10/1/17

Introduction

Chapter 1

Chapter 1 Review

• 3 general categories of
movements
• Reflexes/involuntary, voluntary and
motor skills
• Motor Learning
• Acquiring, promoting and inhibiting
• Learning principles, and practice
• Motor Control
• Mechanisms for dynamic or static control

1
 10/1/17

Chapter 1 Review - cont

Brain and Psychological

nervous Processes
system

Environment/ Type of
Context Behavior Movement
(Movement)

Physiological Biomechanical
Systems Systems

Chapter 1 Review - cont

• Early Period
• Sherrington à Reciprocal innervation
and final common pathway
• Bernstein à DOF and synergies
• Thorndlike à Law of effect
• Middle Period
• Birth of Kinesiology
• Information Processing theories
• Modern Period
• Neurophysiology à New Theories

2
 10/1/17

What Is a Skill?

Chapter 2

Chapter 2 Review
• 3 skill domains
• Motor à Doing it and well
• Cognitive à What and How
• Perceptual à Discerning sensory Motor Perceptual Cognitive

• Similarities in Principles à Learning

• Neurophysiological similarities and
differences

• Motor skills definition

• Perspective of skill vs. performer
• Goal-oriented, coordinate and learnt
• Certainty of goal, Min. energy, and ⬆ quality
with speed

Chapter 2 Review - cont

• 4 Common • 4 Problems
Characteristic • DOF
• Motor Equivalence • Perceptual-Motor
• Goal à Diff. patterns • Timing
• Motor Variability • Acquisition
• Uniqueness
• Motor Consistency
• Goals à Reliably • 1- and 2-
• Motor Modifiability
• Alter à New goal
Dimensional
Classification
• Gentile’s

3
 10/1/17

Classification of Skills by
Stability of Environment

Classification of Skills by
Temporal Predictability

Classification of Skills
by Movement Precision

4
 10/1/17

Applications of Gentile’s
Taxonomy

The Neurological Basis of

Human Movement
Chapter 3

5
 10/1/17

Chapter 3 Review
• Neurons
• Summation EPSP’s
à Action Potentials
• Synapse à NT’s and
receptors
• Excitation vs.
Inhibition

Somatosensory System

Dorsal Column – Medial

Lemniscus (DC-ML) Pathway

6
 10/1/17

Auditory System

Visual System

Comparison of Focal and

Ambient Visual Systems

7
 10/1/17

Chapter 3 Review – Deep

Structures
• Brainstem à
Medulla, Pons
• Reticular Formation
• Cerebellum
• Basal Ganglia
• Hippocampus
• Limbic System
• Thalamus and
Hypothalamus

Chapter 3 Review –
Cerebral Cortex

Chapter 3 Review –
Motor Neurons and MUs

8
 10/1/17

Theoretical Perspectives

Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Review
• Hypothesis-Theory-Law
• Cognitive-based Theories
• Closed control system
• MP vs. GMP
• Adams vs. Schmidt’s Schema
• Closed-loop vs. open-loop control
• Fitts’ Law

• Dynamical Systems Theory

• Open control system
• Complex à Self-Organize àEmerge
• Adaptability à Constraints
• Order/Stability à Attractors

9
10/1/17

10