COLEGIO DE STA.

TERESA DE

AVILA 
#6 Skylark St., Zabarte Subdivision 
Novaliches, Quezon City 

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY WITH

TQM Prelim Exam 
PROFESSOR: NANDY M. GAYA, MBA 

Name:Mojar, Marjorie M. Student #12-4239 Date:October 5, 2020 Course Year &

Section: BSTM 3-1

I. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 

Instruction: Using your clusters, answer only the questions assigned to

you. Cluster #1 (Questions # 1,2,7,8,9,10) 
Cluster #2 (Questions # 3,4,7,8,9,10) 
Cluster #3 (Questions # 5,6,7,8,9,10) 

1. Discuss the 5 Is of Service. (5pts.) 

2. What is the difference between operations management function and production
function? (5 pts.)
3. Explain the focuses of Operations Management. (5 pts.) 
Operations management is chiefly concerned with planning, organizing and
supervising in the contexts of production, manufacturing or the provision of
services. As such, it is delivery-focused, ensuring that an organization successfully
turns inputs to outputs in an efficient manner.
4. Explain the focuses of Production Management. (5 pts.) 
Production and operations management involve three main types of decisions,
typically made at three different stages: ... Production control. At this stage, the
decision-making process focuses on controlling quality and costs, scheduling, and
the actual day-to-day operations of running a factory or service facility.

5. Discuss the objectives of Operations. (5 pts.) 

6. Discuss the three strategic functions of an organization. (5 pts.)
7. Discuss the difference between Strategy and Tactic. (5 pts.) 
Strategy is overarching plan or set of goals. Changing strategies is like trying to turn
around an aircraft carrier—it can be done but not quickly. Tactics are the specific
actions or steps you undertake to accomplish your strategy. Strategic planning lays out
the long-term, broad goals that a business or individual wants to achieve. And tactical
planning outlines the short-term steps and actions that should be taken to achieve the
goals described in the strategic plan.

   8. Laissez-Fair Management style emphasizes employee freedom and managers of 
this style let their employees do what they will with little or no interference. In  your own
analysis, what do you think is the advantage and disadvantage of  Laissez-fair
management style to the following: (20pts.) 

➢ Employee Productivity 
ADVANTAGE-the Laissez-faire management style when it comes to employee
productivity and motivation is that it can: Lead to new and innovating ideas being rapidly
adopted within a company. Employees are self motivated and work at a higher
pace/intensity given their personal interest in the tasks assigned to themselves.
DISADVANTAGE-List of the Disadvantages of the Laissez Faire Management Style
It downplays the role of the leader on the team. ...
It reduces the cohesiveness of the group. ...
It changes how accountability is assigned within the group. ...
It allows leaders to avoid leadership. ...
It is a leadership style which employees can abuse.
➢ Employee Honesty 
ADVANTAGES-The more transparent the work environment, the happier the employees
are. The happier employees are, the more productive they are. Ultimately, honesty
builds trust in the company and confidence in leadership. Voicing the truth enables all of
us to identify the issue and work as a team to better it.
DISADVANTAGES-You’ll feel annoyed when others aren’t as honest with you.When
you live your life from the standpoint of total honesty, it’s natural that you would expect
others to live the same way. However, in most cases you’ll be disappointed because
most people will automatically adhere to the social norms of telling white lies instead of
sharing their true opinions.
➢ Work Efficiency 
ADVANTAGES - As long as employees efficiently complete tasks, those working with
laissez-faire leadership can choose how they wish to get the job done. This is a great
feature of this type of work environment due because it builds autonomy, self-
confidence and productivity.
DISADVANTAGES-Being efficient ,with out being assertive and prudent ,will make one
vulnerable to exploitation ,by some unscrupulous ,incompetent, self-centred people
,who will get more work done from you ,for their own self interests and benefits.If people
find you reliable,dependable ,and co-operative ,they will take advantage of your
efficiency and proficiency ,and squeeze the max juice out of you,asper the peters
principle.
                ➢ Employee Morale 
ADVANTAGE- Just skimming some of the benefits of high employee morale would
make any employer want to boost morale in their organization:
Improved productivity. ...
Greater attention to the important details. ...
Improved attendance. ...
Improved performance and creativity. ...
Higher quality work. ...
Safer work environment.
DISADVANTAGES- Low morale can be destructive in a business setting and can lead
to dissatisfaction, poor productivity, absenteeism and even turnover. What causes low
morale will vary among organizations but the effects will generally be the same. Low
morale causes a disconnect between employees, peers, jobs, managers and the
company.
9. Democratic Management style is a type of collaborative and consultative 
management style whose philosophy is that two heads are better than one and 
that everyone deserves to have a say no matter what their position or title. What  is
your thought on the advantage and disadvantage of Democratic management  style
to the following: (20 pts.) 
➢ Employee Productivity 
ADVANTAGES-The management influences the productivity another way. It's
smarter to organize tasks and keep a list of priorities for the whole team. It's
equally more effective to monitor in what task each employee is working on
with a team management software. That does not mean forbidding
communication between the staff.
DISADVANTAGES-Management consists of the planning, prioritizing, and
organizing work efforts to accomplish objectives within a business
organization. A management style is the particular way managers go about
accomplishing these objectives. It encompasses the way they make
decisions, how they plan and organize work, and how they exercise authority.

