurfers, swimmers, divers, etc.,
must:
o Not chase, approach closely, surround, swim with, or attempt to
touch humpback whales.
o Stay at least 100 yards away from humpback whales.

 Vessel operators, including PWC operators, also should:

o Stay at least 300 yards from a whale that is in a designated
cow/calf area.
o Approach humpback whales slowly and carefully beside and
parallel to them while staying at least 100 yards away when
operating in other state waters.
o Have an observer on board, in addition to the operator, from
November through May to watch for whales.
o Travel at a slow, safe speed in areas where whales may be located.
o Be prepared to take action immediately to avoid a whale in their
path.
 If a whale approaches your vessel, stop immediately and put
the engine in neutral until the whale passes.
  Go around whales from behind while staying at least 100
yards away.
o Not chase a whale, approach a whale head-on, cut a whale off from
deep water, cross in front of a whale, surround a whale, come
between a mother and her calf, or leapfrog or overtake a whale.
o Keep the time spent viewing the whales to less than 30 minutes.
o Make sure the whales have a clear escape route.
o Leave the area cautiously if a whale becomes upset.
o Make sure no one on the vessel feeds the whales or touches a calf.
Reporting Whale Violations or Collisions
Contact the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
to report violations or collisions involving humpback whales. To report
rule violations or harassment, call 1-800-853-1964. To report a
collision with a whale, call 1-888-256-9840.

Sea Turtles
Sea turtles are protected by federal and state laws.

o Vessel operators are not required to stay a specific distance away

from sea turtles. However, the Hawaii DLNR recommends that
vessels stay at least 150 feet away from the turtles, if possible.
Operators may be guilty of a federal or state violation if they get
close enough to sea turtles such that the turtles or their natural
behavior patterns are disturbed.
o You must not feed, touch, or attempt to ride sea turtles.
o Many of the rules and guidelines for operating near humpback
whales apply to sea turtles also. For more information, visit
the NOAA website.

Seasonal Closures and Trespassing

Hawaii law designates the following dangerous operating practices as illegal.
Operating During Seasonal Closures is operating a PWC; engaging in
parasailing, water sledding, or commercial high-speed boating; or operating a
vessel towing a person water sledding or parasailing in specified areas
between December 15 and May 15. These areas include the west and south
shores of Maui, the waters off Haleiwa and in Maunalua Bay on Oahu, and in
the waters of Kailua Bay, Kailua-Kona of Hawaii Island.

Trespassing on another person’s vessel is a misdemeanor.

Unsafe Conditions
Hawaii law designates the following dangerous operating practices as illegal.

Overloading or Overpowering is defined as loading or powering the vessel

beyond the recommended capacity shown on the capacity plate installed by
the vessel manufacturer.

Riding on the Bow or Gunwales is allowing passengers to ride or sit on

the gunwales, transom, or seat backs or on the decking over the bow while
underway on a motorboat 26 feet or less in length, unless the motorboat is
equipped with adequate guards or railing to prevent passengers from being
lost overboard. This restriction does not apply to persons helping to moor or
cast off a motorboat.

Unsafe Condition is operating a vessel that has a condition that could

endanger those on board the vessel or anyone else. Law enforcement officers
may instruct the operator to take immediate corrective action or return to
mooring if any of the following “unsafe conditions” exist.

 The vessel is overloaded.

 There are insufficient personal flotation devices, fire extinguishers,
backfire flame arrestors, ventilation, or navigation lights.
 The vessel is leaking fuel or has fuel in the bilges.
Glossary
gunwale
Upper edge of vessel's side (generally pronounced “gunnel”)
 overboard
Over the side or out of the vessel

Small Boat Harbors

Small boat harbors in Hawaii are constructed, maintained, and operated for
recreational boating activities, fishing, and commercial vessel activities.

Anyone operating a vessel in a small boat harbor or in any channels or

entrances while leaving or approaching the harbor does so at their own risk.
Illegal Operation in Small Boat
Harbors
Vessels entering a small boat harbor in Hawaii must obey additional laws in
accordance with the directions of the small boat harbor authorities. The
following activities are illegal.

 Improper Speed is not maintaining a proper speed within the harbor.

A vessel must be operated slow enough that its wake does not disturb
any other vessel or property.
 Interference With Navigation is operating a vessel in a way that
interferes unreasonably with other vessels or with free and proper
navigation of the waterways. No log, boom, float, pier, dock, fence, pile,
anchorage, or other obstruction shall be installed or placed in a small
boat harbor without a permit from the Hawaii DLNR.
 Improper Operation in a Vessel Loading Zone is using a vessel
loading zone for other than its intended purpose. Specifically, a vessel
operator may not:
o Stop or moor a vessel in a marked vessel loading zone during the
posted hours for any purpose other than the expeditious loading,
unloading, or fueling of the vessel.
o Use a vessel loading zone for more than 30 minutes.
o Leave a vessel unattended in a vessel loading zone.

