OUTLINE IN PERSONS

AND FAMILY RELATIONS

A.Y. 2021-20221
-------------------

Note: All article references are to the Family Code unless a Civil Code article
reference (NCC) is indicated.

I. GOALS2

1. Give students a strong grasp of the black-letter rules;

2. Teach students how to apply those rules to new fact patterns;

3. Get students to see — through problems and hypotheticals — how a

seemingly minor change in the facts can produce a change in the outcome;

4. Teach students case analysis — how to dissect a case, breaking it down into
discrete components (facts, issue, precedent, rule, application) in order to
discern what the court is actually doing;

5. Hone students’ ability to distinguish between facts that are pivotal to the
outcome of a case and facts that are irrelevant;

6. Expose students to ethical and professional responsibility issues that lurk

beneath the surface of the cases;

7. Give students practical tips on how cases are actually litigated in the real
world;

8. Give students litigation-oriented skills training through courtroom simulations

that involve questioning a witness or arguing a motion;

9. Trace the historical development of the doctrinal rules in the course;

10. Give students an appreciation of the policies upon which the rules are
grounded;

11. Cover the larger jurisprudential or philosophical framework of the

subject; and,

12. Help students to see the race or gender implications in the rules and cases.

1
This syllabus is inspired by the course outlines of Dean Ma. Soledad Deriquito-Mawis and Prof.
Elizabeth Pangalangan.
2
Patterned after: https://www.wklegaledu.com/File%20Library/Resources/Faculty/Strategies-
Techniques-Teaching/KatzandONeill_LawSchoolTeaching.pdf

1
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE CIVIL CODE

a. Preliminary Provisions
Laws:
Articles 1-21, New Civil Code (NCC)
EO 200 (1987)
Articles 44,213, Family Code
Articles 804, 818, Civil Code
Revised Administrative Code of 1987, sec 31
EO 292, Book 1, Sec 31
Magna Carta of Women, Sec 19

b. When law takes effect

NCC 2
Revised Administrative Code (RAC) Secs. 18-24
Exec. Order 200, Sec. 2

Tañada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27

Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
Commissioner v Hypermix, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012
Acaac v Azcuna, Jr., G.R. No. 187378, SEP 30, 2013

C. Ignorance of the law

NCC 3
KASILAG VS. RODRIGUEZ, 69 PHIL 217
Elegado v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 285

C. Retroactivity of laws

NCC 4, cf. NCC 2252 - 2269

Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22
Family Code (FC) 256

Simon v Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011

David v Agbay, G.R. No. 199113 March 18, 2015

D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws

NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)

Nerwin v PNOC, G.R. No. 167057, April 11, 2012

E. Waiver of rights

NCC Art. 6
NCC Art. 2035

DM Consunji vs. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001

2
Aujero V PhilComSat, G.R. No. 193484, January 18, 2012
Dona Adela v Tidcorp, G.R. No. 201931, February 11, 2015

F. Repeal of laws

NCC 7
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
FC 254

Yinlu Bicol v Trans-Asia, G.R. No. 207942, Jan. 12 2015

G. Judicial Decisions

NCC 8

Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001

Republic v Rehman Enterprises, GR 199310, Feb.19, 2014

H. Duty to render judgment

NCC 9, 10
RPC 5
Barcellano v Barza, GR 165287, September 14, 2011

I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom

NCC 11 - 12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)

Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79

Tomawis v Balindong, G.R. No. 182434, March 5, 2010 (en banc)

J. Legal periods

NCC 13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
RAC Sec. 31

Internal Revenue v Primetown, GR 162155, August 28, 2007

Montajes v People, G.R. No. 183449, March 12, 2012

K. Applicability of Penal Laws

NCC 14, 17(3), RPC Art. 2

L. Binding effect

NCC 15
cf. FC 26

3
 Tenchavez v. Escaño 15 SCRA 355
Board of Commissioners vs. de la Rosa, 197 SCRA 853
ATCI Overseas Corp vs. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, Oct. 11, 2010

NCC 16

Amos v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358

Del Socorro v Van Wilsem, GR 193707, Dec. 10, 2014

NCC 17

Raytheon v Rouzie, GR 162894, February 26, 2008

NCC 18
Tamano v Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Llave vs Republic, GR 169766, March 30, 2011
Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Villagracia v Sharia, GR 188832, April 23, 2014

II. LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Sec. 12 & 14, Art. II

Sec. 1, Art. III
Art. XV (Philippine Constitution of 1987)

