la?

k&jkT; {ks=k
(Hkkx&8)
UNION TERRITORIES
(PART-8)
vuqPNsn&239(1) ds vuqlkj] la?k&jkT; {ks=k dk iz'kklu jk"Vªifr ds }kjk pyk;k tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr bl mn~ns'; ds fy,
la?k&jkT; {ks=k esa iz'kkld dh fu;qfDr djrk gS vkSj iz'kklu ds ekè;e ls og 'kklu djrk gSA
According to Art.239(1), the administration of the Union Territories are operated by the President.
For this purpose the President appoints the administrator and he administers through the
administrators.
vuq-&239(2) ds vuqlkj] fdlh fudVorhZ jkT; ds jkT;iky dks la?k&jkT; {ks=k dk iz'kkld fu;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gS

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vkSj og iz'kkld ds :i esa vius jkT; ds eaf=kifj"kn~ ls Lora=k jg dj dk;Z djsxka

IL
According to Art.-239(2), the governor of any near by state could be appointed as the administrator
of the Union territory and he as an administrator can act independently from the council of ministers
of his state.
W
vuq-&239(A) ds vuqlkj laln fdlh la?k&jkT; {ks=k ds fy, fo/kulHkk ,oa eaf=kifj"kn~ dk xBu dj ldrh gS vkSj laln
dk ;g dk;Z lafo/ku la'kks/ku ugha le>k tk,xkA
According to Art.-239(A), the Parliament can constitute a legislative assembly and a council of
ministers for any union territory and this act of the parliament will not be considered constitution
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amendment.
vuq-&240 ds vuqlkj] jk"Vªifr v.Meku&fudksckj y{k}hi] nknjk&ukxj gosyh] nee }ho vkSj iqnqpsjh ds vPNs 'kklu ds
EE

fy, fofu;e cuk ldsxkA

AP

According to Art.-240, the President can make regulations for the good governance of Andaman
and Nicobar, Lakshwadeep, Dadra-Nagar Havali, Daman and Diev and Puducherry.
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fnYyh ds fo"k; esa fo'ks"k izko/ku@Special Provision related to Delhi%&

69osa lafo/ku la'kks/u 1991 ds }kjk fnYyh ds fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr izko/ku fd;s x;s gSaA
CA

The following provisions were made related to Delhi by the 69th constitution Amendment.
1- bldk uke cnydj NCT (jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh jkT; {ks=k fnYyh) dj fn;k x;k gSA
Its name was changed to National Capital Territory (NCT).
2- fnYyh ds fy, iz'kkld dk uke mi&jkT;iky dj fn;k x;k gSaA
The name of the administrator was changed for Delhi to lieutenant Governor.
3- 70 lanL;h; fo/kulHkk fufeZr dh x;h gSA ftls leorhZ lwph ds lHkh fo"k;ksa vkSj jkT; lwph dh izo`f"V la[;k&1] 2]
18] 64] 65] 66 dks NksM+dj lHkh fo"k;ksa ij fof/ cukus dh 'kfDr gksxhA
A 70 Membered legislative assembly has been constituted. Which has the right to enact all the
laws except the entry number- 1, 2, 18, 64, 65, 65 of the state list and all the subjects of concurrent
list.
4- mi&jk"Vªifr ftu ckrksa esa foosd ls dk;Z djuk mlds fy, visf{kr gS mUgsa NksM+dj vU; ckrksa ij eaf=kifj"kn~ ds ijke'kZ
ls dk;Z djsxkA
The Lieutenant Governor shall act on the advice of the council of ministers except on the issues
on which he is expected to work discretionarily.

Polity By:- D.K. Choudhary Sir 1

5- eq[;ea=kh lfgr eaf=k ifj"kn~ dh dqy la[;k fo/kulHkk dh la[;k ds 10» ls vf/d ugha gksxhA
The total number of the council of ministers shall not exceed more than 10% of total number of
the legislative assembly.

