3.

Calculul ciclului motor

3.1 Ev. rapidității

Am ales: - pe ≔ 0.8 MPa

- Ψ ≔ 1.2

120 ⋅ Pe 3 ‾‾‾‾‾‾
VS
VS ≔ ――― = 0.5 L D≔ 4 ――= 80.95 mm S ≔ Ψ ⋅ D = 97.14 mm
pe ⋅ i ⋅ n π⋅Ψ

S⋅n m
wpm ≔ ―― = 13.28 ―
30 s

3.2 Calculul proceselor de schimb de gaze

k ≔ 1.4 p0 ≔ 0.1 MPa T0 ≔ 298 K ps ≔ πs ⋅ p0 = 0.25 MPa

Am ales: - ΔT ≔ 90 K ; ΔT2 ≔ 5 K

- pg ≔ 0.7 ⋅ ps = 0.175 MPa

- pa ≔ 0.9 ⋅ ps = 0.225 MPa

- Tg ≔ 900 K

- n1 ≔ 1.8

n1 - 1
―――
n1
⎛ ps ⎞
Ts ≔ T0 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - ΔT = 357.794 K T's ≔ Ts + ΔT2 = 362.794 K
⎝ p0 ⎠

pa ⋅ ((ε + ((k - 1)) ⋅ ((ε - 1)))) - pg

ηv ≔ ――――――――― = 0.897
T's
ps ⋅ ((ε - 1)) ⋅ k ⋅ ――
Ts

pg ⋅ Ts pa ⋅ Ts ⋅ ε
γ ≔ ―――――― = 0.02 Ta ≔ ―――――――= 375.011 K
ps ⋅ ηv ⋅ ((ε - 1)) ⋅ Tg ps ⋅ ηv ⋅ ((ε - 1)) ⋅ ((γ + 1))

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3.3 Calculul proceselor de comprimare

Am ales: mc ≔ 1.35

pc ≔ pa ⋅ ε mc = 9.661 MPa Tc ≔ Ta ⋅ ε mc - 1 = 993.972 K

3.4 Calculul proceselor de ardere

J ⋅ 10 3
c ≔ 0.857 h ≔ 0.133 o ≔ 0.01 Hi ≔ 41855 ⋅ ――― ξz ≔ 0.8
kg

1 ⎛ c h o ⎞
Lt ≔ ――⎜― + ―- ―⎟ = 0.497 L ≔ λaer ⋅ Lt = 0.82
0.21 ⎝ 12 4 32 ⎠

c 10 3 mol 10 3 mol
NCO2 ≔ ― ⋅ ―――= 0.071 ―――
12 kg kg

h 10 3 mol 10 3 mol
NH2O ≔ ―⋅ ―――= 0.067 ―――
2 kg kg

10 3 mol 10 3 mol
NO2 ≔ 0.21 ⋅ ⎛⎝λaer - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ Lt ⋅ ―――= 0.068 ―――
kg kg

10 3 mol 10 3 mol
NN2 ≔ 0.79 L ⋅ ―――= 0.648 ―――
kg kg

10 3 mol
Nf ≔ NCO2 + NH2O + NO2 + NN2 = 0.853 ―――
kg

NCO2
rCO2 ≔ ――= 0.084
Nf

NH2O
rH2O ≔ ――= 0.078
Nf

NO2
rO2 ≔ ―― = 0.079
Nf

NN2
rN2 ≔ ―― = 0.759
Nf

rCO2 + rH2O + rO2 + rN2 = 1 ✔

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 10 3 mol 10 3 mol Nf
N0 ≔ L ⋅ ―――= 0.82 ――― μcteoretic ≔ ―― = 1.041 μcteoretic > 1 ✔
kg kg N0

γ + μcteoretic
μreal ≔ ――――= 1.04 1 < μreal < μctoretic ✔
1+γ

Am ales: - λp ≔ 1.7

- Tz1 ≔ 2400 K

- Tz2 ≔ 2600 K

- md ≔ 1.25

pz ≔ pc ⋅ λp = 16.424 MPa

Tc = 993.972 K
J
R ≔ 8.315 ⋅ ―――
mol ⋅ K

J
UaerTc ≔ 41543 ⋅ ――
mol

J
UCO2Tc ≔ 70757 ⋅ ――
mol

J
UH2OTc ≔ 55259 ⋅ ―― Valorile au fost determinate
mol prin interpolare liniară

J
UO2Tc ≔ 43552 ⋅ ――
mol

J
UN2Tc ≔ 41007 ⋅ ――
mol

J
UgazTc ≔ rCO2 ⋅ UCO2Tc + rH2O ⋅ UH2OTc + rO2 ⋅ UO2Tc + rN2 ⋅ UN2Tc = 44809.08 ――
mol

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 J J
ICO2Z1 ≔ 125391 ⋅ ―― ICO2Z2 ≔ 137762 ⋅ ――
mol mol

J J
IH2OZ1 ≔ 103847 ⋅ ―― IH2OZ2 ≔ 114640 ⋅ ――
mol mol

J J
IO2Z1 ≔ 83047 ⋅ ―― IO2Z2 ≔ 90806 ⋅ ――
mol mol

J J
IN2Z1 ≔ 79297 ⋅ ―― IN2Z2 ≔ 86717 ⋅ ――
mol mol

J
Iz1 ≔ rCO2 ⋅ ICO2Z1 + rH2O ⋅ IH2OZ1 + rO2 ⋅ IO2Z1 + rN2 ⋅ IN2Z1 = 85364.83 ――
mol

