CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of eyes and adnexa

The eye is a visual organ that receives stimuli in the form of light. Eyeball
located in the eye socket and layered on a layer of fat. The eyeball can move and be
directed in a direction with the help of the three eye muscles, namely:
a. medial rectus oculi (muscle around the eye), which functions to move the eyeball;
b. musculus obliques oculi inferior, serves to move the eyeball down and to
in; and
c. superior ocular musculus obliques, which serves to roll the eye up and down.
B. Diseases and disorders of the eye and adnexa

Various terms of eye and visual disorders and diseases (G00-G99) Specificity of
eye disease classification Various category codes with various punctuation signs How to
determine the main diagnosis code for eye disorders / diseases, the following eye
disorders and diseases and adnexa:
1. Myopi
Miopi or known as nearsightedness, in this disease the patient cannot see
objects that are far away, this is because the eye cannot accommodate light right on
the retina. The long shape of the eyeball causes light from an object to fall in front of
the retina. The fix is wearing negative glasses to help the reflection of the image fall
on the retina. Factors for myopia disease, among others, are due to heredity, and
someone who is often at the computer for a long period of time tends to experience
myopia.
2. Presbyopia
Presbyopia (old eye) is a condition in which the lens loses its elasticity
because of increasing age. The power presbyopia eyepiece has less accommodation
capacity, cannot flatten and bulge, so it cannot see objects that are near or far away.
This can be helped by the use of glasses that have multiple lenses. Usually with
increasing age, the difficulty level of accommodation for the eye lens is getting higher
3. Color blindness
Color blindness is a term for someone who cannot distinguish one color from another.
Color blindness is usually suffered from genetic factors. This disease occurs due to
the inability of the eye cone cells to perceive color reflections. Color blindness occurs
because the retina in the eye which consists of rod and cone cells is insensitive to
light.

4. Cataracts
Cataracts are eye vision problems characterized by changes
chemistry so that the eye lens, which was originally clear and translucent, becomes
cloudy, foggy, so that it is as if the sufferer is looking at objects from behind a
waterfall. A blurry lens will make it difficult to transmit light to the retina, so that the
image on the retina becomes blurred. There are 4 types of cataracts, namely
congenital cataracts, senile cataracts, traumatic cataracts, and complex cataracts.
Senile cataract stage is divided into 4 parts, namely:
a. Incipient cataracts: cloudiness is mild;
b. Immature cataract: cloudiness has not reached the entire lens layer;
c. Matur cataract: cloudiness has affected the entire lens layer; and
d. Hypermature cataracts: cataracts that undergo a further degeneration process, can
become hard or soft and melt.

5. Keratitis
Keratitis is inflammation or inflammation that occurs in the cornea of the eye. The
cornea of the eye is a clear dome-shaped layer at the front of the eye. The cornea
plays an important role in the visual process. If this keratitis is left unchecked and not
treated properly, it can cause prolonged sores and allergic complications. Next will be
explained about the causes, results of the history and physical examination as well as
the management of keratitis.
6. Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane that is
on the inner surface of the eyelid that surrounds the outer eyeball. If the fine blood
vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, these blood vessels will appear, so that
the color of the conjunctiva, which was originally white, turns red. Conjunctivitis
usually affects both eyes which usually starts in one eye but a few days later can
spread or affect both eyes.