SQUARE TIED COLUMN

FIRST STOREY

A. LOADINGS FROM GRASP ANALYSIS

COLUMN DEAD LOAD (kN) LIVE LOAD (kN) ULT. LOAD (kN)

C1 381.358 42.713 606.513

C2 767.045 71.256 1194.998

C3 743.283 85.426 1185.820

C4 1495 142.513 2335.272

B. COLUMN PROPERTIES FROM RC LAB – PLATE 4

COLUMN DIMENSION (mm) BAR DIAMETER NO. OF BARS

C1 230 20 mm 4

C2 310 20 mm 6

C3 300 20 mm 6

C4 410 20 mm 11
 DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING
C1/F1

A. ASSUMPTIONS
kN
Unit Weight of Concrete γc ≔ 24 ――
m3
kN
Unit Weight of Soil γs ≔ 16 ――
m3
Allowable Soil Pressure qa ≔ 290 kPa

Concrete Compressive Strength f'c ≔ 27 MPa

Steel Yield Strength for Main Rebars fy ≔ 375 MPa

Concrete Cover c ≔ 75 mm

Height of Concrete hc ≔ 0.4 m

Depth of Footing Df ≔ 1.0 m

Square Column C ≔ 230 mm

Column Bar Diameter dc ≔ 20 mm

Main Bar Diameter db ≔ 20 mm

Reinforcement Location Factor α ≔ 1.0

Coating Factor β ≔ 1.0

Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Factor λ ≔ 1.0

Shear Reduction Factor (NSCP 2001) ϕ ≔ 0.85

Bearing Stress Factor (NSCP 2001) ϕBS ≔ 0.7

B. LOADINGS
B. LOADINGS

Dead Load PD ≔ 381.358 kN

Live Load PL ≔ 42.713 kN

C. DESIGN SQUARE FOOTING USING NSCP 2001

1. Height of Soil

hs ≔ Df - hc

hs = 0.6 m

2. Effective Soil Bearing Capacity

qe ≔ qa - γc ⋅ hc - γs ⋅ hs

qe = 270.8 kPa

3. Size of Footing
PD + PL
Aftg ≔ ―――
qe

Aftg = 1.566 m 2

x ≔ ‾‾‾‾
Aftg

x = 1.251 m say 1.3 m

Therefore,
L ≔ 1.3 m
bw ≔ 1.3 m

4. Ultimate Load using NSCP 2001

Pu ≔ 1.4 ⋅ PD + 1.7 ⋅ PL

Pu = 606.513 kN

5. Ultimate Soil Bearing Capacity

Pu
qu ≔ ――
bw 2

qu = 358.884 kPa

6. Effective Depth of Footing

i. WIDE BEAM SHEAR ANALYSIS

Vuw ＝ ϕVcw
⎛ L - C1 ⎞
Vuw ＝ qu ⋅ L ⋅ ⎜――― - dw⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
1
Vcw ＝ ―⋅ ‾‾ f'c ⋅ bw ⋅ dw
6

1 solve , d
0.358884 ⋅ 1300 ⋅ ((535 - d)) ＝ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ‾‾
27 ⋅ 1300 ⋅ d ――― → 175.34425503339883502
6
 1 solve , d
0.358884 ⋅ 1300 ⋅ ((535 - d)) ＝ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ‾‾
27 ⋅ 1300 ⋅ d ――― → 175.34425503339883502
6
dw ≔ 176 mm

ii. PUNCHING SHEAR ANALYSIS

Vup ＝ Vcp

Vup ＝ qu ⋅ ⎛⎝L 2 - ⎛⎝C1 + dp⎞⎠ 2 ⎞⎠

1
Vcp ＝ ―⋅ ‾‾
f'c ⋅ 4 ⎛⎝C1 + dp⎞⎠ ⋅ dp
3

1 solve , d ⎡ -451.49183299047487718 ⎤
0.358884 ⋅ ⎛⎝((1300)) 2 - ((230 + d)) 2 ⎞⎠ ＝ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ‾‾‾
27 ⋅ ((920 + 4 d)) ⋅ d ――― →⎢
3 ⎣ 208.28037130701715698 ⎥⎦

dp ≔ 209 mm

Adopt larger value. Therefore,

d ≔ 209 mm

7. Total Depth

dt ≔ d + 1.5 ⋅ db + c

dt = 314 mm < hc ＝ 400 mm (Adequate)

8. Steel Requirements

dm ≔ d + 1.5 ⋅ db

dm = 239 mm

i. Ultimate Moment
⎛ ((L - C)) ⎞ 2
⎜――― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Mu ≔ qu ⋅ bw ⋅ ――――
2