6- jk"Vªifr fnYyh ds eq[;ea=kh dh fu;qfDr djsxk vkSj mldh ijke'kZ ls vU; eaf=k;ksa dks fu;qDr djsxk rFkk ea=kh] jk"Vªifr
ds izlkn i;Zar in /kj.k djsxsaA
The President will appoint the chief Minister of Delhi and with his advice appoints the other
ministers and the minister will hold the office on the pleasure of the President.

7- eaf=k ifj"kn~ fnYyh fo/kulHkk ds izfr lkewfgd :i ls mÙkjnk;h gksxhA

The President will appoint the chief Minister of Delhi and with his advice appoints the other
ministers and the minister will hold the office on the pleasure of the President.
8- laoS/kfud ra=k foiQy gksus dh n'kk esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw fd; tk ldsxkA

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The Presidents rule could be imposed in the situation of failure of constitutional machinery.

9- fnYyh fo/kulHkk ds l=k esa u jgus ij mi&jkT;iky jk"Vªifr dk vuqns'k izkIr dj vè;kns'k tkjh dj ldrk gSA

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The lieutenant governor can issue ordinance on the direction of the President If the legislative
assembly of Delhi is not in session.
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10- mi jkT;iky ,oa CM ds eè; erHksn dh n'kk esa mi&jkT;iky fo"k; dks jk"Vªifr ds ikl Hkstsaxs vkSj jk"Vªifr }kjk fn,
x, fu.kZ; ds vk/kj ij nksuksa dk;Z djsaxsA tc rd jk"Vªifr fu.kZ; ugha nsrk vkSj fo"k; ij dk;Zokgh djuk vfr vko';d
gS rc mi&jkT;iky (LG) tSls pkgs fu.kZ; dj ldrk gSA
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In the situation of disagreement between the lieutenant governor and the CM, the governor will
sent the issue to the President and then both will work on the basis of the decision given by the
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President. Until the President not gives his decision and if is very essential to take action on the
issue. Then the LG can act as per his will.
AP

fnYyh ds CM o mi&jkT;iky (LG) ds eè; erHksn%

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Disagreement between the CM and Lieutenant governor of Delhi:

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2015 ls nksuksa ds eè; erHksn rsth ls izdV gq, gSaA tcfd lafo/ku esa vuq-&239(AA)(4) esa Li"V :i ls fookn dh
n'kk esa dk;Z djus ds rjhds dk o.kZu gSA
After 2015 the disagreement between the both has surfaced much quickly. Where as the Art.
239(A)(4) clearly describes the manner of doing work in the situation of disagreement.

o"kZ 2018 esa SC us fookn dk lek/ku nsrs gq, dgk fd LG dks lkekU;r;k eaf=k ifj"kn~ ds ijke'kZ ds vk/kj ij dk;Z
djuk pkfg,A ;|fi mls foosdh 'kfDr lkSaih x;h gS fdarq mudk iz;ksx dqN ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fd;k tk ldrk gS] lHkh ;k
vfèkdka'k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ughaA bl izdkj] U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; lafo/ku esa of.kZr izko/kuksa dh Li"V O;k[;k; djrk gS ftlds
ikyu ls fookn dh laHkkouk,¡ lekIr gks tkrh gSaA
In 2018, the SC while resolving the dispute held that LG should generally act on the basis of the
advice of the council of ministers. Although he has been granted discretionary power but they could
be used in few conditions, not in all as most circumstances. Thus, the decision of the court clearly
explains the provisions mentioned in the constitution following of which ends all the possibilities of
dispute.

