HW - CARBOHYDRATES

RICA SALOMON
1. a) Beta anomer, C2- anomeric carbon
b) C2 - C5
c) solid

2. a) Beta anomer, C2- anomeric carbon

b) C1 - C5
c) solid

3. a) The disaccharide maltose is a reducing sugar since only one of it's two anomeric carbon is bound by
oxide linkages. Therefore when hydrolyzed with water it will yield to a free carbonyl group.
b) oxide linkage
c) C4, 2nd structure

4. a) The disaccharide sucrose is a non reducing sugar since the C1 from the 1st glucose molecule and C2
from the 2nd fructose molecule are both bound by oxide and glycosidic linkages. Hence, there is no free
carbonyl group that can reduce other compunds.

b) The answer is None. As mentioned in letter A both C1 from the 1st glucose molecule and C2 from
the 2nd fructose molecule are bounded by oxide and glycosidic linkages. Hence, it cannot yield to a free
carbonyl group when hydrolyzed.

c) The answer is none since sucrose is a non reducing sugar.

5. a) C1 - C4

b) The complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide yield to a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides

(aldohexose and ketohexose) are all reducing sugars. When water hydrolyzes the oxide linkages, it frees
the carbonyl group. Free carbonyl group gives the sugar its reducing properties. Therefore, all
monosaccharides are reducing sugars.

c) Fehling's test is a type of oxidizing test for monosaccharides and can be used to detect glucose and
fructose. Reducing sugars give positive results in all oxidizing tests, so when there is a presence of
glucose in a solution, a brick-red precipitate will form indicating a positive result.