Mu = 66.769 kN ⋅ m

ii. Coefficient of Resistance

Mu
Rn ≔ ―――――
0.90 ⋅ bw ⋅ dm 2

Rn = 0.999 MPa

iii. Steel Ratio

⎛ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⋅ Rn ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρ ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⎜1 - 1 - ―――⎟
⎝ fy ⎠ ⎜⎝ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎟⎠

ρ = 0.0027
 1.4 MPa ⎛ 0.85 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ 27 ⋅ 600 ⎞
ρmin ≔ ――― ρmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ⎜――――――⎟
fy ⎝ 375 ((600 + 375)) ⎠
ρmin = 0.00373 ρmax = 0.024

Since ρmin > ρ < ρmax , therefore use ρmin = 0.0037

iv. Steel Area

As ≔ ρmin ⋅ bw ⋅ dm

As = 1159.947 mm 2

v. Number of Bars
As
Nb ≔ ―――
π
―⎛⎝db⎞⎠ 2
4
Nb = 3.692 say 4 bars

9. Check for Hooks Requirement

i. Required Development Length

3 fy ⋅ α ⋅ β ⋅ λ ⋅ db ⎛ ‾‾‾‾
MPa ⎟
⎞
Ld ≔ ――――― ――― ⎜
5 ‾‾ f'c ⎜⎝ MPa ⎟⎠

Ld = 866.025 mm

ii. Development Length Provided

L-C
Lp ≔ ――- c
2
Lp = 460 mm < Ld ＝ 866.025 mm (Hooks are needed.)

10. Check for Dowel Requirement

i. Permissible Bearing Stress

A1 ≔ C 2

A2 ≔ L 2

‾‾‾
A2
― = 5.652 > 2.0 (Use 2.0)
A1

PBS ≔ ϕBS ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ A1 ⋅ 2

PBS = 1699.677 kN > Pu = 606.513 kN (Dowels are not needed.)

ii. Minimum Area of Reinforcement across the Interface of Column and Footing

Asmin ≔ 0.005 A1

Asmin = 264.5 mm 2

Asmin
Nbmin ≔ ―――
π
―⎛⎝dc⎞⎠ 2
4
Asmin = 264.5 mm 2

Asmin
Nbmin ≔ ―――
π
―⎛⎝dc⎞⎠ 2
4
Nbmin = 0.842 say 1 bar
TABULATION OF SQUARE FOOTING DESIGN KEY PARAMETERS

A. Square Footing Properties

COLUMN Effective Footing Footing Ultimate Soil Effective depth Effective depth Adopted Total depth of
Soil Bearing Width, Length, Bearing using Wide-Beam using Punching effective the footing,
Capacity, B (mm) L (mm) Capacity, Shear Analysis, Shear Analysis, depth, hc (mm)
qe (kPa) qu (kPa) dw (mm) dp (mm) d (mm)

C1 270.8 1300 1300 358.884 176 209 209 314

C2 266.8 1800 1800 368.827 249 297 297 402

C3 266.8 1800 1800 365.994 250 299 299 404

C4 262.7 2500 2500 373.644 352 424 424 536.5

B. Square Footing Steel Requirements

COLUMN Maximum Coefficient of Steel Ratio, Min. Steel Max. Steel Adopted Steel Bar No. of
Moment, Resistance, p Ratio, Ratio, Steel Area, Diameter Bars,
Mu (kN-m) Rn (MPa) pmin pmax Ratio, As (mm2) db (mm) N
p

C1 66.769 0.999 0.0027 0.00373 0.024 0.00373 1159.947 20 4

C2 184.237 1.064 0.0029 0.00373 0.024 0.00373 2197.44 20 7

C3 185.284 1.057 0.0029 0.00373 0.024 0.00373 2210.88 20 8

C4 510.035 1.1 0.003 0.00373 0.024 0.00373 4237.333 20 14

C. Hooks Requirements

COLUMN Required Provided Ld >= Lp, Are Hooks Needed?,

Development Length, Development Length, Yes or No Yes or No
Ld (mm) Lp (mm)

C1 866.025 460 NO YES

C2 866.025 670 NO YES

C3 866.025 675 NO YES

C4 1082.532 970 NO YES

D. Dowel Requirements

COLUMN Ultimate Load, Permissible PBS >= Pu Are Dowels Min. Steel Column Bar No. of Bars,
Pu (kN) Bearing Stress Needed? Area, Diameter, N
PBS (kN) Asmin (mm2) dc (mm)

C1 606.513 1699.677 YES NO 264.5 20 1

C2 1194.998 3087.693 YES NO 480.5 20 2

C3 1185.82 2891.7 YES NO 450 20 2

C4 2335.272 5401.053 YES NO 840.5 20 3