Polity By:- D.K. Choudhary Sir 2

 fnYyh dks jkT; dk ntkZ nsus dk ek¡x
Demand of statehood of Delhi
i{k esa rdZ@Argument in favour%&
1- fnYyh dh tula[;k esa rhoz o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ifj.kke Lo:i yksxksa dh leL;kvksa ds lek/ku ds fy, Lora=k vf/dkj feyuk
pkfg,A
The population of Delhi has expanded rapidly. As a result, independent rights should bbe provided
for resolving the problems of the people.
2- fnYyh ljdkj dk vkjksi gS fd la?k ljdkj ds dkj.k mlds dk;ksZa esa ck/k,¡ mRiUu gksrh gSaA
The Delhi government alleges that due to the Union Government its functions are obstructed.
3- fnYyh dks jkT;lwph ds lHkh fo"k;ksa ij fof/ cukus dk vf/dkj ugha fn;k x;k gS vkSj dkuwu O;oLFkk tSls egRoiw.kZ fo"k;
mlds ikl ugha gSA
Delhi has not been given the right to enact law on every subjects of the state list and it does not

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have most important subjects like law and order.
4- fnYyh vkSj la?k%& ljdkj esa vyx&vyx nyksa dh ljdkj gksus ds dkj.k fookn vkSj xgjs mRiUu gq, gSaA

IL
Due to different party governments at center and Delhi the disputes have deepened.
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foi{k esa rdZ@Argument Against%&
1- fnYyh] jk"Vª dh jkt/kuh gS vkSj izR;sd ns'k dh dsanzh; ljdkj jkt/kuh dks vius fu;a=k.k esa j[krh gSA
Delhi is the capital of the country and Union government of every country keep the capital under
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its control.
2- jkt/kuh gksus ds dkj.k fnYyh esa la?k ljdkj dks ,sls vusd nkf;Roksa dk fuokZg djuk gksrk gS tks ns'k dh varjkZ"Vªh; Nfo
EE

o fLFkfr dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA

AP

The Union government has to discharge several responsibilities in Delhi due to its being the
capital which affects the international image and position of the country.
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;fn fnYyh dks Lora=k ntkZ fn;k tk,xk rks la?k ljdkj dks ,sls nkf;Roksa ds fuokZg esa ck/k mRiUu gksxhA
It Delhi is granted independent status. Then the Union government will face obstructions in
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discharging such responsibilities.

3- fnYyh fo/kulHkk dks jkT;lwph ds dsoy 6 fo"k;ksa ij fof/ fuekZ.k dk vf/dkj ugha gSA ;s fo"k;&iqfyl] dkuwu&O;oLFkk]
Hkwfe vkSj dqN izfØ;kvksa ls lacaf/r gSA vU; lHkh fo"k;ksa ij fnYyh fo/ku lHkk dks fof/ cukus dk vf/dkj gSA la?k
ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; o varjkZ"Vªh; nkf;Roksa ds fuokZg ds fy, bu fo"k;ksa dk la?k ds fu;=ak.k esa gksuk vko';d gSA
The legislative assembly of Delhi does not have the right to make laws on only 6 subjects. These
subjects are-police, law and order, land and related to some producers. The legislative assembly
of Delhi can make laws on rest all the subjects. For discharging the national and international
responsibilities these subjects should be under the control of the Union government.
4- bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd yksd dY;k.k ls lacaf/r lHkh fo"k;ksa ij fof/ fufeZr djus dk vf/dkj fnYyh fo/kulHkk
dks lkSaik x;k gSA bl izdkj] u lkSisa x;s fo"k;ksa dh ek¡x jktuSfrd LokFkZ ls izk;% iszfjr jgh gSA
It also means that the right to make laws on all the subjects related to public welfare has been
granted to the legislative assembly of Delhi. Thus, the demand of subjects not granted is generally
motivated by political interest.