 Mooring Without a Permit is mooring a vessel in a small boat

harbor when the vessel does not meet the minimum requirements to
 moor in the harbor. Any vessel mooring in a small boat harbor must be
inspected by either an approved marine surveyor or an approved vessel
inspector in order to obtain a mooring permit. In addition:
o No houseboat moored in Ke’ehi Lagoon may be modified or
altered in a way that changes the length, beam, or size of the
silhouette area from that which existed when the initial mooring
permit was issued.
o No vessel of any size is allowed to moor on the makai side of the
dock in the Lahaina small boat harbor from sunset to sunrise.
From sunrise to sunset, vessels may not moor for more than 15
minutes.
Glossary
vessel loading zone
A portion of a small boat harbor facility reserved for the exclusive use of
vessels during loading, unloading, or fueling

Course Supplement
The Boat Hawaii Supplement provides more information that
recreational boaters in Hawaii should know. The topics included are:

 Protecting the Resource—coral reefs, the marine environment, and

ocean etiquette
 Protection of Marine Species
 Local Ocean Safety Principles and Practices
 Historical, Cultural, and Customary Practices of Hawaii’s Ocean Users

Boating While Intoxicated

Hawaii law prohibits anyone from boating while intoxicated (BWI)—that is,
operating a vessel while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, narcotics,
or other habit-forming drug. Alcohol and drugs cause impaired balance,
blurred vision, poor coordination, impaired judgment, and slower reaction
times. Alcohol is a major contributor to boating accidents and fatalities.
Hawaii law states that a person is considered to be boating while intoxicated if
he or she has a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more within four
hours after the time of the alleged violation.

Blood Alcohol Concentration

Because you can drink faster than your system can burn off the alcohol, there
is an increasing level of alcohol in your blood. This level is referred to as Blood
Alcohol Concentration (BAC).

Penalties for Boating While

Intoxicated
Under Hawaii law, the penalties for boating while intoxicated include a fine of
not less than $50 nor more than $1,000, imprisonment for up to 30 days, or
both a fine and imprisonment.

Important
By operating a vessel on Hawaii waters, you have consented to be tested for alcohol or drugs if
requested by a law enforcement official.

Alcohol Laws for Holiday Weekends

On the Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Labor Day holiday weekends,
additional alcohol laws are in effect in the Ahu O Laka Safety Zone, Kaneohe
Bay in the waters off Oahu.

 No one may possess or consume alcoholic drinks in the Safety Zone.

 No one who is under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, or non-
prescription drugs may enter the Safety Zone.

Obstructing Navigation
Vessel operators should always be considerate of other vessel operators even
when stopping to anchor or moor.

Keep in mind that it is illegal to:

 Operate any vessel in such a way that it will interfere unnecessarily with
the safe navigation of other vessels on the waterway.
 Anchor a vessel in the traveled portion of a river or channel in a way that
will prevent or interfere with any other vessel passing through the same
area.
 Moor or attach a vessel to a buoy (other than a mooring buoy), beacon,
light, or any other navigational aid placed on public waters by proper
authorities.
 Move, displace, tamper with, damage, or destroy any navigational aid.
  Obstruct a pier, wharf, boat ramp, or access to any facility.
Glossary
moor
To keep a vessel in place by setting anchor or tying the vessel to a fixed
object or buoy

Homeland Security Restrictions

Recreational boaters have a role in keeping our waterways safe and secure.

 Violators of the restrictions below can expect a quick and severe

response.
o Do not approach within 100 yards and slow to minimum speed
within 500 yards of any U.S. Naval vessel. If you need to pass
within 100 yards of a U.S. Naval vessel for safe passage, you must
contact the U.S. Naval vessel or the USCG escort vessel on VHF-
FM channel 16.
o Observe and avoid all security zones. Avoid commercial port
operation areas, especially those that involve military, cruise line,
or petroleum facilities.
o Observe and avoid other restricted areas near dams, power plants,
etc.
 o Do not stop or anchor beneath bridges or in the channel.

 Keep a sharp eye out for anything that looks peculiar or out of the
ordinary. Report all activities that seem suspicious to the local
authorities, the USCG, or the port or marina security.

America's Waterway Watch

In March 2005, the USCG officially launched America’s Waterway Watch to
encourage the boating public to report suspicious activities in our nation’s
ports and waterways. America’s Waterway Watch simply asks anyone who
works, lives, or recreates on the water to keep an extra eye out for any
suspicious activities. Anyone who spots anything is asked to call the National
Response Center’s 24-hour hotline, 1-800-424-8802 or 1-877-24WATCH.

To Report Suspicious Activities:

Call the National Response Center at
1-800-424-8802 or
1-877-24WATCH

For Immediate Danger to Life or Property: Call 911

Overview of PFD Law
All vessels must be equipped with USCG–approved personal flotation devices
(PFDs), sometimes called life jackets. The quantity and type depend on the
length of your vessel and the number of people on board and/or being towed.
Each PFD must be in good condition, be the proper size for the intended
wearer, and very importantly, be readily accessible! Readily accessible means
you must be able to put the PFD on in a reasonable amount of time in an
emergency (vessel sinking, on fire, etc.). PFDs should not be stowed in plastic
bags or in locked or closed compartments, and they should not have other gear
stowed on top of them.

Vessel operators should ask everyone on their vessel to wear a PFD whenever
on the water. PFDs can save lives, but only if they are worn!

Boater’s Tip
An emergency situation (rough water, rapid onset of bad weather, or
dangerous boating traffic) can occur suddenly—leaving little or no time to put
on a PFD. PFDs are very difficult to put on once you are in the water. Be a
smart boater, and have everyone on board your vessel wear their PFDs at all
times.