Overview of Due Process and Equal Protection

Cases:
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479
Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438

A. Civil Personality

i. Concept and Classes of Persons

Arts. 37, 40-47, New Civil Code

Rule 131, Section 3 (jj), Rules of Court
PD 603, Art 5

Cases:
Geluz v. CA, 2 SCRA 801 (1961)
People v. Tirol, 102 SCRA 558 (1981)
Limjoco v Intestate Estate of Fragante, 80 Phil 776
Joaquin v. Navarro, 93 Phil 257 (1953)

ii. Capacity to Act and Restrictions Thereon

1. Presumption of Capacity
Standard Oil Co. v. Arenas, 19 Phil 363 (1911)

4
 2. Restrictions
Arts. 6, 38-39, New Civil Code

a. Minority
RA 6809

i. Effect on Contracts
Arts. 1327, 1390 (1), 1403 (3), 1397, 1399, 1426-27, 1489, Civil
Code

Cases:
Mercado v. Espiritu, 37 Phil. 215 (1917)
Bambalan v. Maramba, 51 Phil. 417
Branganza v. Villa Abrille 105 Phil. 456 (1959)

ii. Effect on Marriage

Art. 5 and 35, Family Code

iii. Effect on Crimes

RA 9344, Sections 6,7, 20, 57, 58, 59;
HB 2, HB 505

b. Insanity
i. Effect on Contracts
Arts. 1327, 1328, 1399, NCC
ii. Effect on Crimes
Art. 12(1), RPC

iii. Effect on Marriage

Art. 45(2) and 47(2), FC

c. State of being deaf-mute

Arts. 1327, 807, 820, NCC
.
d. Prodigality
Rule 92, Sec. 2, Rules of Court
Case: Martinez v. Martinez, 1 Phil. 182 (1902)

e. Civil Interdiction
Art. 34, RPC
Art. 135(1), 142(3), FC

f. Family Relations
Art. 11(2), 13(5), Revised Penal Code
Arts. 1109 & 1490, NCC
Arts. 37, 87, 215, FC

g. Absence
Arts. 390-391, NCC
Art. 41-42, FC

5
 Case:
Tadeo-Matias v. Republic, G.R. No. 230751(2018)

B. Domicile and residence of persons

1. Juridical persons, NCC 51

2. Natural persons

NCC 50
FC 69, cf. NCC 110
cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101

Romualdez-Marcos vs COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300

Jalosjos v COMELEC, GR 191970, April 24, 2012

III. PRE-MARITAL CONTROVERSIES

Breach of Promise to Marry –

Arts. 19-21, 2176 Civil Code

Cases:
Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 (1964)
Tanjanco v. CA, 18 SCRA 994 (1966)
De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil. 866 (1933)
Piccininni V. Hajus.180 Conn. 369, 429 A.2d. 886 (1980)

Reading: ‘Heartbalm Statutes and Deceit Actions”, Michigan L.Rev. Vol.

83, No. 7 (June 1985)

IV. DEFINITION AND NATURE OF MARRIAGE

Art. 1, Family Code (FC)

Sec. 1-4, Art. XV, 1987 Constitution
Marriage Models

1. Traditional Marriage
Cases:
Graham v. Graham, 33 F. Supp. 936 (1940)

2. Challenges to the Traditional Marriage Model

Cases:
a. The Changing Status of Women
Dunn v. Palermo, 522 S.W. 2d 679 (1975)

b. By Private Contract: When Valid? When Void?

In Re Santiago, 70 Phil 66 (1940)
Selanova v. Mendoza, 64 SCRA 69 (1975)

6
V. REQUISITES OF MARRIAGE

Arts. 2-3, Family Code

Arts 16-18 Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Sec. 22, Art. II; Sec. 17, Art. XIV 1987 Constitution
Sec. 2(c), 29, 32, RA 8371 (The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997)

Essential Requisites

a. Legal Capacity

i. Male and Female

Rule 103, Rules of Court
Rule 108, Rules of Court
Compare with: Sections 2 to 7, RA 9048

Cases:
Obergefell Et Al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department Of Health, Et
Al. Supreme Court Of The United States, Nos. 14–556, 14-562, 14-571
and 14–574 (http://www.suprem ecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/14-
556_3204.pdf)
Falcis v Civil Registrar, GR 217910, Sept. 3, 2019 [en banc]
Silverio v. Republic, 537 SCRA 373 (2007)
Republic v. Cagandahan, 568 SCRA 72 (2008)
Espinosa v Atty. Omana, A.C. No. 9081 (2011)

ii. Minimum Age of Marriage

Eigenmann v. Guerra, 5 C.A. Rep. 836 (1964)

b. Consent Freely Given

Arts. 4, 45(3) Family Code

Cases:
People v. Santiago 51 Phil 68 (1927)
Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 (1964)
De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil. 866 (1933)

