SHS READING AND WRITING, QUARTER 3

Name: Jedidiah Rosh K. Sison Score:

Grade and Section: 11 - Ampere Date: 04-12-21

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2

I. Introduction

A writing pattern is a specific way of organizing ideas to convey a certain type of

argument. Writing patterns are also sometimes referred to as patterns of organization,
rhetorical modes, or rhetorical styles. The writing pattern an author uses will vary based
on the desired purpose. Each writing pattern is uniquely designed with its own special
parts that work together to achieve a specific purpose. Learning how to recognize writing
patterns is crucial for helping you improve your reading comprehension. By recognizing
the writing pattern, you will be able to focus your attention on what the author is trying
to say and anticipate how the author will develop a point.

After learning about the first four patterns of written text, you will now deal with
another four patterns which are comparison and contrast, cause and effect, problem-
solution, and persuasion.

II. Learning Competency

Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines.

III. Objectives

At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
1. identify the different patterns of written texts;
2. give an example of any of the patterns of written text; and
3. compare the patterns of written texts discussed.

IV. Discussion
PATTERNS OF WRITTEN TEXTS

A. Comparison and Contrast

To compare means to give the similarities of two or more ideas or objects,

while to contrast means to cite their differences. One way to illustrate comparing
and contrasting is by using the Venn diagram, which was developed by English
philosopher and logician John Venn (1834-1923). Venn intended to represent
categorical propositions and test the validity of categorical syllogisms using two to
three intersecting circles. The intersecting portion of the circles show the similarities
between or among ideas, while the remaining portions of the circle (those that do not
intersect) are for the differences.

1
 Comparing and Contrasting Ideas in an Essay
Some selections use transition words to alert readers that the idea that follows is
either a comparison or contrast of the other. Some of those words are listed below.

 Comparison: alike, as, as well, equally, in similar fashion, in a similar way, in

like manner, in the same way, just as, just like, likewise, resemble, same, similar,
similarity, similarly
 Contrast: although, as opposed to, at the same time, by, by contrast, conversely,
despite, difference, different, different from, differently, even though, in contrast,
in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other
hand, still

Aside from using a set of criteria and transition words, most comparison and contrast
essays are structured in the following manner.

Structure 1: Point by Point Method

Paragraph showing similarities.

(Category A)

Paragraph showing differences.

(Category A)

Paragraph showing similarities.

(Category B)

Paragraph showing differences.

(Category B)

Note that the similarities for a category are immediately contrasted in the next
paragraph.

Structure 2: Block Method

Paragraph showing similarities.

Paragraph showing differences.

In contrast, the block method enumerates all the similarities in one paragraph and
summarizes all the differences in the next.
You may also write a purely comparison or purely contrast essay following the
structures above. You just need to get your criteria right.
 Example:
Before the advent of computers and modern technology, people communicating over
long distances used traditional means such as letters and the telephone. Nowadays
we have a vast array of communication tools which can complete this task, ranging
from email to instant messaging and video calls. While the present and previous
means of communication are similar in their general form, they differ in regard to their
speed and the range of tools available.

B. Cause and Effect

Cause tells us the origin of a phenomenon, disaster, or event, while the effect is
the outcome or consequence of an action. In writing cause and effect stories and
essays, the relationship between the cause and effect must be logical, meaning, the
effect should be a natural outcome of the cause. Furthermore, an essay may have a
single cause and multiple effects or multiple causes leading to a single effect.
To ensure the smooth flow of ideas within and among paragraphs, the following
transition words may be used.
 accordingly, as a result, because of, consequently, due to, for that reason, hence, if
… then, leads to, on account of, results in, since, so therefore, thus

Example:
The main reasons behind the increase of women in the workplace are women's
liberation and feminism. The women's liberation movement originated in the 1960s
and was popularised by authors such as Simone de Beauvoir. As a consequence of
this, new legislation emerged, granting women equal rights to men in many fields, in
particular employment. Because of feminist ideas, men have taken up roles which
were previously seen as being for women only, most importantly those related to child
rearing. As a result of this, women have more time to pursue their own careers and
interests.

C. Problem-Solution

A problem is a concern brought by an event or a consequence of a decision or action.

For example, in the Mamasapano clash in Maguindanao, the commanding officers of

Operation Exodus were torn between sending reinforcements or not. Failure to send
reinforcements resulted in the loss of 44 of the Philippine National Police’s (PNP)
elite police. Now, the problem or concern is determining the person/s accountable
for the tragedy and the punishment that would be given.

In contrast, the solution refers to the measures or steps that will be taken to solve
the issue. It should be feasible, affordable, and implementable. Going back to the
example, to determine the person/s liable for the death of the 44 policemen, an
independent truth commission composed of representatives form the private sector
and international community may be formed to investigate the case. Furthermore,
measures must be taken to prevent a similar casualty from occurring.
To identify the problem, there should be proper accounting of the facts and history
of the event. This will also ensure that the proposed solution responds to the
problem. Remember, too, that the solution must be feasible, meaning it is
implementable.
 Example:
Changes by individuals to their diet and their physical activity can increase life
expectancy. There is a reliance today on the consumption of processed foods, which
have a high fat and sugar content. By preparing their own foods, and consuming
more fruit and vegetables, people could ensure that their diets are healthier and more
balanced, which could lead to a reduction in obesity levels. In order to improve fitness
levels, people could choose to walk or cycle to work or to the shops rather than taking
the car. They could also choose to walk up stairs instead of taking the lift. These
simple changes could lead to a significant improvement in fitness levels.