Glossary
personal flotation device (PFD)
A device designed to help you float when you are in the water; includes
both wearable life jackets and throwable devices
Specific PFD Requirements
Hawaii law requires the following with respect to PFDs.

 All vessels, except Hawaiian design racing canoes, racing shells, rowing
sculls, and racing kayaks, must have at least one USCG–approved life
jacket (wearable PFD) for each person on board.
 In addition to the above requirement, one USCG–approved throwable
Type IV device must be on board vessels 16 feet or longer.
 Children under 13 years of age must wear a properly fitting, USCG–
approved life jacket at all times while underway on a vessel or when the
vessel is moored or anchored in a non-designated offshore mooring
area, unless the child is below deck or in an enclosed cabin.
 Each person on board a PWC/thrill craft must wear a properly fitting,
USCG–approved PFD.
 Each person being towed behind a vessel must wear a properly fitting,
USCG–approved PFD. Inflatable PFDs are not approved for persons
who are being towed or participating in other high-impact sports.
 All vessels in small boat harbors that have people living on board must
have at least one USCG–approved PFD for each adult on board. In
addition, one wearable USCG–approved life jacket suitable for a child
must be provided for each child living on board the vessel.
 All PFDs must be in good and serviceable condition and must be readily
accessible. Life jackets must be of the proper size for the intended
wearer. Sizing for life jackets is based on body weight and chest size.
Boater's Tip
The labels on USCG–approved PFDs are being changed. The new labels use
“wearable” and “throwable.” For now, some approved PFDs may still be
labeled as a Type I, II, III, IV, or V.

Type I PFDs: Wearable Offshore Life

Jackets
These vests are geared for rough or remote waters where rescue may take a
while. They provide the most buoyancy, are excellent for flotation, and will
turn most unconscious persons face up in the water.

Type II PFDs: Wearable Near-Shore

Vests
These vests are good for calm waters when quick assistance or rescue is likely.
Type II vests will turn some unconscious wearers face up in the water, but the
turning is not as pronounced as with a Type I.
Type III PFDs: Wearable Flotation
Aids
These vests or full-sleeved jackets are good for calm waters when quick
assistance or rescue is likely. They are not recommended for rough waters
because they will not turn most unconscious persons face up. Type III PFDs
are used for water sports, such as water-skiing. Some Type III PFDs are
designed to inflate when you enter the water.

Type IV PFDs: Throwable Devices

(Not Wearable)
These cushions and ring buoys are designed to be thrown to someone in
trouble. Because a throwable device is not designed to be worn, it is neither for
rough waters nor for persons who are unable to hold onto it.
Type V PFDs: Special-Use Devices
These vests, deck suits, hybrid PFDs, and others are designed for specific
activities, such as windsurfing, kayaking, or water-skiing. Some Type V PFDs
are designed to inflate when you enter the water. To be acceptable, Type V
PFDs must be worn and used in accordance with their labels.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Extinguishers are classified by a number and letter symbol. The number
indicates the relative size of the extinguisher, and the letter indicates the type
of fire it will extinguish.
  Type A fires are of combustible solids such as wood. On Type A
extinguishers, the number relates to how many gallons of water the
extinguisher is equal to for a Type A fire.
 Type B fires are of flammable liquids such as gasoline or oil. On Type B
extinguishers, the number tells you the square footage of the fire the
extinguisher can put out.
 Type C fires are electrical fires. Type C extinguishers do not use
numbers.

Requirements to Carry Fire

Extinguishers
Federal law requires that the following types of vessels carry one or more Type B, USCG–
approved fire extinguishers:

 Vessels with an inboard or stern-drive gas engine(s)

 Vessels with closed compartments under seats where portable fuel tanks may be stored

 Vessels with double-bottoms that are not sealed to the hull or completely filled with
flotation material

 Vessels with closed living spaces

 Vessels with closed storage compartments in which combustible or flammable materials

may be stored

 Vessels with permanently installed fuel tanks (If a fuel tank is so heavy that persons on
board cannot move it, the USCG considers it permanently installed.)
Approved types of fire extinguishers are identified by the following marking on the label
—“Marine Type USCG Approved”—followed by the type and size symbols and the approval
number.
 Number and Type of Required Fire
Extinguishers
Use this chart to determine the type and quantity of fire extinguishers
required for your vessel.

Length of Vessel Without Fixed System With Fixed System*

Less than 26 feet one 5-B none

26 feet to less two 5-B or one 20-B one 5-B

than 40 feet

40 feet to less three 5-B or one 20-B and one 5-B two 5-B or one 20-B
than 65 feet

* refers to a permanently installed fire extinguisher system

For carriage requirements, one 5-B is equivalent to one B-I, and one 20-B is
equivalent to one B-II.

To receive a permit authorizing the use of a vessel as a place of principal

habitation or vacation site, the vessel must have on board the required
number of portable fire extinguisher according to the vessel’s length.

 Up to 25 feet, at least one B-I or larger extinguisher is required.

 Over 25 feet and up to 50 feet, at least two B-I or larger extinguishers
are required.
  Over 50 feet and up to 75 feet, at least three B-I or larger extinguishers
are required.
 At least one additional fire extinguisher is required for each additional
25 feet or fraction thereof.

Keep Fire Extinguishers Accessible

and Usable
Extinguishers should be placed in an accessible area—not near the engine or
in a compartment, but where they can be reached immediately. Be sure you
know how to operate them.

