Problem 2: Prestressed concrete (Weight 0,35)

a)

MEd ≔ 1800 kN ⋅ m b ≔ 400 mm d2 ≔ 100 mm

Concrete strain and crushing failure: εcu ≔ 3.5 ⋅ 10 -3

1620 MPa 55 MPa
fpd ≔ ―――― = 1408.7 MPa Ep ≔ 195 GPa fcd ≔ 0.85 ―――= 31.167 MPa
1.15 1.5
For ordinary reinforcement we define normal reinforcement at 2 times the charateristisk strain
limit. with the following this gives:

500 MPa
εyk ≔ ―――― = 0.0025
200 GPa

εcu
αn ≔ ―――― = 0.412 It is ok if you choose 0.4
εcu + 2 εyk aswell

Necessary effective height at design load is then:

MRd ≔ MEd = 1800 kN ⋅ m

If alpha is 0.4:

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
MEd ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
MEd
d≔ ――――――――― = 724 mm d0.4 ≔ ――――= 733 mm
0.8 ⋅ αn ⋅ ⎛⎝1 - 0.4 ⋅ αn⎞⎠ ⋅ fcd ⋅ b 0.269 ⋅ fcd ⋅ b

h ≔ d + d2 = 824 mm h2 ≔ d0.4 + d2 = 833 mm

z ≔ 0.84 ⋅ d = 608 mm z2 ≔ 0.84 ⋅ d0.4 = 615 mm

MEd MEd
Ap ≔ ――= 2100 mm 2 Ap.2 ≔ ――― = 2076 mm 2
z ⋅ fpd z2 ⋅ fpd

Problem 2 b)
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Problem 2 b)

Ap = 2100 mm 2 h = 824 mm Ec ≔ 29.5 GPa Mg ≔ 600 kN ⋅ m Ep = 195 GPa

σp.max ≔ 1400 MPa Pmax ≔ σp.max ⋅ Ap = 2940 kN

Ep h
n ≔ ― = 6.61 e. ≔ d - ―= 312 mm
Ec 2

Ap ⋅ e.
Ac ≔ b ⋅ h = 329756 mm 2 At ≔ Ac + ((n - 1)) ⋅ Ap = 341537 mm 2 yt ≔ ((n - 1)) ⋅ ――= 10.8 mm
At

b ⋅ h3 ⎛ 2
Ic ≔ ――= ⎝18.676 ⋅ 10 9 ⎞⎠ mm 4 It ≔ Ic + Ac ⋅ yt 2 + ((n - 1)) ⋅ Ap ⋅ ⎛⎝e. - yt⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.978 ⋅ 10 10⎞⎠ mm 4
12

Concrete stresses:

N ≔ -Pmax = -2.94 ⋅ 10 3 kN

N Mg - Pmax ⋅ ⎛⎝e. - yt⎞⎠

σc ((y)) ≔ ―+ ―――――― ⋅ ⎛⎝y - yt⎞⎠
At It

⎛ -h ⎞
At top: σc ⎜―― ⎟ = -2.49 MPa
⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛h⎞
At bottom: σc ⎜―⎟ = -14.414 MPa
⎝2⎠

⎛ h⎞
At prestressing: σcp ≔ σc ⎜d - ―⎟ = -12.968 MPa
⎝ 2⎠

corresponging total stress in the prestressed steel:

σcp
Δεp ≔ ―― = -4.396 ⋅ 10 -4
Ec

σp ≔ σp.max + Δεp ⋅ Ep = 1314 MPa

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Problem 3 a)

Assuming B45 concrete

Ned ≔ 600 kN Hed ≔ 120 kN L ≔ 300 mm

b ≔ 350 mm hc ≔ 390 mm

ac ≔ 130 mm

tshim ≔ 10 mm c ≔ 30 mm

øc ≔ 20 mm øcs ≔ 10 mm

45 MPa
fcd ≔ 0.85 ⋅ ―――= 25.5 MPa
1.5

øc
u ≔ tshim + c + ―= 50 mm
2

øc
c1 ≔ c + øcs + ―= 50 mm
2

øcs
c2 ≔ c + ― = 35 mm
2

øc
z ≔ hc - c2 - c - ―= 315 mm
2

Vertical load has eccentricity e0 ≔ 20 mm

e0 = 20mm as per EC2 6.1(4)
⎛ Hed ⎞
amark ≔ ac + e0 + u ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ + c1 = 210 mm
⎝ Ned ⎠

amark
Fs ≔ Ned ⋅ ――+ Hed = 520 kN
z
fyd ≔ 360 MPa

Fs
As.main ≔ ―― = 1444 mm 2
fyd
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 Fs
As.main ≔ ―― = 1444 mm 2 Choose 5ø20 => 1570 mm2
fyd

ac = 130 mm < 0.5 ⋅ hc = 195 mm

rules for reinforcement given in EC2 figur J.6 A

Horisontal stirrups ø20

2
⎛ 20 mm ⎞ 2
As.lnk ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ π = 628 mm > 0.3 ⋅ As.main = 433 mm 2 => OK
⎝ 2 ⎠
ΣAs = 3 x 628 = 1884 mm2 > As.main = 1444 mm 2 => OK

Problem 2b)

Choosen reinforcement sketch:

Problem 2c)

The use of Strut and Tie Models (STM) is anchored in the principle: "Lower
bound theorem of the theory of plasticity"

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