Formal Requisites

Art 26, Family Code

Art. 17, Civil Code

a. Authority of Solemnizing Officer

Arts. 4, 7, 8, 10, 31, 32, 35(2), Family Code
Art 3, Civil Code

Cases:
Navarro v. Domagtoy, 259 SCRA 129 (1996)
Arañes v. Occiano, 380 SCRA 402 (2002)

7
 Palma v Judge Omelio, A.M. No. RTJ-10-2223 (2017)
Keuppers v Judge Murcia, A.M. No. MTJ 15-1860(2018)

b. Marriage License
Arts. 9-34 Family Code;
PD 965 (1976)
Sec. 15, Sec. 23(d), RA 10354 (RH Law)

Cases:
Imbong v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819 (2014)
Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257 (1994)
Sevilla v. Cardenas, 497 SCRA 428 (2006)
Alcantara v. Alcantara 531 SCRA 446 (2007)
Seguisabal v. Cabrera 106 SCRA 670 (1981)
Moreno v. Bernabe, 246 SCRA 120 (1995)
De Castro v. Assidao-de Castro, G.R. No. 160172 (2008)
Borja-Manzano v. Sanchez, 354 SCRA 1 (2001)

c. Ceremony
Arts. 3, 6, 8, 28, 29, 22-24

Cases:
Navarro v. Domagtoy, supra
Madridejo v. de Leon, 55 Phil. 1 (1930)
Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil. 731 (1909)

VI. MUSLIM FILIPINOS AND INDIGENOUS CULTURAL

COMMUNITIES

Sec. 13, Code of Muslim Personal Laws

Sec. 32, RA 8371

Case:
Pugeda v. Trias, G.R. No. L-169259 (1962)

VII. PRESUMPTION OF MARRIAGE

Art. 220 Civil Code

Section 3 (aa), Rule 131 of the Rules of Court

Cases:
Vda. de Jacob v. CA, 312 SCRA 772 (1999)
Abbas v Abbas, G.R. No. 183896 (2013)

VIII. VOID MARRIAGES

General rule, FC 4

1. Kinds of void marriages

8
(a) Absence of requisites

FC 35 cf. FC 234, RA 6809

So v. Valera, GR 150677, June 5, 2009
Republic v Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages,

FC 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44

RPC 344, 349

Cariño vs. Cariño 351 SCRA 127

Bobis vs. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000
Mercado vs.Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000
Ty vs CA, 346 SCRA 327
Tenebro vs. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004 (read
concurring of Justice Vitug and dissent of Justice Carpio)
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA 376
Teves v People, GR 188775, August 24, 2011
Iwasawa vs Gangan, , G.R. No. 204169, Sept. 11 2013
Lasanas vs People, GR 159031, June 23, 2014
SSS v Azote, G.R. No. 209741, April 15, 2015

(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse

FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44
NCC 390-391, FC 55 (10), FC 101

Republic v Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, Dec. 10, 2013

Republic v Hon. Estrada, G.R. No. 214792, March 18, 2015
Republic v Villanueva, G.R. No. 210929, July 29, 2015
Republic v Tampus, GR 214243, March 16, 2016

Procedure
Republic v Granada, GR No. 187512, June 13, 2012

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44. Other effects of bad faith:
43, 40, 45, 81, 86

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36

FC 36, 39, 68-71

R.A. 8533

Santos v. CA 240 SCRA 20

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997

9
 Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76,
December 08, 1999
Marcos vs. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic vs. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425
Antonio vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10,2005
Te vs Te, GR No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009
Azcueta vs RP, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009
Najera v Najera, GR 164817, July 3, 2009
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, January 14, 2015
Vinas v Vinas, G. R. No. 208790, January 21, 2015
Mallilin v Jamesolamin, G.R. No. 192718, 18 Feb. 2015

(f) Incestuous marriages, FC 37 cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Marriages against public policy

FC 38, compare FC 38(6) with NCC 80(6)