Check all extinguishers annually to make sure they are fully charged.
Extinguishers must be maintained in usable condition and should be serviced
at least every two years. Refer to the label for additional servicing information.
You also should inspect extinguishers regularly to ensure the following.

 Seals and tamper indicators are not broken or missing.

 Pressure gauges or indicators read in the operable range.
 There is no physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or clogged nozzles.
Important
Keep bilges clean and free of trash in order to reduce the risk of fire.

Boater’s Tip
PWC operators need to take special steps in case of fire. Because their fire
extinguishers may not be easily accessible, they should simply swim away
quickly and use another operator’s extinguisher. They should not open the
engine compartment to put out the fire.
Fire Extinguisher Charge Indicators
Check the charge level of your fire extinguishers regularly. Replace them
immediately if they are not fully charged.

To check this style of extinguisher, depress the green button. If it is fully

charged, the green button should pop back out immediately.
On this style of fire extinguisher, the needle indicator should be in the “full”
range.

Backfire Flame Arrestors

Because boat engines may backfire, all powerboats (except outboards) that are
fueled with gasoline must have an approved backfire flame arrestor on each
carburetor. Backfire flame arrestors are designed to prevent the ignition of
gasoline vapors in case the engine backfires.

 Backfire flame arrestors must be:

o In good and serviceable condition.
o USCG–approved (must comply with SAE J-1928 or UL 1111
standards).
 Periodically clean the flame arrestor(s) and check for any damage.

Glossary
backfire
To undergo an explosion of prematurely ignited fuel or of unburned
exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine

How Ventilation Systems Work

Ventilation systems are crucial. Their purpose is to avoid explosions by
removing flammable gases. Properly installed ventilation systems greatly
reduce the chance of a life-threatening explosion.

Powerboats are built to ventilate the engine when underway. As the boat
moves along, an air intake scoops up fresh air and forces it down the air duct
into the engine compartment. The exhaust sucks out the explosive fumes from
the lowest part of the engine and fuel compartments.
Ventilation System Requirements
All gasoline-powered vessels, constructed in a way that would entrap fumes,
must have at least two ventilation ducts fitted with cowls to remove the fumes.
At least one exhaust duct must extend from the open atmosphere to the lower
bilge. At least one intake duct must extend from a point at least midway to the
bilge or below the level of the carburetor air intake.

 If your vessel is equipped with a power ventilation system, turn it on for

at least four minutes in either of these situations:
o After fueling
o Before starting the engine

 If your vessel is not equipped with a power ventilation system (for

example, a PWC), open the engine compartment and sniff for gasoline
fumes before starting the engine.
Vessels built after July 31, 1980, that contain power exhaust blowers in
gasoline engine compartments must have a warning sticker like the one below
placed near the instrument panel.
Warning
Gasoline vapors can explode. Before starting engine, operate blower for four
minutes and check (using your nose) engine compartment for gasoline vapors.

Glossary
cowl
Hooded opening designed to scoop in air

Mufflers
Vessel operators may not hear sound signals or voices if the engine is not adequately muffled.

 All vessels propelled by internal combustion engines must be equipped with an efficient
muffler, underwater exhaust, or other device capable of adequately muffling vessel noise.

 The use of cutouts or open exhaust stacks is prohibited, except for vessels participating in
a race or regatta being held with the approval of the Hawaii DLNR or a federal agency.

Overview of Navigation Lights Law

Vessel operators must make sure that their vessels are equipped with the
proper navigation lights and use the lights during these conditions:

 When away from the dock between sunset and sunrise

 During periods of restricted visibility such as fog or heavy rain
No other lights that may be mistaken for required navigation lights may be
exhibited. Note: Blue or red flashing lights are restricted to use by
law enforcement vessels only.
The required navigation lights differ depending on the type and size of your
vessel. The common lighting configurations for recreational vessels are
discussed in this course. For other configurations and requirements for larger
vessels, see the USCG’s Navigation Rules.

Required Lights: Power-Driven

Vessels Less Than 65.6 Feet When
Underway
If less than 65.6 feet (20 meters) long, these vessels must exhibit the lights as
shown in the illustration. Remember, power-driven vessels include sailboats
operating under engine power. The required lights are:

 Red and green sidelights visible from a distance of at least two miles
away—or if less than 39.4 feet (12 meters) long, at least one mile away—
on a dark, clear night.
 An all-round white light (if less than 39.4 feet long) or both a masthead
light and a sternlight. These lights must be visible from a distance of at
least two miles away on a dark, clear night. The all-round white light (or
the masthead light) must be at least 3.3 feet (one meter) higher than the
sidelights.
Important
The red and green lighting must conform to the illustration. Red should be on
the left side of the bow and green on the right side of the bow.

Required Lights: Unpowered Vessels

Less Than 65.6 Feet When Underway
Unpowered vessels are sailing vessels or vessels that are paddled, poled, or
rowed.

If less than 65.6 feet long, these vessels must exhibit the lights as shown in the
illustration. The required lights are:

 Red and green sidelights visible from a distance of at least two miles
away—or if less than 39.4 feet long, at least one mile away—on a dark,
clear night.
 A sternlight visible from a distance of at least two miles away.