D. Persuasion

What do you find most striking in a shampoo commercial? Some of you may say the
visual effects of the product, the endorser, the testimony of an expert, and so on.
Notice that you might be using a specific brand, but after watching another brand’s
commercial, you feel like switching to the product. The ability of the commercial to
appeal to the emotions without arguing is known as persuasion.

Although supporting ideas and pieces of evidence are necessary to persuade others
to take the cause, you still need to stir their emotions – make them feel that they are
part of the concern and their participation is necessary to implement change, just
like what Martin Luther King Jr. did. He rallied the black people to dream of equality
by creating a vision that this dream is at hand. He also did not forget to use the
following transition words in developing his essay.

 accordingly, admittedly, although, because, but, certainly, consequently,

despite, even so, finally, first (second, third, etc.), for, furthermore, granted,
hence, however, in conclusion, indeed, in fact, in truth, in summary, last,
meanwhile, nevertheless, nonetheless, obviously, of course, on the one hand, on
the other hand, since, some believe, some may say, therefore, thus, to be sure,
truly, undoubtedly

Example:
There is no doubt that current human activities such as the creation of nuclear
weapons, pollution, and destruction of wildlife, are harmful to the earth. It is
important for us to see not only the short-term effects of our actions, but their long-
term effects as well. Otherwise, human activities will be just another step towards
destruction.

V. Activities
C. Show me what you’ve got!
Directions: Choose one from the patterns of written texts discussed and write your own
example of it. Your example should have 3-5 sentences. Use a separate sheet of paper for
your answer.

Cause and Effect

Bullying is a major issue in today's schools. The majority of children

become bullies as a result of tension or unpleasant circumstances that they are
pressured to contend with. Bullying usually start because of something they
experience at home, such as their parents arguing, or whether the bully was abused by
someone else early in their life, or if they are having academic difficulties. What they
see at their house may result in a lot of bullying. If a young person witnesses his or her
parents excessively arguing and attacking each other then he or she may naturally
believe that this is appropriate or an acceptable behaviour.

Assessment

Directions: In 10-15 sentences, compare the four patterns of written texts discussed.
Explain how they are similar or different from each other. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper and be guided with the rubric below.

A writing pattern is a method of organizing ideas to express a particular form of

argument. An author's writing pattern can vary based on the intended purpose, and it has
its own special parts that function together to accomplish a particular objective. Written
text patterns are classified into four categories. Firstly, the comparison and contrast. In
this pattern, compare refers to emphasizing the similarity between two or more concepts or
things, while contrast refers to showing their distinctions. There are transitional terms you
can use to warn readers that the concept that follows is either a comparison or a contrast.
There are also two structures: the point-by-point method, in which the similarities for a
category are immediately contrasted in the next paragraph, and the block method, in
which the similarities are enumerated in one paragraph and all the differences are
summarized in the next. Secondly, there is the concept of cause and effect. The cause
describes the nature of a phenomenon or occurrence, while the effect describes the
outcome of an action. The cause-and-effect relationship must be rational when writing
this, and the effect must be a natural product of the cause. Thirdly, there is the Problem-
Solution concept, in which the problem is a situation created by an intervention, and the
solution corresponds to the actions that would be taken to solve the problem. It should be
practical, sustainable, and implementable. Accurate records of the evidence and history of
the case must be kept in order to solve the problem. Finally, there is persuasion, which is
the capacity to convince people without arguing by appealing to their feelings It is
supported by thoughts, facts, and emotions. The four written text patterns shared one
feature: they all used transition words. It will also assist you in focusing on what the
author is attempting to suggest and anticipating how the author will create an argument.

Rubric for Assessing an Essay

Criteria VGE (5) GE (4) SE (3) LE (2) N (1)
1. Main points are expressed clearly.
2. There are sufficient supporting ideas.
3. Choice of words is appropriate for
the topic
4. The essay is free from language
mistakes.
5. Ideas are presented vividly and
meaningfully.
VGE – To a very great extent; GE – To a great extent; SE – To some extent; LE – To a little
extent; N – Not at all
CI. References

Majul, Mary Ann. (2016). en[g]counters, Reading and Writing in the Contemporary
World. Quezon City. St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation.
EAP Foundation.Com. (n.d.). Compare and Contrast Essays.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/candc/
EAP Foundation.Com. (n.d.). Cause and Effect Essays.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/cande/
EAP Foundation.Com. (n.d.). Problem-Solution Essays.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/problemsolution/
EAP Foundation.Com. (n.d.). Persuasion Essays.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/persuasion/
Excelsior Online Reading Lab. (n.d.). Writing Patterns.
https://owl.excelsior.edu/orc/what-to-do-after-reading/analyzing/writing-
patterns/

Prepared by:

DYAN MIKHAELLA D. MAGAT

Teacher II
San Roque National High School-SHS

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

CII. Key to Correction

(Answers may
vary.)
C. Show me what you’ve
got!

9.
True
8.
False
7.
Cause and FaTrue 6
Effect ls 5. .
e 4.
False
Problem- 1 True
Solution . 2.
True
1.
True
A. True or
False