Polity By:- D.K. Choudhary Sir 3

tEew&d'ehj ds fo"k; esa izko/ku@Provision in the context of Jammu & Kashmir%&
tEew&d'ehj jkT; iquxZBu fo/s;d] 5 vxLr 2019 dks jkT;lHkk esa izLrqr vkSj ikfjr fd;k x;k] 6 vxLr 2019 dks
bls yksdlHkk us ikfjr dj fn;k vkSj 9 vxLr] 2019 dks jk"Vªifr us bl fo/s;d ij vuqefr iznku dj nhA ifj.kkeLo:i
tEew&d'ehj iquxBZu vf/fu;e] 2019 laln ds }kjk ikfjr gks x;kA blds lkFk gh jk"Vªifr us lafo/ku (tEew&d'ehj esa ykxw)
vkns'k&2019 ikfjr fd;kA buds ifj.kke Lo:i
The Jammu & Kashmir state Reorganization Bill was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on 5, August,
2019 and was passed; then 6 August 2019 it was passed in the Lok Sabha and on 9 August 2019 the
President gave his assent to the Bill. As a result Jammu and Kashmir reogranisation. Bill-2019 was
passed by the Parliament. Along with this the President also passed the constitution (Enforcement in
Jammu & Kashmir) Order-2019 as a result-
1- 1954 esa tkjh fd;s jk"Vªifr }kjk vkns'k dk izHkko lekIr gks x;k] ftls vuq-&35(A) ds uke ls Hkh iqdkjk tkrk FkkA
The effect of the order issued by the President in 1954 ended, which is also known as Article
35(A).

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2- Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds lHkh izko/ku tEew&d'ehj ij ykxw dj fn, x, gSaA

IL
All the provisions of Indian constitution have been enforced in Jammu and Kashmir.
3- lafo/ku ds vuq-&367 esa mi[k.M&4 tksM+dj tEew&d'ehj dks vuq-&370 ds varxZr fn, x, vLFk;h :i ls fo'ks"k ntsZ
dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k gSA vkSj vuq-&370 esa of.kZr tEew&d'ehj dh lafo/ku lHkk dks fo/kulHkk }kjk izfrLFkkfir dj
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fn;k x;k gSA
The special status of Jammu & Kashmir temporarily given under Art.370 was abolished by inserting
sub section-4 in Article-367 of the constitution. And the term "constituent assembly of Jammu &
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Kashmir" has been replaced by legislative assembly.

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dqN egRoiw.kZ izko/ku@Some Major Provisions %&
1- tEew&d'ehj iquxZBu vf/fu;e }kjk bls tEew&d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vdj la?k&jkT; {ks=k ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k
AP

gSA tEew&d'ehj fo/kulHkk ikfjr la?k&jkT; {ks=k gksxk vkSj yn~nk[k fo/kulHkk lfgr UT gksxkA
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It has been divided into two union territories of Kashmir and Laddakh by the Jammu & Kashmir
Reorganization Act. Jammu and Kashmir will have a legislative assembly and Laddakh will not
have a legislative assembly.
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2- vuq-&239(1) ds varxZr jk"Vªifr }kjk J&K ds fy, iz'kkld fu;qDr fd;k tk,xk ftls mi&jkT;iky dgk tk,xkA
Under Art.-239(1), an administrator will be appointed by the President for J&K who will be called
as the Lieutenant Governor.
3- mu ckrksa dks NksM+dj ftuesa mi jkT;iky }kjk foosdh 'kfDr] U;kf;d ;k v¼Z U;kf;d 'kfDRk dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk gS]
vU; ckrksa ds fy, lykg nsus ds fy, eaf=kifj"kn~ gksxh ftldk iz/ku CM gksxkA
There shall be a council of ministers headed by the CM to give advice to the LG except on the
matters in which the LG will have discretionary power. Judicial and quassi-Judicial power.
bl izdkj mi jkT;iky dks foosdh'kfDr lkSaih x;h gS mlds }kjk foosd ds vuqlkj fy;k x;k vafre gksxk rFkk ;g iz'u
ugha mBk;k tk ldrk fd mls foosd ds vuqlkj dk;Z djuk pkfg, Fkk ;k ughaA mijkT;iky fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa esa foosd ls
dk;Z djsxkA
Thus, the LG has been provided with discretionary power, his discretionary decision will be final
and no question could be raised that he should have acted on discretion as not. The LG will act on
discretion in the following matters.