Required Lights: Unpowered

Vessels Less Than 23 Feet When
Underway
If less than 23.0 feet (7 meters) long, these vessels should:

 If practical, exhibit the same lights as required for unpowered vessels

less than 65.6 feet in length.
 If not practical, have on hand at least one lantern or flashlight shining a
white light as shown in the illustration.

Required Lights: All Vessels When

Not Underway
All vessels are required to display a white light visible from all directions
whenever they are moored or anchored outside a designated mooring area
between sunset and sunrise.

Which Waters Are Federally

Controlled?
Federally controlled waters are waters on which vessels must observe federal
requirements, including visual distress signal requirements. These waters
include:

 Coastal waters
 The Great Lakes
 Territorial seas
 Bodies of water connected directly to one of the above, up to a point
where the body of water is less than two miles wide

Requirements to Carry Visual Distress Signals (VDSs)

Visual distress signals (VDSs) allow vessel operators to signal for help in the
event of an emergency. VDSs are classified as day signals (visible in bright
sunlight), night signals (visible at night), or both day and night signals. VDSs
are either pyrotechnic (smoke and flames) or non-pyrotechnic (non-
combustible).

 Vessels on federally controlled waters must be equipped with USCG–

approved VDSs. All vessels, regardless of length or type, are required to
carry night signals when operating between sunset and sunrise. Most
vessels must carry day signals also; exceptions to the requirement for
day signals are:
o Recreational vessels that are less than 16 feet in length
o Non-motorized open sailboats that are less than 26 feet in length
o Manually propelled vessels

 VDSs must be USCG–approved, in serviceable condition, and readily

accessible.
Important
It is prohibited to display VDSs while on the water unless assistance is
required to prevent immediate or potential danger to persons on board a
vessel.

Pyrotechnic VDSs
Pyrotechnics are excellent distress signals. However, there is potential for
injury and property damage if not handled properly. These devices produce a
very hot flame, and the residue can cause burns and ignite flammable
materials.

 Pistol-launched and handheld parachute flares and meteors have many

characteristics of a firearm and must be handled with caution. In some
states, they are considered a firearm and are prohibited from use.
 Pyrotechnic devices should be stored in a cool, dry, and prominently
marked location.
 If pyrotechnic VDSs are used, they must be dated. Expired VDSs may be
carried on board, but a minimum of three unexpired VDSs must be
carried in the vessel.
Orange Smoke (Handheld): Day Signal

Orange Smoke (Floating): Day Signal

Red Meteor: Day and Night Signal

Red Flare: Day and Night Signal

Non-Pyrotechnic VDSs
The following are examples of non-pyrotechnic VDSs.

Electric Light: Night Signal

The electric distress light is accepted for night use only and must flash the
international SOS distress signal automatically.
Orange Flag: Day Signal
The distress flag is a day signal only. It must be at least 3 × 3 feet with a black
square and ball on an orange background.

Arm Signal
Although the arm signal does not meet VDS equipment requirements, wave
your arms to summon help if you do not have other distress signals on board.

Combinations of VDSs That Meet

Requirements
The following combinations of signals are examples of VDSs that could be
carried on board to satisfy USCG requirements.

Three handheld red flares (day and night)

One handheld red flare and two red meteors (day and night)

One handheld orange smoke signal (day), two floating orange smoke signals
(day), and one electric light (night only)

Requirements to Have Sound-

Producing Devices
In periods of reduced visibility or whenever a vessel operator needs to signal
his or her intentions or position, a sound-producing device is essential. The
navigation rules for meeting head-on, crossing, and overtaking situations are
examples of when sound signals are required

The following requirements apply to vessels operating on any waters.

 Vessels less than 39.4 feet (12 meters) in length, which includes PWC,
must have some way of making an efficient sound signal. Examples are a
handheld air horn, an athletic whistle, an installed horn, etc. A human
voice is not acceptable.
 Vessels that are 39.4 feet (12 meters) or more in length must have a
sound-producing device that can produce an efficient sound signal. The
sound signal should be audible for one-half mile and should last for 4 to
6 seconds.

Common Sound Signals

Sound signals must be audible for at least one-half mile. Some common sound
signals that you should be familiar with as a recreational boater are as follows.

 A short blast lasts one second.

 A prolonged blast lasts 4–6 seconds.

Changing Direction
 One short blast tells other boaters, “I intend to pass you on my left
(port) side.”
 Two short blasts tell other boaters, “I intend to pass you on my right
(starboard) side.”
 Three short blasts tell other boaters, “I am operating astern
propulsion.” For some vessels, this tells other boaters, “I am backing
up.”

Restricted Visibility
 One prolonged blast at intervals of not more than two minutes is the
signal used by power-driven vessels when underway.
 One prolonged blast plus two short blasts at intervals of not more
than two minutes is the signal used by sailing vessels.

Warning
 One prolonged blast is a warning signal (for example, used when
coming around a blind bend or exiting a slip).
 Five (or more) short, rapid blasts signal danger or signal that you
do not understand or that you disagree with the other boater’s
intentions.
Diver-Down Flags
Hawaii law requires that scuba divers or snorkelers display a diver-down flag
to mark the diving area. Vessel operators may not operate at greater than
“slow, no wake speed” within 200 feet of a diver-down flag. Vessel operators
also must not operate within 50 feet of a displayed diver-down flag on
navigable streams or within 100 feet of a displayed diver-down flag elsewhere.
Divers must not surface more than 100 feet away from their flag in ocean
waters or 50 feet away from their flag in navigable streams.