RPC 246
NCC 80(7), 82
NCC 963-967

(h) Non-compliance under FC 35 (2), 53, 52. 102, 129

Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
NOTE: FC 147 and 148

2. Who can invoke nullity, FC 36, FC 39, FC 40

Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

Catalan vs. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Enrico vs. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614, September 28,
2007
Carlos s. Sandoval, GR 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010

3. When to file action for declaration of nullity

FC 39 in relation to FC 255, 256

FC 42, par. 2

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

a. Requisite for valid remarriage, see VII (E)(10)(b)

above
b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48

Malcampo Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285

Ancheta vs Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Republic v CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012

10
 Yuk Ling Ong vs CA, G.R. No. 206653, 25 Feb. 2015

c. No confession of judgment, FC 48; cf. NCC 2035

d. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Jocson v. Robles 22 SCRA 521

Tolentino v. Villanueva 56 SCRA 1

e. Participation of the OSG

Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12, 2012

f. No Motion to Dismiss

Aurelio v Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011

5. Other Matters

Chan v Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July, 14, 2013

6. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity - Art.

49, 198

7. Effects of res judicata

Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336

8. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity

(a) In general, FC 50-54, but see FC 147-148; 198, 213

(b) On remarriage, FC 40, 41

(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses, FC

Arts. 68-72

(d) On the property regime of the marriage, FC 147-148

Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011
Barrido v. Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, October 20, 2014

(e) On ‘legitimes’ of the common children

FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel. to NCC 886, 888;

FC 176
NCC 908, 1061

11
 Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
COMPARE TO: FC 147

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011

COMPARE TO:
Yu v Carpio-Reyes, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213, 102,

129, 164, 165, NCC 369

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369

Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

B. M. NO. 1625 -JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA
Remo v DFA, March 2010

(h) On hereditary rights of the former spouses, FC 43 (5), 50

(i) Effect of death, Art. 103, 130

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

IX. VOIDABLE MARRIAGES

1. Void v. voidable marriages, FC 4 cf. 45

Ninal v Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778. March 14, 2000

2. Grounds for annulment

(a) Absence of parental consent,

FC 4, 5, 14, 45(1), 47(1), 35 (1), cf R.A. 6809

(b) Insanity, FC 45(2), 47(2), NCC Art. 1149

Katipunan v Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937

(c) Fraud

FC 45(3), 46, 47(3)

Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126010. December

8, 1999

NCC 1338-1344

Buccat v. Buccat 72 Phil 49

Aquino v. Delizo 108 Phil 21
Anaya v. Palaroan 36 SCRA 97

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 Almelor vs. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008

(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence

FC 45(4), 47(4)
NCC 1335-1337
RPC 344, last paragraph

Ruiz v Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903 (1941)

Villanueva v CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e) Physical incapacity/impotence

FC 45(5), 47(5)

Jimenez v. Cañizares 109 Phil 273

Sarao v Guevara, 1940, 40 OG 11 Supp 263
Alcazar vs Alcazar, GR 174451, October 13, 2009

(f) Affliction with STD, FC (45(6), compare with FC 46(3),

47(5), 47 (3)

(g) Others

Republic v Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013

3. Who can seek annulment, FC 47, Sec. 3, AM No. 02-11-10-SC,

March 4, 2003

4. When to seek annulment. FC 47, NCC 1149

5. Procedure in actions for annulment

FC Art. 48, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Barcelona vs. CA, G. R. 130087, Sept. 24, 2003

6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment

FC 49, 198, 213

A.M No. 02-11-12-SC. March 4, 2003

7. Effects of annulment, FC 50-54, 43, 44, 86 (3), 99, 102, 129, 198, 213

(a) In general

Chan-Tan v Chan, G.R. No. 167139, February 25, 2010

(b) On remarriage, FC Art. 40

(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses, 198

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 (d) On the property regime of the marriage

FC 50, FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4), 129, 138

Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31, 2005
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(e) On ‘presumptive legitimes/hereditary rights

FC 50-53, 43 (2), FC 51 in rel to NCC 886, 888;

FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
FC 102 (5) and (6), 129 (8) and (9)

Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213. 164, 165

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369

Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

B.M. NO. 1625 -Josephine P. Uy-Timosa
Remo v DFA, March 2010

X. MARRIAGE WHEN ONE SPOUSE IS ABSENT

FC 41-44, compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87(2)

cf. RPC 349
SSS vs. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Valdez v Republic, G.R. No. 180863, September 8, 2009

XI. FORFEITURE AND DELIVERY OF PRESUMPTIVE LEGITIMES

XII. MARRIAGES DISSOLVED BY A FOREIGN JUDGMENT

NCC 15, 17 (3)

