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Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement by Eggshell

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Article · March 2018

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 International Journal of Advanced Research Methodology in Engineering & Technology, ISSN 2456-6446
Special Issue - March 2018

Experimental Investigation on Partial

Replacement of Cement by Eggshell
Powder
M.Balakumar1, R.Manojnarayanan1, A.Karthik2
S.SathesKumar1, R.Sam Dhanraj1. 2
Assistant professor, Department of civil
1
B.E Civil Engineering, Department of civil engineering,
engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Madurai-625 701, India
Madurai-625 701, India

Abstract— The Eggshell usually which are

One of these SCM could be waste chicken
disposed, is used as an alternate for the cement since eggshells which contain a very pure form of calcium
the eggshell is made up of Calcium. This study
attempts to evaluate the optimal usage of eggshell carbonate or limestone frequently called calcite
powder from egg production industry as partial
(CaCO3) having pozolanic properties. Eggshell was
replacement for ordinary Portland cement. Cement is
partially replaced with eggshell powder as 2.5%, 5%, found to be rich in calcium and has good pozolanic
7.5% and 10% by weight of cement. Mechanical and
durability properties of eggshell powder based concrete property as lime. As cement was costly difficult to
were determined. Compressive strength test, splitting
obtain and have one of the draw backs of generating
tensile strength test and sulphate attack test were
carried out at curing ages of 7 and 28 days to find out of CO2 in large quantity. Use of eggshell waste
the optimum percentage of replacement by eggshell
powder in eggshell powder based concrete. instead of cement in concrete could have benefit

Keywords: Eggshell powder, Compressive strength,

such as minimizing use of cement conserving natural
Splitting tensile strength, Sulphate attack. lime and utilizing waste material.[2]

I. INTRODUCTION
A limited number of studies had been
Concrete materials are extensively used in
conducted on the re-use of eggshell waste as an
the building and construction industries. One of the
alternative material. The powdery form of eggshell
main ingredients, portland cement (PC) is generally
powder was partially replaced in cement in this
expensive and yields carbon dioxide (CO2)
study. Eggshell powder was added to portland
emissions during its production (approximately 1 ton
cement in various amount. The effect of replacement
of CO2 greenhouse gases are generated for making 1
of eggshell powder for cement in proportion such as
ton of PC) and consumes a lot of energy in its
2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% by weight of cement Was
manufacturing process [1]. Social and
studied in detail [3].
environmental issue of sustainability and energy
The scope of the study is to determine the
conservation are assisting in changing the PC
optimum percentage of eggshell powder based
industry by lowering and partially replacing its
concrete by conducting compressive strength test,
cement production with supplementary cementing
splitting tensile test at the age of 7 and 28 days with
materials (SCMs).

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 International Journal of Advanced Research Methodology in Engineering & Technology, ISSN 2456-6446
Special Issue - March 2018

the specified combinations of eggshell powder and

comparing with the control normal concrete
specimen. The causes of damages in concrete were
freezing, water penetration, chemical gradation and
erosion [4]. Therefore, it is important that durability
of concrete be enhanced. In durability test, the
concrete was immersed in 5% sodium sulphate
solution. The pH value was tested at every 7 days of
interval. After 84 days the specimen were weighed
and loss in weight and hence the percentage loss of
weight was calculated [5].

II. EGGSHELL POWDER

A. GENERAL
The chemical composition of eggshell powder and
cement were found to be similar. The main
component of eggshell powder was calcium
carbonate. For this study eggshell waste was been
collected from restaurants and hostels. The chemical
composition of eggshell powder was given in Table
1.
B. PROCESSING
The processing of eggshell powder was given in
sequence (1) Material collection, (2) Grinding and
powdering of eggshell powder, (3) Sieving of
eggshell powder, (4) Mixing of eggshell powder
with cement. The sieving of eggshell powder was
done in 75 micron sieve.
III. DESIGN AND TESTS
A. MIX PROPORTION
Our project was proposed of M20 grade of concrete
and the mix design was based on IS 10262-1982 and
IS 456-2000 codal provisions. The mix proportion
was arrived as
1: 1.40: 2.64 (cement: fine aggregate: coarse
aggregate).
B. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Specific gravity is the ratio of density of a substance
to the density of a reference substance; equivalently,
it is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass
of a reference substance for the same given volume.
Specific gravity of the materials used was tabulated
in Table 2.
C. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
The compressive strength was tested for concrete
cube of dimension 150 x 150 x 150 mm. The test
was carried in compressive test machine of capacity
2000 kN. The compressive test was conducted on
cube specimens at 7 days and 28 days.