Two types of flags are used to indicate diving activity. Both diver-down flags
are required on state waters.

Divers Flag: A red flag with a white diagonal stripe must be displayed on the
highest point of the main structure of vessels on Hawaii waters so that the flag
is visible from all directions. This flag indicates the presence of a scuba diver
or snorkeler in the immediate area.

 For non-motorized vessels that are 16 feet or less in length, the flag must
be at least 12 inches x 12 inches in size.
 For all vessels that are more than 16 feet in length, the flag must be at
least 20 inches x 24 inches in size. In addition to the red-and-white flag,
a blue-and-white International Code Flag A (or Alfa flag) must be
displayed on these vessels on state waters.

Alfa Flag: An Alfa flag—at least 3.3 feet (one meter) high and visible
from all directions—must be displayed on vessels on federally controlled
 waters. This flag is used on federally controlled or international waters
to show that a vessel is involved in a diving activity.

Emergency Communication Devices

Vessels operating more than one mile from shore must have on board a VHF
marine radio or a USCG–approved emergency position indicating radio
beacon (EPIRB).

 Canoes, PWC/thrill craft, surfboards, and paddleboards are exempt

from this requirement.
 Kayaks and training sailboats also are exempt if these vessels are
accompanied by a vessel with the required equipment.
 Although PWC are exempt, these pieces of communication gear are
highly recommended.

Optional Equipment
Since Hawaii is surrounded by the open ocean with fast-moving currents and
steady winds, consider carrying these additional items on your vessel.

 Bailing device

 Batteries for all electronic devices

 Battery cover

 Ditch/dry bag

 Emergency food and water

 Extra anchoring equipment

 Extra marine whistles

 Extra vessel battery

 GPS unit

 Leashes for oars/paddles

 Mirror or other reflective device

 Oars or paddles

 Parachute/bucket and 100' of line

  Personal EPIRB

 Spare fuel filters

 Spare engine cut-off switch lanyard

 Spare parts and tools

 Strobe light

 Waterproof flashlight

Marine Events
Permits for regattas, races, marine parades, exhibitions, or similar events to be
held on Hawaii waters must be obtained by submitting an application to the
Hawaii DLNR at least 30 days prior to the event. If the event is being held on
federally controlled waters, a permit from the USCG is required.

Mooring Permits and Local

Regulations
Mooring Permits
Vessels operators may not anchor or moor a vessel in the same location on
Hawaii waters and navigable streams for more than 72 hours without a permit
issued by the Hawaii DLNR.

Local Regulations
Local waterways, including the ocean waters of Waikiki, Makapuu, Kealakekua
Bay, Kailua Beach, Ahihi-Kinau, Pokai Bay, Ala Moana Beach Park, Kaanapali,
and Maunalua Bay, may have specific equipment and operational restrictions
in addition to those covered in this course.

Before you go boating, be sure to check for local regulations on the

Hawaii DLNR/DOBOR website or on the Hawaii Division of Aquatic
Resources website.
Vessel as a Place of Principal
Habitation
A vessel that is authorized to moor in Ala Wai or Keehi boat harbor may be
used as a principal place of habitation if the owner also has:

 A principal habitation permit and…

 A harbor resident permit issued by the Hawaii DLNR.

Courtesy Equipment Inspection

The USCG Auxiliary and U.S. Power Squadrons will perform a Vessel Safety
Check (VSC) of your vessel and equipment free of charge. This inspection
covers federal and state requirements. If your vessel meets all VSC
requirements, you will receive a VSC decal. If your vessel fails to meet all
requirements, no report is made to any law enforcement agency.
Requirements Specific to PWC
PWC operators must follow all boating laws. In addition, PWC operators in
Hawaii must comply with rules specifically for vessels classified as thrill craft.
This includes all legal requirements previously discussed in this course, the
following regulations, and all applicable thrill-craft rules for the area in which
you are operating.

 Everyone on board a PWC must wear a properly fitting, USCG–

approved life jacket at all times.
 The Hawaii DLNR recommends that an operator of a PWC equipped
with a lanyard-type enigne cut-off switch attach the lanyard to his or her
wrist or life jacket.
Glossary
engine cut-off switch (ECOS)
A safety device that is designed to shut the engine down if the operator
is thrown from the proper operating position
Operating a PWC
PWC may be not operated between sunset and sunrise unless they are
equipped with the proper navigation lights.

PWC must be operated in a responsible manner.

 Watch constantly for skiers, divers, swimmers, boats, and other PWC.
 Avoid wave jumping and passing close to other vessels.
 Do not use alcohol before or during PWC operation.
 Do not exceed “slow, no wake speed” within 300 feet of the shoreline.
 Do not operate a PWC within a marine life conservation district or
marine natural area reserve.
 Do not operate more than two miles from the nearest land.
 Follow the most direct route possible, consistent with safety
considerations, when traveling to and from designated PWC operating
areas.
In designated Ocean Recreation Management Areas (ORMAs), operate only in
areas designated for PWC/thrill craft.

In non-designated ORMAs, you must transit to a point 500 feet from the
shoreline or the outer edge of the fringing reef (whichever is greater) before
operating freely.