Polity By:- D.K. Choudhary Sir 4

1- tks fo/kulHkk dh 'kfDr;ksa ls ckgj ds fo"k; gksaA
The subjects which are out of the jurisdiction of the legislative council.
2- tgk¡ fof/ ds vuqlkj foosd ls dk;Z djuk visf{kr gksa ;k U;kf;d dk;Z djuk gksA
Where it is expected to act discretionary or act just fully instead of according to law.
3- vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/d C;wjks ls lacaf/r fo"k;A
Subject related to All India services and corruption prevention Bureau.
4- eaf=k ifj"kn~ dh lnL; la[;k%& J&K ds eaf=kifj"kn~ dh dqy lnL; la[;k (CM lfgr) fo/kulHkk dh dqy lnL;
la[;k ds 10» ls vf/d ugha gksxhA
Number of members of the council of ministers:- The total number of members of the council
of ministers(including CM) shall not exceed more then 10% of the total number of members of the
legislative assembly.
5- mi jkT;iky CM dh fu;qDr djsxk vkSj CM ds ijke'kZ ij vU; ea=kh dh fu;qDr djsxk rFkk ea=kh mi jkT;iky ds izlkn

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i;Zar in /kj.k djsxkA dksbZ O;fDr fo/kulHkk dk lnL; cus fcuk 6 ekg rd ea=kh jg ldrk gSA
The LG will appoint the CM and shall appoint other ministers on the advice of CM and the

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ministers will hold office till the pleasure of the president. No person can remain a minister
without becoming a member of legislative assembly.
6- mi jkT;iky eaf=k;ksa dks in o xksiuh;rk dh 'kiFk fnyk;xsaA
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The LG will administer the oath of office and secrecy to the ministers.
7- eaf=k ifj"kn~ lkewfgd :i ls fo/kulHkk ds izfr mÙkjnk;h gksxhA
The council of ministers will be collectively responsible to the legislative assembly.
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8- lHkh dk;Zikfydk dk;Zokgh LG ds uke ls dh gqbZ tk,xh] pkgs og eaf=k ifj"kn~ ds ijke'kZ ls dh x;h gks ;k ughaA
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All the executive function shall be done in the name of the LG; wither it has been done by the
advice of the council of ministers or not.
AP

9- CM dk ;g nkf;Ro gksxk&
The CM will have the responsibility-
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A. iz'kklu ,oa fo/k;h izLrkoksa ls lacaf/r lwpuk LG dk nsA

He will inform the LG about the administrative and legislative proposals.
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B. LG bl fo"k; esa tks lwpuk ek¡xs og nsA

He will provide whatever information asked by LG in this regard.
10- fo/ku ifj"kn~ dk lekiu dj fn;k x;k gSA
The legislative council has been done away with.
11- fo/kulHkk esa izR;{k fuokZpu }kjk 107 lhVsa Hkjh tk ldsxh ftuesa 24 lhVs POK ds fy, fjDr jgsxhA
107 seats could be filled in the legislative assembly by direct election out of which 24 seats will be
left vacant for POK.
12- LG fo/kulHkk esa nks efgyk lnL;ksa dks euksuhr dj ldrk gSA ;fn mldh jk; esa efgykvksa dks fo/kulHkk esa i;kZIr
izfrfuf/Ro ugha feyk gksA
The LG could nominated two women in the legislative assembly. If he believes that women are not
adequately represented in the legislative assembly.
13- fo/kulHkk dk dk;Zdky 5 o"kZ] izFke cSBd dh frfFk lsA
The term of office of legislative assembly will be of 5 years the date of first sitting.

