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CHAPTER II

This chapter presents the Research design, Subject of the study, Sampling
technique, Instrument, Construction and validation of instrument, Administration and
retrieval of instrument, and the Statistical instrument to be used in the study.

Research Design
Descriptive research design is the research approach used in the study. According
to McCombes (2019), “Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically
describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and
how questions, but not why questions. It can use a wide variety of research methods to
investigate one or more variables.” This research design helps researchers to understand,
analyse the data, and fully interpret what the research is all about. The main problem of
the study that the researchers’ want to discover is the effects of the new way of learning;
online and modular modalities, to every high school students of San Jose del Monte,
Bulacan.
The situation of the respondents will be analyse and determine either on
observation, interviewing or survey questionnaire. This study aims to know the impacts
of new way of learning to every high school students, either it is positive or negative and
how they cope up with these changes. Descriptive research design was used to this study
because researchers tends to in-depth analyse, and fully describe whether the positive or
negative effects of the new way of learning had been experienced by the learners. Also,
the advantages and disadvantages of having this kind of new education system to every
respondent, the distractions they have encountered, and how these new normal in
education change their learning styles and their coping mechanism for it.
Subject of the Study
This study tends to focus on the positive or negative effects of online and modular
way of learning to a specific group of learners, how these changes change their learning
styles and how they cope up with all of those scenarios. It also emphasize the difference
between physical and online classes to in-depth analyse the two main variables of this
research which are the high school students (Independent Variable) and the positive or
negative impacts of new way of learning that is the dependent variable of the study.
These two variables are connected to one another as it will analyse and answer the
impacts of the new normal in education to a particular group of learners.
As cited by Dollaganger, “The Philippines Department of Education has pledged
to provide distance learning access for all students. But the mental health and economic
burdens of the plan overwhelmingly fall on the country’s poor.” One of the main reasons
of the study is to determine the two sides of the particular topic that will come to the main
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character of this happening which are the students. Whether it brings advantages or
disadvantages, positive or negative impacts will be determine by the end of the study.
The main purpose of this study is to identify the impacts of the new way of learning to
every student; whether it is good or bad.
Sampling Technique
Sampling is a method that allows researchers to infer information about a
population based on results from a subset of population, without having to investigate
every individual (Barratt, 2009). The type of sampling that was used in this study is
Simple random sampling wherein the respondents were chosen randomly among the
particular population of the subject of this research.
An anonymous cited that “Simple random sampling allows the sampling error to
be calculated and reduces selection bias. A specific advantage is that it is the most
straightforward method of probability sampling. A disadvantage of this type of sampling
is that you may not select enough individuals with your characteristic of interests,
especially if that characteristic is uncommon.” As the current study used this kind of
sampling, researchers chose their respondents through random selection among all the
population of high school students in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan.
Research Instrument
The research data had been gathered through surveys or checklists. As cited on
Professional Writing Bay blog (2014), “research instruments can be defined as tools used
in collecting, measuring, and analysing data related to a particular subject.” ON this
study, data had been analysed and determine with the help of surveys and questionnaires
determining the answer to the independent variable of the study.
The research questions all had to do with the effects of new way of learning to a
particular group of students, the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning and
how it change their learning styles and the distractions they have experienced with it. The
researchers used survey questionnaires to efficiently gather the data with the high school
students of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan. This type of research instrument will be a great
use as the researchers will include a series of questions that will rate how similar and
different the opinion and experienced of the subject of this study to the independent
variable of the study.
Survey research is defined as “the collection of information from a sample of
individuals through their responses to questions” (Check & Schutt, 2012). Through
survey as the research instrument, researchers had been collected a various important data
that explore the different or similar effects of online and modular classes to the particular
group of respondents. Another advantage of using survey research is that you have a lot
of different ways on how these questionnaires will be delivered and answer by the
respondents. And with the current situation, researchers used online form of having a
survey to gather data through online survey questionnaires.
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Construction and Validation of Instrument

The researchers of this study were formulated a series of important questions that
the respondents will be answered through online survey questionnaires. Researchers are
needed to create a formal letter of consent and approval that is validated and undersign by
their research adviser and approval of the school principal before they will now proceed
on having this kind of data gathering. It is very important to have this kind of process first
to orient and let the learners who will be the respondents for the study to know that their
experiences and opinions about the topic will be conducted and mentioned on this study.
Also, after creating a letter of approval, the survey questionnaires were in need of
validation from the professionals such as the psychology graduate to validate and revise
some questions to ensure that there will be no questions that will cross the line and offend
the respondents. With all of these, the researchers will now proceed on asking for the
consent of the particular group of learners to participate and answer the given online
survey of the study.
Administration and Retrieval of Instrument
As cited on an Anonymous blog, “Data collection is defined as the procedure of
collecting, measuring and analysing accurate insights for research using standard
validated techniques. There are three data collection methods which are In-person
Interviews, Mail surveys and Phone or Online Surveys.” The administration of the
instrument serves as the pattern fort the researcher to gain information and knowledge to
the specific topic of the study. After polishing the data from the instruments, researchers
can conclude several theories with the gathered data. The retrieval of instruments will
now determine the results that researchers are used to analyse on the said study.
Statistical Treatment
The term “Statistical treatment” is a catch all term which means to apply any
statistical method to your data. It is divided into two groups: descriptive statistics, which
summarize your data as a graph, or summary statistics, and inferential statistics, which
make predictions and test hypotheses about your data (Vogt, W.P., 2005). Statistical
treatment was used on this research to understand very well the presentation of data
gathered from the survey instrument through online. Also, it helps to organize the
population into a several sub groups to easily analyse the data on it.
The study used descriptive statistics as a statistical treatment to describe the
relationship between the respondents which are the high school students of San Jose del
Monte, Bulacan and the three main variables of the study; (1) new way of learning, (2)
learning styles, (3) distractions, which will be the key point to answer the main problem
of the study which is on how the new way of learning impacts the said chosen
respondents.