 Do not operate:
o Within 500 feet of the shoreline or inside the seaward edge of the
fringing reef
o Seaward beyond two miles from the nearest land off the islands of
Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii
 o Around the islands of Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, and Niihau

 Do not land and/or pick up passengers except at approved launch sites.

Requirements to Tow a Person With

a Vessel
Vessel operators towing a person(s) on water skis or any similar device have
specific equipment and observer requirements.

 Except during tow-in surfing, all persons being towed behind a vessel on
water skis, aquaplanes, or any similar device must wear a USCG–
approved life jacket.
 Any vessel towing a person(s) on water skis, aquaplanes, or similar
devices must be equipped with a ladder, step, or similar device that the
towed person(s) can use to get back into the vessel.
 It is illegal for a vessel to tow a person(s) on water skis, aquaplane, or
any similar device unless:
o A competent observer is on board, in addition to the vessel
operator, to observe the person(s) being towed and report their
progress to the operator or…
o The vessel has a rearview mirror that lets the vessel operator see
the person(s) being towed on a 75-foot line and identify hand
signals given by the towed person(s).
Towing a Person With a Vessel
When towing a person on water skis or another device, vessel operators must
follow all boating laws plus any additional laws that may apply.

 It is illegal for vessels to tow a person(s) on water skis, aquaplanes, or

any similar devices between sunset and sunrise.
 Any vessel towing a person(s) on water skis, aquaplanes, or similar
devices must be operated in a careful and prudent manner and at a
reasonable distance from other persons or property so as not to
endanger the life or property of any person.
 It is illegal to operate the vessel or manipulate the tow rope, water skis,
or other device such that the towed device or person collides with any
other person or object.
 A thrill craft towing a person(s) on water skis, an inner tube, a
wakeboard, or a similar device—other than a surfboard for tow-in
surfing operations—must stay within designated thrill craft riding zones
when operating in an Ocean Recreation Management Area.

Using a Thrill Craft for Tow-In Surfing

Thrill craft being used for tow-in surfing must:

 Be registered with Hawaii DLNR/DOBOR and…

 Display a tow-in surfing decal (“T” decal).
Requirements for Paddleboards
The USCG classifies paddleboards as vessels. When using a paddleboard
outside of a swimming, surfing, or bathing area, certain requirements apply.

 Paddleboard users must comply with recreational boating laws and

rules.
 Paddleboards must have:
o A life jacket for each person on board
o A sound-producing device such as a whistle
o Navigation lights when used between sunset and sunrise—this
may be a flashlight or a headlamp with a white light
o Visual distress signals when used on federally controlled waters

Overview of Pollutant Disposal

Laws
It is illegal to discharge waste, oil, or trash into any state or federally
controlled waters. This is for very good reasons.

 Sewage carries disease and is harmful to people, aquatic plants, and

animals.
 Trash thrown into the water can injure swimmers and wildlife alike. It
also can plug engine-cooling water intakes.
 Pollution is unsightly and takes away from your enjoyment of the water.
Vessel operators need to be aware of the regulations for waste, oil, and trash
disposal that apply to both federally controlled and state waters. The Refuse
Act prohibits throwing, discharging, or depositing any refuse matter of any
kind (including trash, garbage, oil, and other liquid pollutants) into the waters
of the United States.

Discharge of Sewage and Waste

Signs like this one are posted at pump-out stations.

If you have a recreational vessel with installed toilet facilities, it must have an
operable marine sanitation device (MSD) on board.

There are three types of MSDs.

 Types I and II MSDs are usually found on large vessels. Waste is treated
with special chemicals to kill bacteria before the waste is discharged.
Types I and II MSDs with Y valves that would direct the waste overboard
must be secured so that the valve cannot be opened. This can be done by
placing a lock or non-reusable seal on the Y valve or by taking the
handle off the Y valve.
 Type III MSDs provide no treatment and are either holding tanks or
portable toilets. Collected waste should be taken ashore and disposed of
in a pump-out station or onshore toilet.
Vessels 65 feet or less in length may use a Type I, II, or III MSD. Vessels more
than 65 feet in length must install a Type II or III MSD.

All installed devices must be USCG–certified.

Discharge of Trash
The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships places limitations on the discharge of
garbage from vessels. It is illegal to dump refuse, garbage, or plastics into any
state or federally controlled waters. Many forms of litter can kill birds, fish,
and marine mammals.

 You must store trash in a container while on board and place it in a

proper receptacle after returning to shore.
 If boating on federally controlled waters and your vessel is 26 feet or
longer, you must display a Garbage Disposal Placard in a prominent
location. The Garbage Disposal Placard is a durable sign that is at least 4
× 9 inches and notifies passengers and crew about discharge
restrictions.
Discharge of Oil and Other
Hazardous Substances
Regulations issued under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act require all
vessels with propulsion machinery to be able to retain oil mixtures on board.

 You are not allowed to discharge oil or hazardous substances. The

penalty for illegal discharge may be a fine of up to $10,000.
 You are not allowed to dump oil into the bilge of the vessel without
means for proper disposal. Fuel spills can be removed using absorbent
bilge pads.
  You must dispose of oil waste at an approved reception facility. On
recreational vessels, a bucket or bailer is adequate for temporary storage
prior to disposing of the oil waste at an approved facility.
 You must notify the National Response Center immediately if your
vessel discharges oil or hazardous substances in the water. Call toll-
free 1-800-424-8802. Report the discharge’s location, color, source,
substances, size, and time observed.
What to Do in Case of Discharge
If your vessel discharges oil or hazardous substances in the water, notify the
National Response Center by calling 1-800-424-8802.

