SCIENCE 8 SUMMATIVE TEST 1 Quarter 1

Coverage: Module 1& 2 and Learners Packet 2&3

Short Review!

Law of Acceleration and Law of Interaction

 The relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of the object to the
acceleration of the object is given by Newton’s 2nd law of motion. The 2nd law states
that acceleration is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely
proportional to mass.

 If the net acting on an object is constant, its velocity changes at a constant rate over
time. Hence, it is considered to be moving with constant acceleration. But if the force
acting on the object is changed, its acceleration will also change. When the net force is
doubled, acceleration is also doubled. When it is tripled, acceleration is also tripled.

 The force is equal to the product of the mass and the acceleration. If the force applied on
a mass is doubled, the acceleration is also doubled but if the mass is doubled and the
amount of force remains the same, the acceleration is reduced to ½.

 Potential Energy (PE) is the energy stored in a body or object by virtue of its position.
The term “potential” means that an object with potential energy has the capacity or
“potential” to do work if been released.
Factors that affects Potential Energy:
1.Mass and
2. Height

Factors affects Kinetic Energy

1. Mass
2. Speed
TEMPERATURE AND SPEED OF SOUND

 Sound waves can only move through matter – solids, liquids, and gases. This is the
reason why you can hear a conversation on the other side of a room even if there is
a solid barrier like wall in between.
 When you speak, the sound waves travel through air. The speed of sound does not
depend on the source but on the medium through which they move.
 We can change the speed of sound if we change the medium or the properties of the
medium that the sound is travelling in.
 Thus, the speed of sound is different in solids, liquids, and gases. Several factors
affect the speed of sound as it travels through a medium.
 The speed of sound is also affected by these factors: temperature, humidity, and
density.
 When the temperature gets high, particles have more kinetic energy and thus,
vibrate faster. Since sound is a consequence of energy transfer through collisions,
the more they collide means faster sound.
 When the temperature is higher, the speed of sound is faster.
 When the temperature becomes lower, its molecules moves slower so they collide
less frequently compared to a medium or body with a higher temperature thus sound
travels slower.
 Sound waves travel faster through warm air than through cool air. At 0°C, sound
travels at a speed of 331.5 m/s. The speed of sound increases, as the temperature
 of air rises. In liquids and solids, where molecules are close together, temperature
has less effect on the speed of sound.
 Sound travels faster in warmer air. During the day, the sun heats the earth's surface
(ground). Thus sound travels faster in the air near the ground, which causes the
sound wave to refract upward. At night, the opposite happens. The sound further
from the ground travels faster at night, causing the sound wave to refract towards the
earth's surface.