J
Iz2 ≔ rCO2 ⋅ ICO2Z2 + rH2O ⋅ IH2OZ2 + rO2 ⋅ IO2Z2 + rN2 ⋅ IN2Z2 = 93488.86 ――
mol
ξz ⋅ Hi
――+ UaerTc + γ ⋅ UgazTc
N0 R ⋅ λp ⋅ Tc J
Iz ≔ ――――――――― + ―――= 91989.4 ――
( )
μreal ⋅ (1 + γ) μreal mol

Iz1 < Iz < Iz2 ✔

Iz - Iz1
Tz ≔ Tz1 + ⎛⎝Tz2 - Tz1⎞⎠ ⋅ ――― = 2563.09 K
Iz2 - Iz1

μreal Tz
ρ ≔ ―― ⋅ ―= 1.578
λp Tc

3.5 Calculul destinderii

⎛ ρ ⎞ md
pd ≔ pz ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ = 0.894 MPa
⎝ε⎠

⎛ ρ ⎞ md - 1
Td ≔ Tz ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ = 1431.82 K
⎝ε⎠

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3.5 Presiunea medie efectivă

ε mc ⎛ λp ⋅ ρ ⎛ ⎛ ρ ⎞ md - 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞⎞
pi' ≔ pa ⋅ ――⋅ ⎜λp ⋅ ((ρ - 1)) + ――― ⎜1 - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ - ――― ⎜1 - ―― ⎟ = 2.503 MPa
mc - 1 ⎟
ε-1 ⎝ md - 1 ⎝ ⎝ε⎠ ⎠ mc - 1 ⎝ ε ⎠⎠

ηm ≔ 0.9

ηd ≔ 0.94

φp ≔ 0.3

pi ≔ ηd ⋅ pi' - φp ⋅ ⎛⎝pg - pa⎞⎠ = 2.368 MPa

pe ≔ ηm ⋅ pi = 2.131 MPa

3.6 Dimensiuni fundamentale

1
n = 4100 ― Pe = 82 kW pe = 2.131 MPa
s

120 ⋅ Pe Vt
Vt ≔ ――― = 1.126 L VS ≔ ―= 0.188 L
pe ⋅ n 6

3 ‾‾‾‾‾
4 ⋅ VS 4 ⋅ VS
D≔ ――= 58.398 mm S ≔ ――― = 70.078 mm
π⋅Ψ π ⋅ D2

Am ales: - D ≔ 60 mm

- S ≔ 71 mm

S π ⋅ Ψ ⋅ D3
Ψ ≔ ―= 1.183 VS ≔ ――― = 0.201 L Vt ≔ 6 ⋅ VS = 1.204 L
D 4

3.7 Indici tehnico-economici

J
RM ≔ 8.315 ――― Hi ≔ 41855
mol ⋅ K

pi 1 N0 ⋅ Ts
ηi ≔ RM ⋅ ―⋅ ―⋅ ――― = 0.615 ηe ≔ ηm ⋅ ηi = 0.554
ps ηv Hi

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 3.6 ⋅ 10 6 g
Consum specific indicat: ci ≔ ―――= 139.75 ――
ηi ⋅ Hi kWh

ci g
Consum efectiv: ce ≔ ―― = 155.278 ――
ηm kWh

kg
Consum orar: Ch ≔ 10 -3 ⋅ ce ⋅ 82 = 12.733 ―
hr

Pe kW
PL ≔ ―= 68.079 ――
Vt L

4 ⋅ Pe kW
Ps ≔ ――― 2
= 48.336 ―――
π⋅i⋅D 100 cm 2

Pe
Pcil ≔ ―= 13.667 kW
i

Valori diagramă

ρ 3
―⋅ VS = 19.55 cm pz = 16.424 MPa ρ = 1.578
ε
ps = 0.25 MPa
1 3
―⋅ VS = 12.392 cm
ε pa = 0.225 MPa

VS = 200.748 cm 3 pg = 0.175 MPa

md = 1.25 pc = 9.661 MPa

mc = 1.35 pd = 0.894 MPa

v ≔ 15
⎛ 194.112 ⎞ mc
ac p ≔ pa ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 7.134 MPa
⎝ v ⎠

⎛ 194.112 ⎞ md
bc p ≔ pd ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 21.931 MPa
⎝ v ⎠

Λ
Λ ≔ 0.25 OO' ≔ ―⋅ 182 = 11.375
4

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 4. Calcul dinamic

Am considerat densitatea aparentă a pistonului 1.2 și masa

raportată a bielei 0.5

1 S R
Λ≔― R ≔ ―= 35.5 mm L ≔ ―= 142 mm Λ ≔ 0.25
4 2 Λ

kg gm
ρp ≔ 1.2 ―――― mbr ≔ 0.5 ――
10 mm 3
6
mm 2

π ⋅ D2
mp ≔ ρp ⋅ D 3 = 0.259 kg mb ≔ mbr ⋅ ――― = 1.414 kg
4
mgp ≔ 1.4 ⋅ mp = 0.363 kg mr ≔ 0.13 mb = 0.184 kg

mtr ≔ mgp + 0.275 mb = 0.752 kg

gm π ⋅ D 2 gm π ⋅ D 2
mtr1 ≔ 0.25 ―― ――― = 0.707 kg mtr2 ≔ 0.55 ―― ――― = 1.555 kg
mm 2 4 mm 2 4

π 1
ω ≔ ― ⋅ n = 429.351 ―
30 s

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