Discharge of Oil Placard

If boating on federally controlled waters and your vessel is 26 feet or longer,
you must display a 5 × 8-inch placard made of durable material, fixed in a
conspicuous place in the machinery spaces or at the bilge pump control
station, stating the following:

Discharge of Oil Prohibited

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act prohibits the discharge of oil or oily
waste upon or into any navigable waters of the U.S. The prohibition includes
any discharge which causes a film or discoloration of the surface of the water
or causes a sludge or emulsion beneath the surface of the water. Violators are
subject to substantial civil and/or criminal sanctions including fines and
imprisonment.

Oil Discharge Placard: A 5 × 8-inch sign that states the law pertaining to oil
discharge

Waste Management Plan

Oceangoing vessels that are 40 feet or more in length with cooking and
sleeping facilities must have a written Waste Management Plan.

 The captain of the vessel is responsible for implementing the plan.

 The Waste Management Plan, identifying the vessel’s name and home
port, should be posted and should include directives to all persons on
board about:
o Discharging sewage and hazardous substances
 o Discharging garbage and other food waste
o Disposing of plastics, bottles, and cans
o Reading applicable placards for additional information
o Advising the captain in case of oily discharges or diesel spills

Aquatic Nuisance Species

Introducing non-native species into state or federally controlled waters can
upset the ecosystem and hurt the environment by clogging the waterways and
crowding out native species.

 Aquatic nuisance species in Hawaii include various plants.

o One species is Gracilaria salicornia, also known as “gorilla ogo”
because it resembles a larger, more aggressive version of the
edible ogo seaweed. It forms extensive tangled mats of orange,
green, and purple, which literally blanket reefs.
o Other introduced plant species include Kappaphycus spp.
(common name: Agar Agar Pulau, Red Alga, etc.)
and Acanthophora spicifera (common name: Spiny Seaweed),
just to name a few.
o These species can spread on the tides, grow rapidly in ideal
conditions, and smother and kill coral reefs that protect our
shoreline from erosion.
 Although recreational boaters did not play a significant role in
introducing these species to Hawaii’s nearshore waters, invasive
freshwater species can be spread easily by recreational boats visiting
lakes and streams. Warm water temperatures and abundant sunlight
allowed Salvinia molesta (common name: Giant Salvinia, etc.) to almost
completely cover Lake Wilson on the island of Oahu.
 Quagga mussels, zebra mussels, milfoil, hydrilla, and other species have
become major problems on the U.S. mainland.
Boater's Tip
As a boater, you may see different names for non-native species that threaten
a water environment. Some examples are “aquatic nuisance species,” “aquatic
invasive species (AIS),” and “aquatic pests.” No matter what they are called
where you are boating, you should always avoid spreading non-native species.
In this way, you can protect the waterways and the native species that live
there.

Stop the Spread of Invasive Species

To prevent spreading aquatic nuisance species:

 Inspect your vessel and trailer, and remove any plants and animals you
see before leaving the area.
 Drain your motor, live well, and bilge on land before leaving the area.
 Empty your bait bucket on land. Never release live bait into a body of
water or release aquatic animals from one body of water into another.
  Rinse your vessel, propeller, trailer, and equipment.
 Air-dry your vessel and equipment for as long as possible.
 Keep your vessel hull clean to minimize the spread of organisms that
can foul your vessel.
 If your vessel has been moored in a harbor or tied to an offshore
mooring for an extended period, or if your vessel has spent significant
time in other ports, clean the hull in a dry dock or on land.

What You Must Do if Involved in an

Accident
An operator involved in a boating accident must:

 Stop his or her vessel immediately at the scene of the accident and...

 Assist anyone injured or in danger from the accident, unless doing so
would seriously endanger his or her own vessel or passengers and...
 Give, in writing, his or her name, address, and vessel identification
(registration number) to anyone injured and to the owner of any
property damaged by the accident.
Important
An operator who strikes an unattended vessel must attach a written notice
securely in a conspicuous place in or on the other vessel. The notice must give
the operator’s name, address, and vessel identification.

Reporting an Accident
Vessel operators involved in an accident must report it.

 The operator or owner of a vessel involved in an accident must notify a

harbor official, police officer, or the nearest police station as soon as
possible if a person dies, disappears, or has injuries requiring medical
treatment beyond first aid.
  The operator or owner of the vessel also must file a written accident
report within 48 hours with the Hawaii DLNR if:
o A person dies or disappears from the vessel under circumstances
that indicate death or injury or…
o A person is injured and requires medical treatment beyond first
aid or…
o Damage to the vessel(s) or other property exceeds $200.

 All other boating accidents must be reported in writing within seven

days.
 A boating accident report form (CG 3865) is available from the Hawaii
DLNR website.

Who Enforces Boating Laws?

Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources officers and all other
enforcement officers enforce the boating laws of Hawaii. USCG officers also
patrol and have enforcement authority on federally controlled waters.

 Officers have the authority to stop and board your vessel in order to
check that you are complying with state and federal laws.
 It is illegal to refuse to follow the directive of a person with law
enforcement authority. An operator who has received a visual or audible
signal from a law enforcement officer must bring his or her vessel to a
stop.