FC 26

Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139

Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita vs CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente vs CA, 345 SCRA 592
Roehr v Rodriguez, GR 142820, June 30, 2003.
Garcia vs. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego vs Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
RP vs. Orbecido, G.R.No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Amor-Catalan vs. Ca, G.R. No. 167109, February 6, 2007
Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Llave v Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Catalan v Catalan-Lee, G. R. No. 183622, February 8, 2012

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 Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Lavadia v Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014
Noveras v Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014
Edelina T. Ando v DFA, G.R. No. 195432, Aug. 27, 2014

XIII. MARRIAGES GIVING RISE TO CRIMINAL LIABILITY

FC Arts. 4, 35, 38, 16, 41

NCC 84, RPC 351-352 repealed by RA 10655, March 13, 2015,
FC 167-169

People v De Guzman, GR 185843, March 3, 2010

R.A. 6955, “An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching Filipino
Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals”

R.A. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, as amended by RA 10364

XIV. LEGAL SEPARATION

a. Grounds
Art. 55, Family Code, Art. 97, Civil Code

Cases:
Muñoz v. del Barrio, 51 OG 5217 (1955)
Ong Eng Kiam v. Ong, 505 SCRA 76 (2006)
Gandionco v. Penaranda, 155 SCRA 725 (1987)
Dela Cruz v. Dela Cruz, 22 SCRA 333 (1968)

b. Defenses
Art. 56, FC

Cases:
Willan v. Willan, 2 A11 E.R. 463 (1960)
Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35 (1960)
Bugayong v. Ginez, 100 Phil. 616 (1956)
Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil. 789 (1960)
People v. Sensano and Ramos, 58 Phil. 73 (1933)
Sargent v. Sargent, 114 A. 428 (1920)
Llave v. Republic, GR 169766 (March 2011)
Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil. 168 (1957)

c. Prescription
Arts. 57-60
Cases:
Contreras v. Macaraig, 33 SCRA 222 (1970)

d. When to Try Actions

A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 15, 2003
A.M. No. 11-1-6-SC-PHILJA, January 11, 2011

15
 e. Effects of Filing of Petition
Arts. 61-62, Family Code

Cases:
De La Vina v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 (1920)
Reyes v. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803 (1979)

f. Effects of Decree
Arts. 63, 64 Family Code
Secs. 19-20, SC Rules on Legal Separation, A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC,
March 15, 2003

Cases:
Bañez v. Bañez 374 SCRA 340 (2002)

1. Dissolution and liquidation of ACP or CPG

Cases:

2. Support and Custody

Art 213, Family Code

Case: Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340 (1956)

3. Inheritance, Donations and Designation in Insurance Policies

Sec. 22, SC Rules of Legal Separation

4. Wife’s Surname
Art. 372, Civil Code
Case:
Laperal v. Republic, 6 SCRA 357 (1962)

g. Reconciliation
How Done – Art. 65
Effects – Arts. 66-67

XV. DE FACTO SEPARATION

Read: Aguiling-Pangalangan, Marriage and Unmarried Cohabitation

Art. 100, 127, 211, 239, 242, 246, 247, FC

A. Effects on Personal Relations

Cases:
Estrada v. Escritor, 492 SCRA 1(2006)
Banaag v. Espeleta, A. M. No. P-11-3011 (2011)
Santos, Sr. v. CA, G.R. No. 113054 (1995)
Sy v. CA, G.R. No. 124518 (2007)

B. Effects on Property Relations

16
 Partosa-Jo v. CA, 216 SCRA 692 (1992)

XVI. DIVORCE

a. Brief History of Divorce

b. Absolute Divorce distinguished from other remedies
c. Foreign Divorces
Art. 15, NCC
Art. 26, Family Code

Cases:
Tenchavez v. Escaño, 17 SCRA 674 (1966)
Van Dorn v. Romillo, Jr, 139 SCRA 139 (1985)
Republic v. Obrecido, 472 SCRA 114 (2005)
Quita v. Dandan, 300 SCRA 406 (1998)
Corpuz v. Sto. Tomas, 628 SCRA 266 (2010)
Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049 (2013)
Republic v Manalo, G.R. No. 221029, April 24, 2018

d. Muslim Divorces
Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Case:
Yasin v. Sharia District Court, 241 SCRA 606 (1995)
Pacasum, Sr. v Zamoranos, G.R. No. 193719| March 21, 2017

XVII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES , FC 68-72

A. Obligation to love each other, FC 68

B. Obligation to live with the other spouse

1. General rule and exceptions

FC 68
Art. 100 (1); 127 (1); 101; 128
NCC 921 (4)
RPC 11 (2)
RPC 247

Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997

Ilusorio vs. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789. May 12, 2000.

