9/9/17

Class Announcements
• Reminder - PAR-Q
• http://eparmedx.com/
• Print
• Don’t worry about witness or parent/guardian/care provider
signatures

• E-mail

• Parkinson’s Association of Northern

California (PANC) Annual Conference
• Volunteers? panc@panctoday.org

Previous Lecture
Review
• Early Period
• Foundations of Motor Control
and Learning
• Middle Period
• Birth of Kinesiology
• Information Processing
theories
• Modern Period
• Neurophysiology à New Theories

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What Is a Skill?

Chapter 2

Key Questions
• What is a skill? • Problems
Define? Classify? researchers face?
• Motor skills vs. • How can motor
other skills? skills be
• Common meaningfully
characteristics? classified?
• Factors
influencing
performance?

The Domains of Skill

• Skilled behavior
• ‘High’ level of
proficiency
• Skill domains
• Cognitive skills
• Ex. Physicist
• Perceptual skills
• Ex. Braille Reading
• Motor skills

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Cognitive Skills Domain

• Most important
aspects
• Knowing what to do
• Knowing how to do it
• Measurement of
success
• Individual knowledge
• Cognitive abilities

Perceptual Skills Domain

• Most important
aspect
• Discern sensory stimuli
• To detect information

• Measurement of
success
• Sensing when and how to
act
• Perceptual-motor

Motor Skills Domain

• Most important aspect

• Doing it and doing it
correctly
• Not just sports skills but also
ADLs

• Measurement of
success
• Quality of movement

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Motor Skill = Cognitive-

Perceptual-Motor Domains
Figure 2.1in Edwards (2011)

Similarities in Learning
in All Domains

• Transfer specificity • Similar training

• Learning rates effects
• Learning stages • Involvement of neural
substrates
• Individual • Common neural
differences in skill mechanisms
performance
• Importance of
imagery

Common Neural
Substrate – Basal Ganglia
MOTOR COGNITIVE

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Common Neural
Substrate - Cerebellum
MOTOR COGNITIVE

Holistic View of Movement

Classification for Motor
Control
• Common…. and
different brain
areas for skills
• Direct research Motor Perceptual Cognitive

• Understanding/treating
neurological disorders

Motor Perceptual Cognitive

But What, Exactly, Is a

Skill? Motor Skill?
• Three important elements
• Broad range of human behaviors
• Goal-oriented
• Learned
• Defining motor skills specifically
• Coordination
• Specific environmental goals
• Learned

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Alternate Definition of Motor

Skills
• Characteristics of performer
• Same skill ≄ same performance
• Three features of skilled
• Maximum certainty of goal achievement
• Minimum energy expenditure
• Maintaining quality with ⬆ speed
• Besting the speed/accuracy trade-off

Skills, Movements, and

Abilities
• Response, Action and Motor Skills….Synonyms?
• Response and action ≄ learned
• Movement/Voluntary Movement
• Refer to first lecture!
• Kicking = skill or movement or both?!
• Ability
• Stable & enduring traits
• Genetically inherited
• Building blocks of skills

Group Activity
Classify these skills into cognitive, perceptual or motor
domains
~ 5 mins in groups of 2-4 then whole group
discussion
• Playing the piano • Singing
• Cooking a steak dinner • Eating a burrito
• Quarterback ‘reading’ a • Reading your Motor
defense Learning & Control
• Performing a long jump textbook
• Coach calling a basketball • Watching NFL football
play game
• Returning a tennis serve

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