Polity By:- D.K. Choudhary Sir 5

14- tEew&d'ehj dh fo/kulHkk dks jkT; lwph dh izo`f"V la[;k&1 o 2 vFkkZr yksd O;oLFkk o iqfyl dks NksM+dj vU;
lHkh fo"k;ksa ij fof/ cukus dh 'kfDr gksxh vkSj leorhZ lwph dh lHkh fo"k;ksa ij fof/ cukus dh 'kfDr gksxhA
The legislative assembly will have power to make laws on all the subject enlisted in the state list
except entry 1 and 2 that means public order and police and can make laws on all the subjects of
the concurrent list.
15- LG fo/kulHkk dk l=k cqyk ldrk gS] lek/ku dj ldrk gS ,oa fo?kVu dj ldrk gSA
The LG can summon the session of legislative assembly, can adjurn and dissolve.
16- nks voljksa] lk/kj.k fuokZpu ds i'pkr~ fo/kulHkk dh igyh cSBd vkSj izR;sd o"kZ ds izFke l=k dks LG vo'; lacksfèkr
djsxkA
The LG will necessarily address the first sitting, after every election and first session of every
year.
17- LG vè;kns'k tkjh djus ds 'kfDr j[ksxkA ('ks"k jkT;iky dh Hkk¡fr)A
The LG has the ordinance making power (like the other governors)

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18- fo/s;d LG dh vuqefr ls dkuwu cusxsaA og vuqefr ns ldrk gS] jksd ldrk gS] ;k /u fo/s;d dks NksMdj vU; dks
fo/kulHkk ds ikl iqufoZpkj ds fy, okil Hkst ldrk gS ;k jk"Vªifr ds fopkj ds fy, vkjf{kr dj ldrk gSA og

IL
fuEufyf[kr fo/s;d dks jk"Vªifr ds fopkj ds fy, vkjf{kr djsxkA
The Bill will become law after the assent of the LG. He can give assent, withhold as can reserve
the bill for the consideration of the President. He can reserve the following bills for the consideration
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of the President.
A. HC dh 'kfDr;ksa esa deh ls lacaf/r gksA
Related to reduction in the power of HC.
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B. vuq-&31(A) ds [k.M&1 ds izko/ku ls lacaf/r gksA

Related to the provision of section (1) of Art.-31(A)
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C. jk"Vªifr us vkns'k }kjk ftls vkjf{kr djus ds fy, dgk gSA
Which is asked by the President to reserve by an order.
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19- tc J&K, UT dk iz'kklu bl izko/ku ds rgr ugha pyk;k tk ldrk rc bls laoS/kfud ra=k dh vliQYkrk ekuh tk,xh
vkSj jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw fd;k tk,xkA vFkok ;fn J&K ds iz'kklu ds fy, vko';d gks rks jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw fd;k
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tk ldsxkA
When the J&K UT could not be operated according to this provision then it will be considered
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failure of constitutional machinery and the President rule could be imposed or if it is required for
an administration of J&K then the President can impose the President rule.

yn~nk[k ds fy, izko/ku@Provision of Laddakh%&

1- yn~nk[k dk iz'kklu jk"Vªifr }kjk LG ds ekè;e ls pyk;k tk,xkA
The administration of Laddakh will be done by the President through the LG.
2- jk"Vªifr vuq-&240 ds vuqlkj yn~nk[k dh 'kkafr] mUufr vkSj vPNs 'kklu ds fy, fofu;e cuk ldrk gSA ,sls fofu;e
}kjk laln ds fdlh Hkh fof/ dks la'kksf/r ;k lekIr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ,sls fofu;e dk izHkko laln }kjk fufeZr
fd;s x, fof/ ds Hkk¡fr gksxkA
The President can make regulation for peace, progress and good governance of Laddakh according
to the Art.-240. Any law of the Parliament can be annulled as amended by such regulation and
such regulation will have similar effect as the law made by the Parliament.

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Polity By:- D.K. Choudhary Sir 6