2. Designation of domicile

(a) General rule: jointly

FC 69 par. 1, compare with NCC 110, Art. 156

Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 335

(b) Exception, FC 69 par. 2

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 De la Viña v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 at pp. 16-21

C. Joint management of family life

FC 71, 94 (last par.), 121 (last par.), 122, 146

D. Joint Obligation to Support

FC 70, 194, 94 (1) and (last par.), 121 (1) and (last par.), 146

Calderon vs Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, Jan. 09, 2013

E. The right to exercise a profession or calling

FC 73 as amended by RA 10572 (May 24, 2013), compare with NCC

117, FC Art. 94 (2), (3); FC Art. 121 (2), (3)
Art. II Sec. 14 and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC 113 compare with ROC Rule 3 Sec. 4

cf. R.A. 7192, “An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as Full &
Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation
Building”

cf. R.A. 8187, “An Act Granting Paternity Leave...”

RA 9710, Magna Carta of Women

F. Related rights/obligations

Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997

Yasin v. Shariah Court 241 SCRA (1995)

G. Civil and Criminal Sanctions

H. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children

Republic Act No. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Children

Sharica Mari Go Tan vs Spouses Tan, GR No. 168852, Sept.
30, 2008
San Diego vs RTC, G.R. No. 193960, Jan. 07, 2013
Tua v Mangrobang, G.R. No. 170701, January 22, 2014
BBB v AAA, G.R. No. 193225, February 9, 2015

XVIII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF UNMARRIED COHABITANTS

Case: Garcia v. Drilon and Jaype-Garcia, supra

A. Exercise of Profession
Art. 2, RA 9262

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 B. Use of Surname
Case: Silva v. Peralta, 110 Phil 57 (1960)

C. Property Relations
Arts. 147-148, FC

Cases:
Juaniza v. Jose, 89 SCRA 306 (1979)
Nicdao-Cariño v. Yee-Cariño, supra
Muller v Muller, G.R. No. 149615 (2006)
Rivera v. Heirs of Villanueva, 496 SCRA 135 (2006)
San Luis v. Sagalongos, 514 SCRA 294 (2007)

D. Sales and Donations Inter Vivos and Mortis Causa

Art. 87, FC

Case:
Matabuena v. Cervantes, 38 SCRA 284 (1971)
Sumbad v. CA, 308 SCRA 575 (1999)
Ching v. Goyanko, 506 SCRA 735 (2006)

E. Custody and Support of Children

RA 9255

Cases:
Silva v. CA and Gonzales, 275 SCRA 604 (1997)
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166 (2012)

I. Relief from Courts

Secs. 8, 21, RA 9262
Art. 72

Cases:
Tenchavez v. Escaño, supra
Narag v. Narag, 291 SCRA 451(1998)
De Guzman v. Perez, G.R. No. 156013 (2006)

XIX. PROPERTY RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES

A. General Provisions
Arts. 74-81, Family Code

Case: Collector v. Fisher, 110 Phil. 686 (1961)

1. Requisites for donations

Arts. 82 -83, FC

Cases:
Domalagan v. Bolifer, 33 Phil. 471(1916)
Serrano v. Solomon, 105 Phil 998 (1959)

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 Solis v. Barroso, 53 Phil. 912 (1928)
Mateo v. Lagua, 29 SCRA 864 (1969)

2. Donation propter nuptias of present or future property.

Arts. 84-85, FC

3. Grounds for Revocation of Donation propter nuptias

Art. 86, FC

4. Void Donations
Art. 87, FC

B. System of Absolute Community

1. General Provisions – Arts. 88-90, FC

2. What Constitutes Community Property – Arts. 91-93, FC
3. Charges Upon the ACP – Arts. 94-95, FC
4. Ownership and Disposition of the ACP – Arts. 96-98, FC
5. Dissolution – Arts. 99-101, FC
6. Liquidation of Assets and Liabilities – Arts. 102-104, FC

Cases:
Onas v. Javillo, 59 Phil. 733 (1934)
Vda. de Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216 (1976)
Abrenica v. Abrenica, GR 180572 (2012)