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 International Journal of Advanced Research Methodology in Engineering & Technology, ISSN 2456-6446
Special Issue - March 2018

IV. TEST RESULTS

D. SPILT TENSILE TEST A. Tables

The spilt tensile was tested for concrete cylinder of Table 1: Chemical composition
dimension 150 mm diameter and 300 mm long. The
test was carried in compressive testing machine of Composition Cement(%) Eggshell
capacity 2000 kN. The spilt tensile test was powder(%)
conducted on cylinder specimens at 7 days and 28 CaO 63.8 47.49
days. SiO2 21.4 0.11
Al2O3 5.1 Nil
Fe2O3 2.6 Traces
MgO 0.36 Nil
SO3 2.38 0.38
K2O 1.88 Nil
Na2O 0.14 0.14

Table 2: Specific gravity

Description Values
Fine aggregate 2.53
Coarse aggregate 2.68
Cement 3.01
Egg shell powder 2.17

E. DURABILITY Table 3: Compressive strength test

In order to assess the durability, concrete cube of
MIX ID 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
size 150 x 150 x 150 mm were prepared and
CURING CURING
subjected to 5 % sodium sulphate. The specimens
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
were cast mould in 24 hours and demoulded and
ESP 0 15.13 23.12
kept in curing tank for 28days. After 28 days the
specimen were kept in atmosphere for 1days, then it ESP 2.5 15.44 24.23
was weighed for constant weight, subsequently the ESP 5 16.23 24.66
specimen are immersed in 5% sodium sulphate for ESP 7.5 15.21 23.96
84 days at 28 days of interval. The pH value of the ESP 10 14.67 23.22
sodium sulphate was found to be 8.39. After
immersing in sulphate solution, the specimen were
taken out and washed and then it was weighed at
every 28 days of interval. The specimen were
weighed and loss in weight and hence the percentage
loss of weight was calculated.

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 International Journal of Advanced Research Methodology in Engineering & Technology, ISSN 2456-6446
Special Issue - March 2018

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The compressive strength gradually gets increased
Table 4: Spiltting tensile strength test
up to 5% partial replacement of cement by eggshell
powder. The compressive strength is increased to
MIX ID 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 16.23 N/mm2 for 7 days curing and 24.66 N/mm2 for
CURING CURING 28 days curing by adding 5% (ESP 5) eggshell
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) powder when compared to normal concrete.
ESP 0 2.37 2.81
ESP 2.5 2.72 2.83 The splitting tensile strength gradually gets
ESP 5 2.91 3.02 increased up to 5% partial replacement of cement by
ESP 7.5 2.42 2.62 eggshell powder. The split tensile is increased to
about 2.91 N/mm2 for 7 days curing and 3.02 N/mm2
ESP 10 2.03 2.43
for 28days curing by adding 5% (ESP 5) eggshell
powder when compared to normal concrete.
There is an increasing trend in the weight loss of
eggshell powder based concrete as well as normal
concrete with respect to increase in days of
immersion. Comparatively for all days of
immersion, the eggshell powder based concrete was
found to be better against sulphate attack.

VI. CONCLUSION
The partial replacement of eggshell powder in the
concrete was studied in detail with respect to
mechanical and durability properties. Test results
confirmed that the positive improvement in strength
and durability results was obtained by partially
replacing the cement by 5 % egg shell powder.
Table 5: Durability test

DAYS ESP 0 ESP ESP 5 ESP ESP Acknowledgment

(%) 2.5 (%) 7.5 10
First and foremost we thank God almighty
(%) (%) (%)
for his Grace in enabling me to complete this work
0 0 0 0 0 0
on time.
28 0.116 0.114 0.108 0.115 0.116
56 0.129 0.119 0.114 0.118 0.128 We would also like to express Our sincere
84 0.141 0.122 0.120 0.125 0.141 thanks to Mr.A.Karthik, M.E., Assistant Professor,
Department of civil engineering, for being our guide
and giving his guidance throughout our project
work.

4
 International Journal of Advanced Research Methodology in Engineering & Technology, ISSN 2456-6446
Special Issue - March 2018

Then we would also like to deliver our
sincere thanks to our parents’ family members and
for being a great support and motivated as to
complete the project.
References
[1]P.Pliya,D.Cree “ Limestone derived eggshell
powder as a replacement in Portland cement mortar”
Construction and Building Materials 95 (2015) 1–9.
[2] Meenakshi Dixit, Anil Meena , Ankit Malik ,
Chhinderpal, Kirti Sundesha “Effect of Using Egg
Shell Powder and Micro silica partially in Place of
Cement in M25 Concrete” SSRG International
Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume
3 Issue 5 – May 2016
[3] D.Gowsika, S.Sarankokila, K.Sargunan
“Experimental Investigation of
Egg Shell Powder as Partial Replacement with
Cement in Concrete” International Journal of
Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) –
Volume 14 Number 2 – Aug 2014
[4] Praveen Kumar R, Vijaya Sarathy.R, Jose
Ravindraraj.B “Experimental Study on Partial
Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell
Powder”International Journal of Innovations in
Engineering and Technology(IJIET)
[5] Mohamed Ansari M, Dinesh Kumar M, Milan
Charles J, Dr.Vani G “Replacement of Cement using
Eggshell Powder” SSRG International Journal of
Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 3 Issue 3–
March 2016
[6] A.A. Ramezanianpour, S. Atarodi, M. sami “
Durability of concretes containing ground granulated
blast furnace GGBS against sulfate attack”
[7] K.G.Vinothan, T.Janani, R.Revathi,
R.Bhuvaneshwari, S.Santhiya. ,Hemath Naveen.K.S
“Study and experimental investigation of partial
replacement of Eggshell powder as cement in
concrete” SSRG International Journal of Civil
Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 4 Issue 3 –
March 2017

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