➢ Employee Honesty 
ADVANTAGES- With a democratic leadership style in place, leaders come to
their teams with an authentic problem that needs to be solved. There are no
“what ifs” or “hypotheticals” presented at the team meeting. When an honest
issue is being addressed, team members feel more engaged with the
process. It connects them on a personal level to the company. It creates a
level of equality in the workplace that other leadership styles struggle to
create.
DISADVANTAGES- Even with multiple levels of feedback and experience
offered, the democratic leadership process doesn’t always come up with a
true consensus. The leader will be asked to make a choice from the best
available options or go on their own path. In many circumstances, the
 discussion period with this leadership style becomes a waste of time because
the leader is forced to make decisions on their own anyway.
➢ Work Efficiency 
ADVANTAGES- When people feel like their experiences matter, then it gives
them more personal satisfaction over the work being done. The process
fosters passion, which improves the quality and quantity of work in some
employees.
DISADVANTAGES- The goal of democratic leadership styles is to give every
voice a platform. Some leaders may choose the opinions of one person over
the rest of the team on a consistent basis, often for valid reasons. When that
occurs, the other team members may feel like their experiences or opinions
don’t matter, so they stop sharing them. Over time, this disharmony can
cause some people to feel under-valued, so it reduces their productivity.

➢ Employee Morale 
ADVANTAGES- Environments with democratic leaders often yield followers
with high morale who are more motivated to generate and offer up creative
solutions, and it produces an atmosphere of cooperation and team spirit. ...
This type of leader encourages employees to set workable goals and
recognizes their achievements.
DISADVANTAGES- The democratic leadership style does solicit for opinions,
perspectives, and experiences. It will also highlight team members that have
strong creative skills and those that do not. If one team member is
consistently having their ideas implemented, the other team members can
grow resentful of the leadership style. It makes them feel like their opinions
are not valued, which eventually causes them to stop participating in the
process. Unless those negative emotions are managed, this leadership style
can often reduce productivity instead of enhancing it.
10.Authoritarian management style involves managing through clear direction and 
control. It is also sometimes referred to as the autocratic or directive  management
style. Authoritarian managers typically assert strong authority, have  total decision-
making power, and expect unquestioned obedience. What is your  thought on the
advantage and disadvantage of authoritarian management style  to the following:
(20 pts.) 

➢ Employee Productivity 
ADVANTAGES-Many teams work in situations that can be very stressful.
When there is a lot of pressure surrounding a team, the authoritarian style is
preferred because each team member can focus on their specialty. Only the
leader is tasked with the responsibility of making complex decisions. Because
every person on the team can be extremely specialized, the results a team
can produce have the potential to outperform other leadership styles.
DISADVANTAGES- Authoritarian leaders build themselves up on the concept
that they are the most experienced and knowledgeable for the situations they
will face. This is not always the case. Some teams have highly experienced
members who are very knowledgeable about the situations that may be faced
in the future. Because these leaders often fail to consult with their group, the
chances for success may be reduced. Highly experienced team members can
also make leaders feel insecure about themselves, which can further reduce
team performance.
➢ Employee Honesty 
ADVANTAGES-When an authoritarian leadership style is being used, the
framing of a project will typically lead to fewer overall mistakes. That is
because all team members have pre-determined instructions to follow as they
pursue a specific objective. Risks are diminished because only the best
processes are included in the instructions to be followed. Clear instructions
also reduce the risks that individual team might be willing to take on their
own.
DISADVANTAGES- When a team member feels like they’ve given everything
and there is no way forward for the future, then they will start looking for new
challenges. The chain-of-command within the authoritarian leadership style is
very clear. If there is no way to push forward, then people tend to look for
opportunities where they can. As team members gain more experience in
what they do, it becomes more difficult for authoritarian leaders to inspire
loyalty within their direct reports.
➢ Work Efficiency 
ADVANTAGES- When processes are clear for team members, then everyone
on the team is able to set their focus on the tasks that they are asked to do.
There is no requirement to think about the instructions or how to complete a
task. That translates to a better performance because it removes uncertainty
from the situation. The energy that would be directed toward problem-solving
can be directed toward the work that needs to be done.
DISADVANTAGES- An organization and a team are both dependent upon
the expertise and knowledge that an authoritarian leader brings to the table.
That makes the leader indispensable to the vision of the future that an
organization may have. It also means that a leader who begins to fall behind
on industry standards will cause an organization to begin suffering. This
creates a tunnel vision toward the wrong outcomes because there are no
other voices available who can change the process.
➢ Employee Morale 
ADVANTAGES-When there are multiple levels of leadership within an
organization, a command from the top becomes like a childhood game of
Telephone. Each level of management can inadvertently (or purposely) put
their own spin on the communication come from the leadership. By the time
the information reaches the front-line employees doing most of the work, the
entire original message could be lost. Autocratic leadership eliminates this
issue because the command goes straight to the workers involved.
DISADVANTAGES- Many people tend to work better when they feel or know
that their contributions to the team are making a positive impact. If the
authoritarian leader makes them feel like their contributions are not welcome,
then they may begin to feel dissatisfied with their circumstances. They might
feel stifled by the expectations placed on them. If this occurs frequently, it is
possible for highly skilled workers to seek out new forms of employment
because they wish to rid themselves of their leader.

Good Luck!!!