C. Conjugal Partnership of Gains

1. General Provisions – Arts. 105 – 108, FC

2. Exclusive Property – Arts. 109 – 115, FC

Cases:
Lim v. Garcia, 7 Phil. 320 (1907)
Rodriguez v. De la Cruz, 8 Phil. 665 (1907)
Peoples Bank and Trust Co. v. Register of Deeds, 60 Phil. 167 (1934)
Philippine Sugar Estates v. Poizat, 48 Phil. 536 (1925)
Castro v. Miat, 397 SCRA 271 (2003)

3. CPG
Luzon Surety Co., Inc. vs De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111
G-Tractors, Inc., vs CA, 135 SCRA 192

a. Presumption that property is conjugal

Art. 116

Cases:
Jocson v. CA, 170 SCRA 333 (1989)
Francisco v. CA, 299 SCRA 188 (1998)
Dewara v Alvero, GR 179010n(April 2011)

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 b. Properties that compose the CPG
Art. 117
Cases:
Zulueta v. Pan Am, 49 SCRA 1 (1973)
Mendoza v. Reyes, 124 SCRA 154 (1983)
Villanueva v. IAC, 192 SCRA 21 (1990)

c. Property purchased by installment

Art. 118, FC

Lorenzo v. Nicolas, 91 Phil. 686 (1952)

d. Rules on improvement
Art. 120, FC compared with Art. 158, CC
e. Charges upon the CPG
Arts. 121-123, FC

Cases:
DBP v. Adil, 161 SCRA 307 (1988)
Luzon Surety v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111 (1969)
Ayala Investment v. CA 286 SCRA 272 (1998)
Carlos v. Abelardo 380 SCRA 361 (2002)
Carandang v. Heirs of De Guzman, 508 SCRA 469 (2006)
Ros v. PNB, GR170166 (2011)

f. Administration and Disposition of the CPG

Art. 124-125

Cases:
Jader-Manalo v. Camaisa 374 SCRA 498 (2002)
Villanueva v. Chiong, 554 SCRA 197 (2008)
Flores v Lindo, GR 169766 (March 2011)

g. Dissolution of the CPG

Arts. 126-128

h. Liquidation of Assets and Liabilities

Arts. 129-133

Cases:
Go v. Go, GR 157537 (September 2011)

D. Separation of Property and Administration of Common Property by one

Spouse: Judicial separation of property Arts. 134-142
Case:
Maquilan v. Maquilan 524 SCRA 166 (2007)

E. Regime of Separate Property

Arts. 142-146

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 F. Property Regimes of Unions Without Marriage
Arts. 147-148

XX. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concepts of paternity, filiation and legitimacy, FC 163

B. Legitimate children, FC 164 cf. FC 165 in rel to NCC 256-257, 166, 167,
168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, An Act Repealing the Crime of
Premature Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No. 3815, otherwise known as
The Revised Penal Code, March 2015, FC 169

Angeles vs Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363

SSS vs. Aguas, G.R. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006
Suntay v Suntay, GR 183053, October 10, 2012

1. Who are considered legitimate children

(a) Conceived during marriage cf. ROC Rule 131 Sec.

3(dd), FC Art. 168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, An Act Repealing
the Crime of Premature Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No. 3815,
otherwise known as The Revised Penal Code, March 2015

1. valid marriage

Arbolario v CA, G.R. No. 129163, April 22, 2003

Continental Steel v Montano, Oct. 13, 2009

2. terminated marriage under FC 42 in rel. to FC

43(1)
3. void marriages under FC 54
4. voidable marriages, FC 45

Suntay v Suntay, GR 132524, Dec. 29, 1998

(b) Born during marriage, FC 164

(c) Conceived by artificial insemination cf. NCC 40,
FC 164
(d) Adopted children, RA 8552, Sec. 17
(e) Legitimated children, 177, 178

2. Rights of legitimate children, FC 173-174

NCC 364, 374, 376

NCC 888, NCC 979

Ong vs CA, 272 SCRA 725

Rep. vs CA, 300 SCRA 138

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 Heirs of Basbas v. Basbas, G.R. No. 188773, September 10,
2014

C. Illegitimate children

1. Who are considered illegitimate

(a) under NCC

(b) under FC 165
Uy v Chua, G.R. No. 183965, September 18, 2009

2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 173, 172, 175-176

Manungas v Loreto, GR 193161, August 22, 2011

Gotardo v Buling, GR 165166, August 15, 2012

D. Action to impugn legitimacy

Reyes vs. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010

1. Grounds, FC 166

(a) Physical impossibility of access

Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165

Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Concepcion vs. CA, G.R. No. 123450, Aug. 31, 2005

(b) Biological or other scientific grounds

A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC (RULE ON DNA Evidence)

FC 170, 171

Agustin, June 15, 2005

Herrera vs. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Estate v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, Dec. 17, 2007
Lucas v Lucas, GR No. 190710, June 6, 2011

(c.) FC 166(3)

2. Effect of a mother’s declaration, FC 167

Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18

3. In subsequent marriages, FC 168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, An

Act Repealing the Crime of Premature Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No.
3815, otherwise known as The Revised Penal Code, March 2015, 169

People v Quitoriano, January 20, 1997

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 4. Presumptions, FC 170, 171

5. Who may impugn, FC 170-171

Republic v Magpayo, GR 189476, Feb. 2, 2011

Geronimo v Santos, G.R. No. 197099, Sept. 25, 2015

6. Prescription of action to impugn legitimacy

Gaspay v. CA, 238 SCRA 163

E. Proof of Filiation

1. Of legitimate children, FC 172-173

Heirs of Conti v CA, G.R. No. 118464, December 21, 1998

De Jesus vs. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
Aguilar v Siasat, G.R. No. 200169, Jan. 28 2015

2. Of illegitimate children, FC 175

Lucas v Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011

Gotardo v Buling, GR 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v Baring, GR 172471, November 12, 2012

3. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 176

4. Compulsory recognition, cf. RPC 345

People v Abella, G.R. No. 177295, January 6, 2010

People v. Gersamio, G.R. No. 207098, July 08, 2015

F. Legitimated Children

1. who may be legitimated, FC 177, RA 9858

Abadilla vs Tabiliran, 249 SCRA 447

2. How legitimation takes place, FC 178, FC 180

BBB v AAA, G.R. No. 193225, February 9, 2015

3. Retroactivity and effects, FC 180-181

4. Action to impugn legitimation, FC 182

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 5. Rights of legitimated children, FC 179

XXI. ADOPTION

Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
Bartolome v SSS, G.R. No. 19253, Nov. 12, 2014
Oribello v CA, G.R. No. 163504, Aug. 5, 2015
R.A. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Law)
R.A. 8043, “The Law on Inter-Country Adoption”
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)

A. Requisites to be an adopter

1. Age and capacity required – Sec. 7

2. Husband and wife jointly – Sec. 7

Michelle Lim, GR 168992, May 21, 2009

3. Need for consent – Sec. 9

Landingin vs. RP, G.R. No. 164948, June 27, 2006

4. Aliens as adopters – Sec. 7 (b)

Republic v. Toledano, 233 SCRA 9

B. Who may not adopt, Sec. 7

C. Who may be adopted, Sec. 8

D. Who may not be adopted

E. Effect of death, Sec. 13

F. Procedure in adoption

G. Effects of a decree of adoption

1. On status, Sec. 17

Bagayas vs Bagayas, G.R. Nos. 187308, Sept. 18, 2013

2. On parental authority, Sec. 16

Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575

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 3. On hereditary rights, Sec. 18; FC 189-190; Art. 39, PD 603, Rule
99, Section 5
See: Balane, Ruben, Jottings in Succession, [2006 ed.]

Bartolome v SSS, G.R. No. 19253, Nov. 12, 2014

4. On name, NCC 365

In the Matter of Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, 454 SCRA 541

5. Others, Sec. 13

H. Rescission of adoption, Sec. 19

Lahom vs. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003
1. by the adopted
2. by the adopter/s
3. effects of rescission, Sec. 20

XXII. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN

A. Concept of parental authority, Art. II, Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution, FC 209,
211, 176, 226, NCC 356-363

Habeas Corpus Of Minor Shang Ko Vingson v Cabcaban, UDK No.

14817, January 13, 2014
Caram v Segui, GR 193652, Aug. 5, 2014

B. Transfer of PA, FC 210 cf. FC 223-224, FC 234, 217, 214, 49

Eslao vs CA, 266 SCRA 317

C. Who exercises PA, FC 211-213, 221 cf. FC 221, 49, 102(6), 43(2), 63(2),
176. 49, 102 (6), 129 (9)

Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054 (1995)

Tonog vs. CA, 376 SCRA 642
Briones vs. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004
Gualberto vs. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994. June 28, 2005
Grande v Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014
Bucal v Bucal, G.R. No. 206957, June 17, 2015

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